Mitigation of Liquefaction Hazard Using Granular Piles

In this paper, ground improvement techniques are used to mitigate liquefaction hazards. Granular piles are the preferred alternative due to several advantages. Granular piles improve the ground by reinforcing and adding density to the surrounding soil apart from providing drainage. Different mechanisms operate in the function of stone columns/granular piles in liquefaction mitigation, including Drainage, Storage, Dilation, Densification, and Reinforcement. This paper presents an overview of the use of granular piles as a liquefaction remedial measure for sand deposits. A brief description on liquefaction and the associated features is presented. A short discussion on various ground improvement methods available for liquefaction mitigation is discussed in light of the importance of granular piles. Different installation methods and design concepts for granular piles are presented. Various mechanisms of granular piles in mitigating the liquefaction potential of loose sand deposits are discussed and quantified in detail proving their effectiveness in hazard mitigation.

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Mitigation of Liquefaction Hazard Using Granular Piles

Recent Challenges and Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering - Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6948-0.ch004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 86-116

Author(s):

A. Murali Krishna

Keyword(s):

Ground Improvement ◽

Stone Columns ◽

Loose Sand ◽

Short Discussion ◽

Liquefaction Potential ◽

Design Concepts ◽

Liquefaction Mitigation ◽

Liquefaction Hazard ◽

The World ◽

Granular Piles

Ground improvement techniques are employed to mitigate liquefaction hazards. Granular piles are the most widely preferred alternative all over the world, due to several advantages associated with them. Different mechanisms operate in the function of stone columns/granular piles in liquefaction mitigation like drainage, storage, dilation, densification, and reinforcement. This chapter presents an overview of the use of granular piles as a liquefaction remedial measure for sand deposits. A brief description on the phenomenon of liquefaction and the associated features has been presented. A short discussion on various ground improvement methods available for liquefaction mitigation is presented in light of importance of granular piles. Different installation methods and design concepts for granular piles are presented. Various mechanisms of granular piles in mitigating the liquefaction potential of loose sand deposits are discussed and quantified in detail proving their effectiveness in hazard mitigation.

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Analysis and settlement evaluation of an end-bearing granular pile with non-linear deformation modulus

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica ◽

10.2478/sgem-2018-0022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 188-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar Sharma ◽

Pooja Gupta

Keyword(s):

Influence Factor ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Deformation Modulus ◽

Relative Length ◽

Stone Columns ◽

Linear Deformation ◽

Dense Sand ◽

Granular Pile ◽

Non Linear ◽

Granular Piles

AbstractGround improvement with granular piles increases the load-carrying capacity, reduces the settlement of foundations built on the reinforced ground and is also a good alternative to concrete pile. Granular piles or stone columns are composed of granular material, such as crushed stone or coarse dense sand. An analytical approach based on the continuum approach is presented for the non-linear behaviour of the granular pile. The formulation for pile element displacement is done considering the non-homogeneity of the granular pile as it reflects the true behaviour and also accounts for the changes in the state of the granular pile due to installation, stiffening and improvement effects. The present study shows that the settlement influence factor for an end-bearing granular pile decreases with increase in the relative stiffness of the bearing stratum. The settlement influence factor decreases with increase in linear and non-linear non-homogeneity parameters for all values of relative length. For a shorter pile, the rate of decrease of the settlement influence factor is greater in comparison to that for a longer pile. Shear stress at the soil–granular pile interface reduces in the upper compressible portion of the granular pile and increases in the lower stiffer portion of the granular pile due to the non-homogeneity of an end-bearing granular pile.

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Numerical study on ground improvement for liquefaction mitigation using stone columns encased with geosynthetics

Geotextiles and Geomembranes ◽

10.1016/j.geotexmem.2014.11.011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 190-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Liang Tang ◽

Shengyi Cong ◽

Xianzhang Ling ◽

Jinchi Lu ◽

Ahmed Elgamal

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Stone Columns ◽

Liquefaction Mitigation

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Behavior of Pervious Concrete Pile based on Vertical Loading

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VII) ◽

pp. 3884-3891

Author(s):

Avinash A Rakh

Keyword(s):

