A Novel Hybrid Cyber Range for Security Exercises on Cyber-Physical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34
Author(s):  
Bil Hallaq ◽  
Andrew Nicholson ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Leandros Maglaras ◽  
Allan Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Training Technique ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Cyber Range ◽  
Proven Method

Incident response teams cannot prepare for every situation or predict every crisis, especially when they involve cyber-physical systems. As a result, training activities need to be provided to support operating in challenging situations to develop concrete guidance, procedures, and tools to help individuals collectively react in different, unpredictable situations. Experiential learning is a training technique based on the assumed importance of experimenting and involvement, proposing that active engagement in a scenario develops personal experiences that form the basis of understanding. Exercises are a form of serious games that are a proven method of delivering experiential learning. This article presents CYRAN, a realistic environment used for cyber warfare training, cyber resiliency testing, and cyber technology development. CYRAN is a low-cost cyber range that can be easily used for experiments on realistic scenarios for various educational and training purposes and for the collection of labelled datasets for further research.

scholarly journals Lab-on-Spoon – a 3-D integrated hand-held multi-sensor system for low-cost food quality, safety, and processing monitoring in assisted-living systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. König ◽  
K. Thongpull
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Ambient Intelligence ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Front End ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract. Distributed integrated sensory systems enjoy increasing impact leveraged by the surging advance of sensor, communication, and integration technology in, e.g., the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems, Industry 4.0, and ambient intelligence/assisted-living applications. Smart kitchens and "white goods" in general have become an active field of R&D. The goal of our research is to provide assistance for unskilled or challenged consumers by efficient sensory feedback or context on ingredient quality and cooking step results, which explicitly includes decay and contamination detection. As one front end of such a culinary-assistance system, an integrated, multi-sensor, low-cost, autonomous, smart spoon device, denoted as Lab-on-Spoon (LoS), has been conceived. The first realized instance presented here features temperature, color, and impedance spectroscopy sensing in a 3-D-printed spoon package. Acquired LoS data are subject to sensor fusion and decision making on the host system. LoS was successfully applied to liquid ingredient recognition and quality assessment, including contamination detection, in several applications, e.g., for glycerol detection in wine. In future work, improvement to sensors, electronics, and algorithms will be pursued to achieve an even more robust, dependable and self-sufficient LoS system.

scholarly journals Towards a Generic Architecture for Building Modular CPS as Applied to Mobile Robotics

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo González-Nalda ◽  
Ismael Etxeberria-Agiriano ◽  
Isidro Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Mobile Robotics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Software Components ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Generic Architecture ◽  
Research And Education

This paper presents a generic architecture for the design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) based on inexpensive and easily available hardware and open source software components. . This architecture provides a framework aimed at building CPS in a robust, flexible and modular way. The presented architecture intends to ease the construction of this kind of systems together with its evolution and management. The potential of the proposed architecture is illustrated by means of a case study consisting of a mobile robotics application built with low cost hardware modules modules. There is a large community of users for these components and plenty of related technical information is available. As a consequence, these inexpensive components were found suitable for being used at different application domains, including research and education.

scholarly journals Research Challenges and QoS Provisioning MAC Protocol for Cyber Physical Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S) ◽  
pp. 627-632
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Increasing Demand

One of the latest emerging class of systems which implants cyber features into the physical world is the Cyber Physical System (CPS), which provides a platform for interaction between physical world and virtual world. CPS promises to transform the physical world to virtual world through interaction similar to human interaction with each other. With the increasing demand of cyber physical systems in various applications, it requires wide variety of communication protocols for reliable and real time data transmission. The low- power and low – cost features of some canonical protocols lead to some short falls, reliability and timeliness. In this paper, we discuss an extensive survey on MAC protocols and Research challenges for enhancing the QoS in CPS.

