Study on Pyrolysis Characteristic of the Waste Tires

The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the yields of char ,oil and gas produced in the waste tire pyrolysis process ,the effects of temperature on the concentration of gas and pyrolysis oil constitutes, and the effects of HY-51 (as catalyst) on the yields and on the concentration of gas constitutes, were studied in detail. The experiments showed that the effects of pyrolysis temperature on liquid and gas products were important. The yields of the gas were primate raised, then reduced. When the pyrolysis temperature reached 550°C, the yields of oil can reach to above 45%. when adding catalyst, the yields raised to 50%.Gas product were component of H2, CH4, CO,CO2 and C2-C3, etc., there were a lot of macromolecular aromatic, and contain acid, hydrocarbon, ketone, heterocyclic (containing S, O, N, etc)in pyrolysis oil. we had been done the thermogravimetric experiments. Which were indicated that waste tire have three main mass loss stages. The range of first stage temperature was 200-350°C, 270°C was the maximum temperature of mass loss ,and the mass loss rate reached to 20.4%;The second stage mass loss temperature was 350-600 °C, the biggest temperature mass loss were in 484 °C and 547 °C, this stage rate was 64.6%; the range of the third stage was 600-675 °C, had a small mass loss peak, the rate just was 2.5% The pyrolysis oils analysis were provided the basic data for the chemical and energy basic on pyrolysis and pyrolysis characteristic of the waste tire.

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Modelling the He I triplet absorption at 10 830 Å in the atmospheres of HD 189733 b and GJ 3470 b

Astronomy and Astrophysics ◽

10.1051/0004-6361/202039417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 647 ◽

pp. A129

Author(s):

M. Lampón ◽

M. López-Puertas ◽

J. Sanz-Forcada ◽

A. Sánchez-López ◽

K. Molaverdikhani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Mass Loss ◽

Molecular Mass ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Upper Atmosphere ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Comparable Rate ◽

Radial Outflow ◽

Triplet Absorption

Characterising the atmospheres of exoplanets is key to understanding their nature and provides hints about their formation and evolution. High resolution measurements of the helium triplet absorption of highly irradiated planets have been recently reported, which provide a new means of studying their atmospheric escape. In this work we study the escape of the upper atmospheres of HD 189733 b and GJ 3470 b by analysing high resolution He I triplet absorption measurements and using a 1D hydrodynamic spherically symmetric model coupled with a non-local thermodynamic model for the He I triplet state. We also use the H density derived from Lyα observations to further constrain their temperatures, mass-loss rates, and H/He ratios. We have significantly improved our knowledge of the upper atmospheres of these planets. While HD 189733 b has a rather compressed atmosphere and small gas radial velocities, GJ 3470 b, on the other hand with a gravitational potential ten times smaller, exhibits a very extended atmosphere and large radial outflow velocities. Hence, although GJ 3470 b is much less irradiated in the X-ray and extreme ultraviolet radiation, and its upper atmosphere is much cooler, it evaporates at a comparable rate. In particular, we find that the upper atmosphere of HD 189733 b is compact and hot, with a maximum temperature of 12 400−300+400 K, with a very low mean molecular mass (H/He = (99.2/0.8) ± 0.1), which is almost fully ionised above 1.1 RP, and with a mass-loss rate of (1.1 ± 0.1) × 1011 g s−1. In contrast, the upper atmosphere of GJ 3470 b is highly extended and relatively cold, with a maximum temperature of 5100 ± 900 K, also with a very low mean molecular mass (H/He = (98.5/1.5)−1.5+1.0), which is not strongly ionised, and with a mass-loss rate of (1.9 ± 1.1) × 1011 g s−1. Furthermore, our results suggest that upper atmospheres of giant planets undergoing hydrodynamic escape tend to have a very low mean molecular mass (H/He ≳ 97/3).

