Entering the Clubhouse

Previous efforts in end-user development have focused on facilitating the mechanics of learning programming, leaving aside social and cultural factors equally important in getting youth engaged in programming. As part of a 4-month long ethnographic study, we followed two 12-year-old participants as they learned the programming software Scratch and its associated file-sharing site, scratch.mit.edu, in an after-school club and class. In our discussion, we focus on the role that agency, membership, and status played in their joining and participating in local and online communities of programmers.

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The (un)celebrated asylum centre: How Danish media hijacked an ethnographic fieldwork and altered local realities

Ethnography ◽

10.1177/14661381211038516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146613812110385

Author(s):

Birgitte Romme Larsen

Keyword(s):

Local Community ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

After School ◽

Daycare Centre ◽

Public Media ◽

The Everyday ◽

National Media ◽

The Media ◽

State Of Affairs ◽

School Club

Denmark’s oldest asylum centre has been in operation in the small town of Jelling since 1993. Here, over time, the institutions of the local community and the asylum centre have merged, spatially and socially. Today, a local daycare centre and the local after-school club operate on the premises of the asylum centre. Based on an ethnographic study of the everyday institutional neighbourliness between ‘asylum centre’ and ‘local community’ in this small Danish town, this tale from the field pertains to the overwhelming national media attention that hit the research case halfway through its term – and unpacks how public media collaboration came to alter the very local state of affairs that I was in the middle of studying. It is argued how, more than simply dissemination partners or collaborators, ‘the media’ instead turned into actual co-creators of the ethnographic field – and so of the concrete empirical findings and analyses.

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The Path of Standard Albanian Language Formation

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.2478/ejser-2018-0039 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 106-115

Author(s):

Sindorela Doli Kryeziu

Keyword(s):

Single Unit ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Language History ◽

Whole Process ◽

History Of ◽

Social And Cultural Factors ◽

Cultural Body ◽

Over Time ◽

Language Literature

Abstract In our paper we will talk about the whole process of standardization of the Albanian language, where it has gone through a long historical route, for almost a century.When talking about standard Albanian language history and according to Albanian language literature, it is often thought that the Albanian language was standardized in the Albanian Language Orthography Congress, held in Tirana in 1972, or after the publication of the Orthographic Rules (which was a project at that time) of 1967 and the decisions of the Linguistic Conference, a conference of great importance that took place in Pristina, in 1968. All of these have influenced chronologically during a very difficult historical journey, until the standardization of the Albanian language.Considering a slightly wider and more complex view than what is often presented in Albanian language literature, we will try to describe the path (history) of the standard Albanian formation under the influence of many historical, political, social and cultural factors that are known in the history of the Albanian people. These factors have contributed to the formation of a common state, which would have, over time, a common standard language.It is fair to think that "all activity in the development of writing and the Albanian language, in the field of standardization and linguistic planning, should be seen as a single unit of Albanian culture, of course with frequent manifestations of specific polycentric organization, either because of divisions within the cultural body itself, or because of the external imposition"(Rexhep Ismajli," In Language and for Language ", Dukagjini, Peja, 1998, pp. 15-18.)

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The Effect of Social and Cultural Factors on Ageism: Examination of the Dual-Process Motivational Model of Ideology, Politics, and Prejudice

Current Aging Science ◽

10.2174/1874609808666150922130126 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247

Author(s):

Israel Doron ◽

Hanna Kafka

Keyword(s):

Cultural Factors ◽

Dual Process ◽

Motivational Model ◽

Social And Cultural Factors

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Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little?

The Journal of Economic Perspectives ◽

10.1257/jep.28.4.99 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 99-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Timothy Besley ◽

Torsten Persson

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Low Income ◽

News Media ◽

Weak Sense ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Weak Institutions ◽

Social And Cultural Factors ◽

A Share

Low-income countries typically collect taxes of between 10 to 20 percent of GDP while the average for high-income countries is more like 40 percent. In order to understand taxation, economic development, and the relationships between them, we need to think about the forces that drive the development process. Poor countries are poor for certain reasons, and these reasons can also help to explain their weakness in raising tax revenue. We begin by laying out some basic relationships regarding how tax revenue as a share of GDP varies with per capita income and with the breadth of a country's tax base. We sketch a baseline model of what determines a country's tax revenue as a share of GDP. We then turn to our primary focus: why do developing countries tax so little? We begin with factors related to the economic structure of these economies. But we argue that there is also an important role for political factors, such as weak institutions, fragmented polities, and a lack of transparency due to weak news media. Moreover, sociological and cultural factors—such as a weak sense of national identity and a poor norm for compliance—may stifle the collection of tax revenue. In each case, we suggest the need for a dynamic approach that encompasses the two-way interactions between these political, social, and cultural factors and the economy.

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