A Secure Hybrid Network Solution to Enhance the Resilience of the UK Government National Critical Infrastructure TETRA Deployment

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Devon Bennett ◽  
Hamid Jahankhani ◽  
Mohammad Dastbaz ◽  
Hossein Jahankhani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Communication Traffic ◽  
The Uk

In developed economies, electronic communication infrastructures are crucial for daily public, private, and business interactions. Cellular systems are extensively used for business communications, private interaction, and in some cases, public information services, via such uses as mass SMS messaging. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is at the core of all communications platforms. It was used primarily for voice communication purposes, but with current technological advances, this platform has been transformed from a voice to voice interface to a web enabled multimedia platform that provides commercial, business, and e-commerce services to the public. In response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist acts in New York City, the UK government introduced a policy of separating and transferring all emergency communication traffic from the PSTN to a digital public safety network based on the TETRA architecture. This paper extends the utilisation of the TETRA deployment by discussing a secure MANET hybrid solution for use in extreme situations as a short/mid-term EMS organisational communication platform for emergency and rescue operations.

A Secure Hybrid Network Solution to Enhance the Resilience of the UK Government National Critical Infrastructure TETRA Deployment

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Devon Bennett ◽  
Hamid Jahankhani ◽  
Mohammad Dastbaz ◽  
Hossein Jahankhani
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Hybrid Network ◽  
The Public ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Communication Traffic ◽  
The Uk

In developed economies, electronic communication infrastructures are crucial for daily public, private, and business interactions. Cellular systems are extensively used for business communications, private interaction, and in some cases, public information services, via such uses as mass SMS messaging. The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is at the core of all communications platforms. It was used primarily for voice communication purposes, but with current technological advances, this platform has been transformed from a voice to voice interface to a web enabled multimedia platform that provides commercial, business, and e-commerce services to the public. In response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist acts in New York City, the UK government introduced a policy of separating and transferring all emergency communication traffic from the PSTN to a digital public safety network based on the TETRA architecture. This paper extends the utilisation of the TETRA deployment by discussing a secure MANET hybrid solution for use in extreme situations as a short/mid-term EMS organisational communication platform for emergency and rescue operations.

scholarly journals One issue, different stories: The construction of GMO issues on Chinese, American and British mainstream media portals

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-275
Author(s):  
Yiqin Ruan ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jianbin Jin
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Uk

Biotechnology, as an emerging technology, has drawn much attention from the public and elicited hot debates in countries around the world and among various stakeholders. Due to the public's limited access to front-line scientific information and scientists, as well as the difficulty of processing complex scientific knowledge, the media have become one of the most important channels for the public to get news about scientific issues such as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). According to framing theory, how the media portray GMO issues may influence audiences’ perceptions of those issues. Moreover, different countries and societies have various GMO regulations, policies and public opinion, which also affect the way media cover GMO issues. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how GMO issues are covered in different media outlets across different countries. We conducted a comparative content analysis of media coverage of GMO issues in China, the US and the UK. One mainstream news portal in each of the three countries was chosen ( People's Daily for China, The New York Times for the US, and The Guardian for the UK). We collected coverage over eight years, from 2008 to 2015, which yielded 749 pieces of news in total. We examined the sentiments expressed and the generic frames used in coverage of GMO issues. We found that the factual, human interest, conflict and regulation frames were the most common frames used on the three portals, while the sentiments expressed under those frames varied across the media outlets, indicating differences in the state of GMO development, promotion and regulation among the three countries.

Storm Surge Impact to Subterranean Areas by Hurricane Sandy, and Lessons for Japan’s Storm Surge Countermeasures

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Challender ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Eastern Seaboard

Hurricane Sandy caused critical damage to subterranean infrastructure in New York and also claimed 285 human lives across the Eastern Seaboard. The storm surge impact easily overwhelmed existing pumping systems, devastating power supply and paralyzing transport. Despite extensive preparations and pre-storm public information efforts, inundation and underground flooding caused causalities. The size of the disaster, sheer scope of damage and multifaceted response spanning the onset through to the recovery phase provides useful lessons for Japan, given its vulnerability to similar storm surges and flooding disasters, such as the Ise Bay Typhoon of 1959. Given this, a delegation composed of members of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) and Researchers from Japan’s Universities and Academic Societies working in disaster prevention conducted two surveys in 2013 and 2014. This involved hearing from emergency management officers in New York, Washington D.C and coastal communities about their experiences evacuating vulnerable residents and protecting critical infrastructure. The author of this paper was a member of both delegations. Based on fieldwork from these joint surveys and other materials, this paper outlines the scope of the damage that a storm of Sandy’s size was capable of inflicting, and looks at lessons applicable to Japan for preventing similar damage to infrastructure and human life in future storm surge events, and discusses how New York is attempting to become a more resilient city in preparation for the next flooding or storm surge disaster.

scholarly journals An empirical study of assurance in the UK government major projects portfolio: from data to recommendations, to action or inaction

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Vo ◽  
Richard John Kirkham ◽  
Terry Mervyn Williams ◽  
Amanda Howells ◽  
Rick Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
State Spending ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Project Governance ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

PurposeEffective and robust governance of major projects and programmes in the public sector is crucial to the accountability of the state and the transparency of state spending. The theoretical discourse on governance, in the context of projects and programmes, is not fully mature, although is now sufficiently well developed to warrant an increased scholarly focus on practice. This paper aims to contribute to the empirical literature through a study of assurance routines in the UK Government Major Projects Portfolio (GMPP).Design/methodology/approachA framework analysis approach to the evaluation of a subset of GMPP database generates original insights into (1) the framing of assurance review recommendations, (2) the treatment of assurance review data and (3) the subsequent tracking of the implementation of actions arising from the assurance review process.FindingsThe analysis reveals that the “delivery confidence” of the major projects and programmes included in this study improves during the time that they are assured on the GMPP. This would suggest that “enhanced” governance routines are desirable in programmes and projects that exhibit high degrees of complexity and scale.Originality/valueThe research findings contribute to the wider conversations in this journal and elsewhere on project governance routines and governance-as-practice in the context of government and public services.