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Experimental Analysis of Temperature Influence on Waste Tire Pyrolysis

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14175403 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 5403

Author(s):

Zoran Čepić ◽

Višnja Mihajlović ◽

Slavko Đurić ◽

Milan Milotić ◽

Milena Stošić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heating Rate ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Pyrolysis Product ◽

Passenger Vehicle ◽

Base Diameter ◽

Waste Tire ◽

Thermochemical Process ◽

Pyrolytic Oil ◽

Secondary Cracking

Pyrolysis is an optimal thermochemical process for obtaining valuable products (char, oil, and gas) from waste tires. The preliminary research was done on the three groups of samples acquired by cutting the same waste tire of a passenger vehicle into cylindrical granules with a base diameter of 3, 7, and 11 mm. Each batch weighed 10 g. The heating rate was 14 °C/min, and the final pyrolysis temperature was 750 °C, with 90 s residence time. After the pyrolysis product yields were determined for all of the three sample groups, further research was performed only on 3 mm granules, with the same heating rate, but with altered final pyrolytic temperatures (400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, and 750 °C). The results of this study show that thermochemical decomposition of the waste tire sample takes place in the temperature range of 200–500 °C, with three distinct phases of degradation. The highest yield of the pyrolytic oil was achieved at a temperature of 500 °C, but further heating of volatile matters reduced the oil yield, and simultaneously increased the yield of gas, due to the existence of secondary cracking reactions. The analysis of pyrolytic oil and char showed that these products can be used as fuel.

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Reaction-to-fire tests. Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate

10.3403/30282467 ◽

2013 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Heat Release ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Fire Tests ◽

Smoke Production

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Reaction-to-fire tests. Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate

10.3403/30354021 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Heat Release ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Fire Tests ◽

Smoke Production

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Reaction-to-fire tests. Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate

10.3403/bsiso5660 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Heat Release ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Fire Tests ◽

Smoke Production

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Reaction-to-fire tests � Heat release, smoke production and mass loss rate

10.3403/pdisots5660 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Heat Release ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Fire Tests ◽

Smoke Production

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Asteroseismology of luminous red giants with Kepler. II. Dependence of mass loss on pulsations and radiation

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3970 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Yu ◽

Saskia Hekker ◽

Timothy R Bedding ◽

Dennis Stello ◽

Daniel Huber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Loss ◽

Mass Loss Rate ◽

Asymptotic Giant Branch ◽

Red Giants ◽

Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars ◽

Chemical Enrichment ◽

Dust Mass ◽

Red Giant ◽

The Masses ◽

Loss Rates

Abstract Mass loss by red giants is an important process to understand the final stages of stellar evolution and the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium. Mass-loss rates are thought to be controlled by pulsation-enhanced dust-driven outflows. Here we investigate the relationships between mass loss, pulsations, and radiation, using 3213 luminous Kepler red giants and 135000 ASAS–SN semiregulars and Miras. Mass-loss rates are traced by infrared colours using 2MASS and WISE and by observed-to-model WISE fluxes, and are also estimated using dust mass-loss rates from literature assuming a typical gas-to-dust mass ratio of 400. To specify the pulsations, we extract the period and height of the highest peak in the power spectrum of oscillation. Absolute magnitudes are obtained from the 2MASS Ks band and the Gaia DR2 parallaxes. Our results follow. (i) Substantial mass loss sets in at pulsation periods above ∼60 and ∼100 days, corresponding to Asymptotic-Giant-Branch stars at the base of the period-luminosity sequences C′ and C. (ii) The mass-loss rate starts to rapidly increase in semiregulars for which the luminosity is just above the red-giant-branch tip and gradually plateaus to a level similar to that of Miras. (iii) The mass-loss rates in Miras do not depend on luminosity, consistent with pulsation-enhanced dust-driven winds. (iv) The accumulated mass loss on the Red Giant Branch consistent with asteroseismic predictions reduces the masses of red-clump stars by 6.3%, less than the typical uncertainty on their asteroseismic masses. Thus mass loss is currently not a limitation of stellar age estimates for galactic archaeology studies.

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