Ground Improvement ◽

The United States ◽

Pervious Concrete ◽

Water Runoff ◽

Vertical Load ◽

Concrete Piles ◽

Concrete Pile ◽

Improvement Method ◽

Granular Piles ◽

Surrounding Soil

Permeable granular piles are used to increase the time rate of consolidation, reduce liquefaction potential, improve bearing capacity, and reduce settlement. However, the behaviour of granular piles depends on the confinement provided by surrounding soil, which limits their use in very soft clays and silts, and organic and peat soils. This research effort aims to develop a new ground-improvement method using pervious concrete piles. Pervious concrete piles provide higher stiffness and strength, which are independent of surrounding soil confinement, while offering permeability comparable to granular piles. This proposed ground-improvement method can improve the performance of different structures supported on poor soils. To achieve the goal of the research project, a series of pervious concrete sample mixing has been conducted to investigate the pervious concrete material properties. Laboratory tests are carried out on a pervious concrete pile of 100 mm diameter and variation at different lengths (500mm,400mm,300mm) surrounded by sand of different density. The tests are carried out either with an entire equivalent area loaded to estimate the stiffness of improved ground or only a column loaded to estimate the limiting axial capacity. Pervious concrete is a special concrete product made primarily of a single-sized aggregate. Pervious concrete has been used in pavements to reduce storm-water-runoff quantities and perform initial water-quality treatment by allowing water to penetrate through the surface. In the United States, pervious concrete is mainly used in pavement applications, including sidewalks, parking lots, tennis courts, pervious base layers under heavy-duty pavements, and low traffic-density areas. The vertical load responses of pervious concrete are the variation of soil stresses and displacement are discussed. Nine tests are conducted on pervious concrete pile further investigate the behaviour of the pervious concrete pile and surrounding soil under vertical load condition. Therefore, Pervious Concrete Piles is particularly suitable for reinforcing subsoil that has low strength and poor permeability.

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An Analytical Study of Partially Strengthened Single End-Bearing Granular Pile Near the Top and Bottom

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica ◽

10.2478/sgem-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 99-115

Author(s):

Vaibhaw Garg ◽

Jitendra Kumar Sharma ◽

Ashish Solanki

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Stone Columns ◽

Feature Analysis ◽

Granular Pile ◽

Granular Piles

Abstract Stone columns (or granular piles, GPs) are progressively being utilized for ground improvement, mostly for pliant edifice such as road mounds, oil depot, and so forth. The present analysis is done by introducing strengthening at both the ends of GP, i.e., bottom and top end so that the bulging problem will be solved and the beneficiary effect of the bearing stratum can be utilized by the bottom strengthening feature. Analysis of a single partially strengthened, at both top and bottom, end-bearing GP is presented in this article in terms of displacement affecting component for the top (DACT) of GP, percentage load transferred to the base (PLTB) of strengthened GP, and normalized shear stress (NSS). The PLTB of the strengthened GP was found to increase considerably. The NSS was found to reduce at the top end of GP and is found to be redistributed along the length of GP.

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Earthquake Induced Liquefaction Analysis and Ground Improvement as a Remedial Measure: A Review

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 889 (1) ◽

pp. 012035

Author(s):

Ubaid Hussain ◽

Amanpreet Tangri

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Loading ◽

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Remedial Measure ◽

Liquefaction Hazard ◽

Loss Of Strength ◽

Liquefaction Analysis

Abstract Liquefaction is the phenomenon in which partially or fully saturated, loose sandy soils behave like a liquid due to loss of strength and rigidity owing to sudden increase in the pore water pressure as a result of dynamic loading such as earthquake. Liquefaction induced by dynamic loading as a result of earthquake is the most destructive feature of earthquake that may results in settlements and collapse of structures. The severity of this phenomenon can be predetermined by the geological and hydro-geological setup of the soil in the study area. The aim of this study is to present a review of various aspects of earthquake induced liquefaction analysis, case evidences from field studies and some of the liquefaction hazards from past earthquakes. Remedial measures using ground improvement techniques to prevent liquefaction hazard is also studied in this paper. Further, investigating the performance of remedial methods against liquefaction is also presented in this paper.

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Geosynthetic Encased Column: comparison between numerical and experimental results

Soils and Rocks ◽

10.28927/sr.2021.073121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Nima Alkhorshid ◽

Gregório Araújo ◽

Ennio Palmeira

Keyword(s):

Pore Water Pressure ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Ground Improvement ◽

Soft Soil ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

High Permeability ◽

Soft Soils ◽

Column Comparison ◽

Surrounding Soil ◽

Granular Column

The use of granular column is one of the ground improvement methods used for soft soils. This method improves the foundation soils mechanical properties by displacing the soft soil with the compacted granular columns. The columns have high permeability that can accelerate the excess pore water pressure produced in soft soils and increase the undrained shear strength. When it comes to very soft soils, the use of granular columns is not of interest since these soils present no significant confinement to the columns. Here comes the encased columns that receive the confinement from the encasement materials. In this study, the influence of the column installation method on the surrounding soil and the encasement effect on the granular column performance were investigated using numerical analyses and experimental tests. The results show that numerical simulations can reasonably predict the behavior of both the encased column and the surrounding soil.

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