Charities, expertise and policy

The Good Glow ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-96
Author(s):  
Jon Dean
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

This chapter investigates charities as organisations, often experts in their field or bestowed with the image of expertise. It studies how and why the UK government has sought to involve the charity sector in the delivery of social policy. The chapter then outlines new challenges to charity trust that have emerged, and how the public–voluntary sector relationship has become more complicated as a result. It also discusses recent attempts to ‘gag’ charities in receipt of public income from criticising officials, because charities are holders of automatic symbolic prestige, as well as several cases in which charities may have misused the automatic assumption of goodness and expertise they have received from the public and policy practitioners. Interviewee data presents a story from sector leaders that the environment for charities has become significantly tougher in recent years, partly because of funding, but also because charities are no longer seen as special by default.

scholarly journals Fail to Prepare and you Prepare to Fail: the Human Rights Consequences of the UK Government’s Inaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Frowde ◽  
Edward S. Dove ◽  
Graeme T. Laurie
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
First Year ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

AbstractAs the sustained and devastating extent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic becomes apparent, a key focus of public scrutiny in the UK has centred on the novel legal and regulatory measures introduced in response to the virus. When those measures were first implemented in March 2020 by the UK Government, it was thought that human rights obligations would limit excesses of governmental action and that the public had more to fear from unwarranted intrusion into civil liberties. However, within the first year of the pandemic’s devastation in the UK, a different picture has emerged: rather than through action, it is governmental inaction that has given rise to greater human rights concerns. The UK Government has been roundly criticized for its inadequate response, including missteps in decision-making, delayed implementation and poor enforcement of lockdown measures, abandonment of testing, shortages of critical resources and inadequate test and trace methods. In this article, we analyse the UK Government’s missteps and compare them with published international guidance; we also contrast the UK’s decisions with those taken by several other countries (including the devolved administrations within the UK) to understand how its actions and inactions have contributed to unfavourable outcomes. Using an analytical perspective that demonstrates how human rights are both a protection from the power of the state and a requirement that governmental powers are used to protect the lives, health and wellbeing of citizens, we argue that the UK Government’s failure to exercise their powers competently allowed the virus to spread without ensuring the country had the means to manage a high case load. This abject failure has led to one of the highest rates of deaths per capita worldwide. We offer several lessons that can be learnt from this unfortunate, but preventable, situation.

scholarly journals Enacting property: Making space for the public in the municipal library

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M Freeman ◽  
Nick Blomley
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Property ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Ambivalent Relationship ◽  
Social Service Provider ◽  
The Uk

The space of the municipal library is changing. Libraries are no longer the traditional haven for quiet contemplation. In many cities across North America and the UK, municipal libraries have become a central social hub, a social service provider and a place of shelter for the marginal. In combination with technological advances and the hovering threat of budget cuts, the space of the library and the multiple publics it serves has becoming increasingly debated. We argue that the library and its changing mandate can be usefully understood through a property lens. The library is not only public space, we argue, but also public property. The manner in which the library, as public property, is enacted, is complicated most immediately by the competing conceptions of the ‘public’ that the library is to serve, but also by the ambivalent relationship between the ‘public’ and the ‘private’, and by the spatiality of the library itself. We demonstrate these complications in the context of changes to the sleeping policy in the Edmonton Public Library in Alberta, Canada (2014–2015).

The UK Justice and Security Bill 2012–2013: Using secrecy to legitimize the securitization of the law

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-68
Author(s):  
Mark Pope
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Law ◽  
Civil Cases ◽  
The Uk

The Justice and Security Act of 2013 provides for closed hearings in civil cases involving security sensitive information. The author argues that the UK Government successfully created and reinforced the authority of secretive sources to ensure the Bill was passed. Such authoritative sources promoted imaginaries of a future attack but also the need to respect legal principles that protected members of ‘our’ community. The dynamics between these imaginaries and principles led to the passing of the Bill in its final form – approving closed procedures in court, but removing inquests and issues of the ‘public interest’ from the Bill. Moreover, deliberation of the Bill was represented as negotiated and rational, thereby providing the final Act with legitimacy in elite fields. This research outlines how secrecy may not only be an end-goal of securitization moves, but reference to secret intelligence can also be integral to the justification of these moves.

Contracting Out Public Services to the Private Sector in the UK: Issues and Considerations

Global Jurist ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Farouq Al-Shibli
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Government Contracts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
Public Money ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Private Sector Involvement

AbstractDelivery high-quality services to people in a wide range of social fields and improve the most living standards are considered the main objectives for any government. Many countries, including the UK, felt the need for managerial reforms in the public sector after the global economic crisis, and several steps were taken to introduce new managerial public administration including the private sector involvement which was the only practical solution to encourage national economic growth. However, it was witnessed that the UK government could not successfully complete some of its projects carried out with private sectors, resulting in the waste of financial resources and effect negatively on the quality services delivered to people. This paper therefore aims to highlight the pros/cons of UK government contracts in order to propose various suggestions for the promotion of public private partnership (PPP), and for effective management of these contracts that will prevent the wasting of public money.

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