Penetration Behavior of Chloride Ions into Concrete in Coastal Areas

2006 ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Y. Masuda ◽  
F.-R. Wu ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
S. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Penetration Behavior

scholarly journals Spatial distribution change of groundwater quality in deep aquifer of Semarang alluvial plains area in past five years

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
Susanto ◽  
Syafrudin ◽  
T T Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Unconfined Aquifer ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Deep Aquifer

Abstract Over time, excessive groundwater usage in urban areas can affect groundwater conditions both in quantity & quality. In some regions, groundwater in the unconfined aquifer has been heavily involved, but for confined aquifers that are deep & tend to be protected, they are not involved too much. The extensive effect, especially groundwater quality, is very significant, especially in coastal areas where seawater intrusion is common & changes in water salinity occur within a specific time range. Regarding these conditions, research was carried out related to changes in spatial & temporal distribution patterns of groundwater quality, exceedingly physical & chemical parameters related to salinity in confined aquifer conditions in coastal areas. By taking a case study in the alluvial plains of Semarang City, this study aims to determine whether there are significant changes in the five years, starting from 2016 to 2020. By using data sourced from groundwater quality tests taken in the reference year, the results gained from the data processing explained that the groundwater quality parameters such as electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), acidity (pH), & chloride ions (Cl-) are changing respectively, both spatially & temporally.

Penetration Behavior of Chloride Ions into Concrete in Coastal Areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 302-303 ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Masuda ◽  
F.-R. Wu ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
S. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Chloride Ion Penetration ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Penetration Behavior ◽  
Ion Penetration

Exposure test on chloride ion penetration behavior into Concrete in coastal area was implemented. The distances between concrete specimens and coast were changed in the range from 50 to 150 meters, and water-cement ratios (W/C) were 45, 55, 60 and 65 %. The total chloride ion content at each different depth from surface of concrete specimen was measured at the age of 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 10 years. In this paper, apparent diffusion coefficient (D) and chloride ion content on surface of concrete (C0) were calculated by inverse analyses from the measured total chloride ion content, and the chloride ion penetration behavior was simulated using the calculated D and C0. As a result, the chloride ion penetrated in concrete with a W/C of 60 % at a point 50 m from the sea for 10 years was estimated approximately 0.2 kg/m3.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

Characterization and evolution of spearfishing in Madeira archipelago, Eastern Atlantic

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Roi Martínez-Escauriaza ◽  
Claudio Vieira ◽  
Lídia Gouveia ◽  
Nuno Gouveia ◽  
Margarida Hermida
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
Madeira Archipelago ◽  
First Time

Data obtained from licenses of spearfishers and surveys conducted in 2004 and 2017 allowed for the analysis, for the first time, of the practice of spearfishing in the Madeira archipelago. Only a small percentage of the population practices spearfishing, mostly local young men. Most of them practice the activity with a partner throughout most of the year and along most of the island's coastal areas, although preferentially along the North and Southeast coast. Results show how, in recent years, despite the population of spearfishers decreasing, the abundance in the annual catch potentially increased, probably due to the higher investment of time in this activity. It has been observed that many fishers complement their catches with manual collecting of invertebrates. Overall, 40 teleost fishes and also 4 crustaceans and 8 molluscs were identified. The most frequently captured fish species were parrotfish and white seabream, while limpets were the most collected invertebrates in both selected periods.

Factors Influencing the Separation of Glu-Plasminogen Affinity Forms I and II by Affinity Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan W Traas ◽  
Bep Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
Willem Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryNative human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E. C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Assessment of land-use change in coastal areas through geographical information systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Karla Teresa González-Figueroa ◽  
Fabiola Lango-Reynoso ◽  
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Jesús Montoya-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Coastal Ecosystems ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Computer Based

Objective: This article describes and analyzes the main concepts of coastal ecosystems, these as a result of research concerning land-use change assessments in coastal areas. Design/Methodology/Approach: Scientific articles were searched using keywords in English and Spanish. Articles regarding land-use change assessment in coastal areas were selected, discarding those that although being on coastal zones and geographic and soil identification did not use Geographic Information System (GIS). Results: A GIS is a computer-based tool for evaluating the land-use change in coastal areas by quantifying variations. It is analyzed through GIS and its contributions; highlighting its importance and constant monitoring. Limitations of the study/Implications: This research analyzes national and international scientific information, published from 2007 to 2019, regarding the land-use change in coastal areas quantified with the digital GIS tool. Findings/Conclusions: GIS are useful tools in the identification and quantitative evaluation of changes in land-use in coastal ecosystems; which require constant evaluation due to their high dynamism.

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