scholarly journals Potential and restrictions of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz as native forage in the Brazilian semi-arid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47460
Author(s):  
Andrezza Araújo de França ◽  
Divan Soares da Silva ◽  
Josean Tavares Fechine ◽  
Francinilda Alves de Sousa ◽  
Alberício Pereira de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Poincianella pyramidalis (catingueira) is a endemic plant of the Caatinga, selected by animals grazing on native pasture. With the aim of evaluating characteristics indicative of its nutritional quality, 10 plants were selected and identified, sampled at five different ages, were used to determine dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), mineral matter (MM), DM degradability (Deg DM), NDF degradability (Deg NDF) and in situ and in vitro leaf-tissue degradability. Phytochemical prospection was performed, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance applied to detect the presence of secondary compounds. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test at 5%, and correlation analysis was carried out on the variables for leaf maturity in days. The levels of CP, NDF and Deg NDF showed a negative correlation with the increases in leaf age. Leaf-tissue degradation was restricted due to a physical barrier developed in the leaf fragments, which can be attributed to plant defence mechanisms. The in situ degradability of the cell wall components decreased with the increase in leaf age. The high levels of tannins and lignin, and the strong presence of flavonoids, should be considered for their anti-nutritional and pharmacological potential.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CAPACITY OF SOME LAVENDER AND LAVANDIN CULTIVARSIN VITRO AND IN SITU

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana GREBENNIKOVA ◽  
Anfisa PALIY ◽  
Valentina BRAILKO ◽  
Olga MITROFANOVA ◽  
Valery RABOTYAGOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Proline Concentration

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and (LavandulaxintermediaEmericexLoisel) arepromising fragrant plants with medicinal, aromatic and ornamental properties.Since the collection plantations of these crops are very damaged with viralpathogens and there is lack of seed propagation in valuable cultivars 'Belyanka','Record' (lavender) and 'Rabat', 'Snezhnyi Bars' (lavandin), were introduced invitro. Chemotherapy was used for cleaning up. Regenerants were cultured (4-5months) on MS medium with 0. 3 mg L- Kinetin, 0. 025 mg L- NAA and 0. 25 mgL- GA3 at 25±1°C under 16-h photoperiod. Intact plants were studied during thegrowing season. In order to reveal plants` biotechnological and genetic capacitysome biochemical stress indicators, indexes of photosynthetic activity and waterregime were identified. Under the open field cultivation, tested plants were rich inascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, and redox enzymes (catalase, polyphenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase) were active. Leaf tissue hydration was 56-62%,with greater part of bound water. Photosynthetic activity was reduced only in thesamples with visible damages with viral pathogens. In plants cultured in vitro,amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds were lower, so as enzymaticactivity and proline concentration were higher than in intact plants. The rate ofhydration was high (70-77%), with the same trend of water fractional composition.Photosynthetic activity and vitality index indicated no photoinhibition. It wasfound out the lavandin cultivars had better capacity for a wide use under variousculture conditions.

Molecular cloning, characterisation and expression of two catalase genes from peach

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bagnoli ◽  
Susanna Danti ◽  
Valentina Magherini ◽  
Radiana Cozza ◽  
Anna M. Innocenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cdna Clones

Two cDNA clones encoding catalase (Cat1 and Cat2) from peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were identified, that show homologies to other plant catalases. The nucleotide sequences of the two coding regions showed 88% identity to each other. The amino acid sequences predicted from the two full-length clones showed the highest homology to a catalase from cotton and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L. and included C-terminal tri-peptides typical of those used to target proteins to peroxisomes. Southern hybridisation analysis suggested the existence of two catalase genes in peach. The expression of Cat1 and Cat2 was determined in seeds, vegetative tissue, leaves during the seasonal cycle and in leaves in response to light / dark treatments. Cat1 had high levels of expression only in leaf tissue and was responsive to light and seasonal changes. Cat2 had high levels of expression in in vitro shoots and was also responsive to seasonal changes, but not to light. In situ hybridisations to leaf tissue indicated that the expression of Cat1 was localised mainly in palisade cells, while Cat2 mRNA was present in the vascular tissue. The results of the expression analysis and in situ hybridisation suggest a role for Cat1 in photorespiration and for Cat2 in stress responses.