Cyber-Physical Systems: A New Paradigm for Energy Technology Development

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tucker ◽  
P. Pezzini ◽  
K. M. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
System Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Physical Systems

Energy based Cyber-physical systems (CPS) find their greatest popularity in smart grid applications, where a complex computational algorithm imparts “intelligence” to a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system used for balancing load distributions. In contrast to this static application of CPS technology, research conducted jointly by U.S. Department of Energy’s, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and Ames Laboratory proposes a new paradigm in which CPS is used as a core technology in energy system development, design, and deployment. The goal is to speed up the development and deployment of advanced concept power plants, reduce the cost and thereby encouraging private and public investment, and substantially reduce the risk of failure. The current technology development paradigm generally starts with models and bench-scale tests, leading to a pilot plant demonstration of the technology before construction of a commercial system. The concept proposed by NETL and Ames incorporates CPS before and during the construction of a pilot plant — arguably the highest risk part of implementing new energy technologies — and then extends the cyber physical infrastructure to the full-scale plant creating a fully functional and coupled digital twin. The creation of a cyber-physical platform as a part of the advanced energy system design and deployment has the potential to enable the “customization” of energy systems to meet local needs and resources. This will reduce cost and environmental impact of energy production and use. Examples of how the technology development process can be changed in the energy sector will be discussed using fuel cell turbine hybrids as an example.

On a Low Cost Fault Injection Framework for Security Assessment of Cyber-Physical Systems: Clock Glitch Attacks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Kazemi ◽  
Athanasios Papadimitriou ◽  
Ioanna Souvatzoglou ◽  
Ehsan Aerabi ◽  
Mosabbah Mushir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Injection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security Assessment ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Clock Glitch

scholarly journals Protecting Private Communications in Cyber-Physical Systems through Physical Unclonable Functions

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Pérez-Jiménez ◽  
Borja Sánchez ◽  
Andrea Migliorini ◽  
Ramón Alcarria
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Exchange Bias Effect ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Engineered Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are envisioned to change the whole of society. New engineered systems joining physical and digital solutions are being employed in industry, education, etc. These new systems are networked by default, and private information is shared among the different components related to users, critical infrastructures, or business operations. In this context, it is essential to encrypt those communication links to protect such information. However, even most complicated schemes based on hybrid (asymmetric and symmetric) solutions, finally require physical devices to store a secret key. This approach is cryptographically weak, as any person with physical access to the device could obtain that key. Therefore, in this paper we propose the use of physical unclonable functions (PUF) to generate secret keys for lightweight encryption schemes. Using PUFs, any attempt to capture the key is changing the original secret stream, and even manufacturers are not able to build two identical PUFs. The proposed key generator is based on magnetic materials and lightweight pseudorandom number generators to meet the low-cost and small size requirements of CPS. In particular, materials with an activated exchange-bias effect are employed, together with simple copper coils. The encryption process can be based on a simple XOR gate because of the robustness of the proposed key generator. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed technology, an experimental validation based on simulation scenarios is also provided.

Emerging Cyber-Physical Systems : An Overview

2018 ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
Okolie S.O. ◽  
Kuyoro S.O. ◽  
Ohwo O. B
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Strategic Research ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Wide Range

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) will revolutionize how humans relate with the physical world around us. Many grand challenges await the economically vital domains of transportation, health-care, manufacturing, agriculture, energy, defence, aerospace and buildings. Exploration of these potentialities around space and time would create applications which would affect societal and economic benefit. This paper looks into the concept of emerging Cyber-Physical system, applications and security issues in sustaining development in various economic sectors; outlining a set of strategic Research and Development opportunities that should be accosted, so as to allow upgraded CPS to attain their potential and provide a wide range of societal advantages in the future.

Security of Cyber-Physical Systems: A Generalized Algorithm for Intrusion Detection and Determining Security Robustness of Cyber Physical Systems using Logical Truth Tables

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis G. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Logical Truth ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Security Model ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Multiple Signal ◽  
Security Attack ◽  
Truth Tables

The recent proliferation of embedded cyber components in modern physical systems [1] has generated a variety of new security risks which threaten not only cyberspace, but our physical environment as well. Whereas earlier security threats resided primarily in cyberspace, the increasing marriage of digital technology with mechanical systems in cyber-physical systems (CPS), suggests the need for more advanced generalized CPS security measures. To address this problem, in this paper we consider the first step toward an improved security model: detecting the security attack. Using logical truth tables, we have developed a generalized algorithm for intrusion detection in CPS for systems which can be defined over discrete set of valued states. Additionally, a robustness algorithm is given which determines the level of security of a discrete-valued CPS against varying combinations of multiple signal alterations. These algorithms, when coupled with encryption keys which disallow multiple signal alteration, provide for a generalized security methodology for both cyber-security and cyber-physical systems.

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