scholarly journals The Influence of Extended Supplementation of Quebracho Extract to Beef Steers Consuming a Hay Diet on Digestion, Ruminal, and Blood Parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz F D. Batista ◽  
Madeline E Rivera ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
Mozart A Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The addition of natural plant secondary compounds to ruminant feed has been extensively studied because of their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions, resulting in a potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, among other benefits. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation may alter ruminal fermentation and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. This study’s objective was to determine the effect of quebracho CT extract (QT; Schinopsis quebracho-colorado (Schltdl.) F.A. Barkley & T. Meyer) within a roughage-based diet on ruminal digestibility and kinetic parameters by using the in situ and in vitro gas production techniques, in addition to blood urea N (BUN) and ruminal (VFA, NH3-N, and protozoa count) parameters. Twenty rumen-cannulated steers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: QT at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of DM (QT0: 0% CT; QT1: 0.70% CT; QT2: 1.41% CT; and QT3: 2.13% CT). The in situ DMD increased linearly (P = 0.048) as QT inclusion increased, whereas in situ NDFD was not altered among treatments (P = 0.980). Neither total VFA concentration nor acetate-to-propionate ratio differed among dietary treatments (P = 0.470 and P = 0.873, respectively). However, QT3 had lower isovalerate and isobutyrate concentrations compared to QT0 (P ≤ 0.025). Ruminal NH3 and BUN tended to decline (P ≤ 0.075) in a linear fashion as QT inclusion increased, suggesting decreased deamination of feed protein. Ruminal protozoa count was reduced in quadratic fashion (P = 0.005) as QT inclusion increased, where QT1 and QT2 were lower compared to QT0 and QT3. Urinary N excretion tended to reduce in a linear fashion (P = 0.080) as QT increased. There was a TRT × day interaction for in vitro total gas production and fractional rate of gas production (P = 0.013 and P = 0.007, respectively), and in vitro NDFD tended to be greater for QT treatments compared to no QT inclusion (P = 0.077). There was a TRT × day interaction (P = 0.001) on CH4 production, with QT3 having less CH4 production relative to QT0 on d 0 and QT2 on d 7 and 28. Feeding QT up to 3% of the dietary DM in a roughage-based diet did not sacrifice overall DM digestibility and ruminal parameters over time. Still, it is unclear why QT2 did not follow the same pattern as in vitro gas parameters. Detailed evaluations of amino acid degradation might be required to fully define CT influences on ruminal fermentation parameters and CH4 production.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-435
Author(s):  
D. Reis ◽  
B. Vian ◽  
J. C. Roland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

In Situ Localization of PPAR Gamma and Uncoupling Protein in Mouse Embryo Sections Using Digoxigenin-Labeled Riboprobes

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
C. Jennermann ◽  
S. A. Kliewer ◽  
D. C. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Nuclear Hormone Receptor ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARg) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and has been shown in vitro to regulate genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. By Northern analysis, we and other researchers have shown that expression of this receptor predominates in adipose tissue in adult mice, and appears first in whole-embryo mRNA at 13.5 days postconception. In situ hybridization was used to find out in which developing tissues PPARg is specifically expressed.Digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes were generated using the Genius™ 4 RNA Labeling Kit from Boehringer Mannheim. Full length PPAR gamma, obtained by PCR from mouse liver cDNA, was inserted into pBluescript SK and used as template for the transcription reaction. Probes of average size 200 base pairs were made by partial alkaline hydrolysis of the full length transcripts. The in situ hybridization assays were performed as described previously with some modifications. Frozen sections (10 μm thick) of day 18 mouse embryos were cut, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and acetylated with 0.25% acetic anhydride in 1.0M triethanolamine buffer. The sections were incubated for 2 hours at room temperature in pre-hybridization buffer, and were then hybridized with a probe concentration of 200μg per ml at 70° C, overnight in a humidified chamber. Following stringent washes in SSC buffers, the immunological detection steps were performed at room temperature. The alkaline phosphatase labeled, anti-digoxigenin antibody and detection buffers were purchased from Boehringer Mannheim. The sections were treated with a blocking buffer for one hour and incubated with antibody solution at a 1:5000 dilution for 2 hours, both at room temperature. Colored precipitate was formed by exposure to the alkaline phosphatase substrate nitrobluetetrazoliumchloride/ bromo-chloroindlylphosphate.

CONSERVATION OF RARE SPECIES PLANTS AND LICHENS IN SITU WITH PLANNED ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITIES: BASIC APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION PRINCIPLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
A. N. EFREMOV ◽  
N. V. PLIKINA ◽  
T. ABELI
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Social Risks

Rare species are most vulnerable to man-made impacts, due to their biological characteristics or natural resource management. As a rule, the economic impact is associated with the destruction and damage of individual organisms, the destruction or alienation of habitats. Unfortunately, the conservation of habitat integrity is an important protection strategy, which is not always achievable in the implementation of industrial and infrastructural projects. The aim of the publication is to summarize the experience in the field of protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ), to evaluate and analyze the possibility of using existing methods in design and survey activities. In this regard, the main methodological approaches to the protection of rare species in the natural habitat (in situ) during the proposed economic activity were reflected. The algorithm suggested by the authors for implementing the in situ project should include a preparatory stage (initial data collection, preliminary risk assessments, technology development, obtaining permitting documentation), the main stage, the content of which is determined by the selected technology and a long monitoring stage, which makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the taken measures. Among the main risks of in situ technology implementation, the following can be noted: the limited resources of the population that do not allow for the implementation of the procedure without prior reproduction of individuals in situ (in vitro); limited knowledge of the biology of the species; the possibility of invasion; the possibility of crossing for closely related species that сo-exist in the same habitat; social risks and consequences, target species or population may be important for the local population; financial risks during the recovery of the population. The available experience makes it possible to consider the approach to the conservation of rare species in situ as the best available technology that contributes to reducing negative environmental risks.

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