New Algorithm for Ink Trapping Ratio Based on Transmittance

2013 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
Yong Chi Xu ◽  
Shi Sheng Zhou ◽  
Jin Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Trapping Effect ◽  
Yule Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cielab Color

To reflect the relationship between the trapping effect and colorimetric value of prints, this paper establishes an algorithm to calculate the ink trapping ratio. The new algorithm assumed that the second ink of two-color overprint solid forms an evenly distributed and thinner ink layer by keeping the total ink volume as constant and it employed the transmittance of single solid ink and overprint solid to compute the ratio of the thickness of the second ink layer printed on the first ink layer and on the blank paper on basis of Lambert's law. Because of the difficulties of measuring the transmittance of prints, it used the Clapper-Yule model to calculate them. To evaluate it, the ink trapping ratio computed by the densitometry method and the new algorithm for two sets of two-color overprint solid were adopted to predict the spectral reflectance of them. By comparing the CIELAB color difference between the calculated and measured value of spectral reflectance, the proposed new algorithm is precisely defined and it improves the calculation accuracy of ink trapping.

Evaluation of change in color of denim fabric after various industrial washing processes with different fiber composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Mangat ◽  
A. Abbasi ◽  
Jakub Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Fiber Composition ◽  
Obvious Change ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Cielab Color

Traditional denim made by using 100% cotton and novel denim made by using cotton in warp and spun PP in the weft were treated in 11 different ways on industrial garment washing machines with the help of various textile auxiliaries and pumice. There is an obvious change in color of denim. This change was measured by using Spectrophotometer. Reflectance was taken as a variable to observe the intensity of change. Color difference was measured by using the CIELab color difference formula 1976. Color space coordinates (L*, a*, b*) and color difference ΔE were calculated between the untreated denim and treated denim.

Discriminating trees species from the relationship between spectral reflectance and chlorophyll contents of mangrove forest in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 106024
Author(s):  
A.W. Zulfa ◽  
K. Norizah ◽  
O. Hamdan ◽  
S. Zulkifly ◽  
I. Faridah-Hanum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
The Relationship

Visual and Instrumental Colorimetric Assessments of Small Color Differences on Translucent Dental Porcelain

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1760-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Seghi ◽  
E.R. Hewlett ◽  
J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Colorimetric System ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Precise Relationship ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Further Development

The CIELAB colorimetric system was used for the study of the relationship between measured color difference values and human observer responses. This study verified that a specific, visually meaningful and precise relationship exists between the magnitude and direction of the measurements and the average dental-observer responses. The results support the use of this system in dentistry as a means of evaluating color by differences. The further development of such systems for clinical use would be warranted and could serve as a valuable tool for material selection and restoration design, particularly in the area of aesthetic restorative dentistry.

Assessment of Appearance Match by Visual Observation and Clinical Colorimetry

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Johnston ◽  
E.C. Kao
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
United States Public Health ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
The United States ◽  
Order System ◽  
Visual Rating ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Appearance Matching ◽  
Visual Rating Scale ◽  
Cielab Color

Judgments of appearance matching by means of the visual criteria established by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and by means of an extended visual rating scale were determined for composite resin veneer restorations and their comparison teeth. Using a colorimeter of 45°/0° geometry and the CIELAB color order system, we used the color of the restorations and comparison teeth to calculate a color difference for every visual rating. Statistically significant relationships were found between each of the two visual rating systems and the color differences. The average CIELAB color difference of those ratings judged a match by the USPHS criteria was found to be 3. 7. However, the overlap in ranges of the color differences for those comparisons rated matches and mismatches indicates the importance of other factors in appearance matching, such as translucency and the effects of other surrounding visual stimuli. The extended visual rating scale offers no advantages to the more broadly defined criteria established by the USPHS.

scholarly journals The Role of Scale Adjustment in Color Change Evaluation

Instruments ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gueli ◽  
Pasquale ◽  
Politi ◽  
Stella
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Cielab Color Space ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Cielab Color

The aim of this research work was to assess the influence of different scale adjustment conditions on both color measurement and color difference quantification and, in particular, to determine the best procedure to follow for a high-reliability protocol. This issue is very important in the Cultural Heritage field and, above all, in color measurement, which is carried out at different times during conservation and restoration campaigns or during archaeological excavations. Color change evaluation, performed by way of spectrophotometric measurements under different scale adjustment procedures on selected samples represented by colored reflectance standards and colored paintings, aimed to obtain results not only on ideal samples (certified standards) but also on real case studies (paintings). The study was conducted by focusing on the coordinates of the CIELAB color space and, in particular, on the calculation of the ΔE*ab quantity. The results show the introduction of nonsystematic variation with different scale adjustment procedures independent of materials and hue.

Prediction Algorithm of Spectral Reflectance of Spot Color Ink Based on Color Parallel and Superposition Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1176-1182
Author(s):  
Chao Rong Lin ◽  
Jun Fei Xu ◽  
Jin Lin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Superposition Model ◽  
Yule Model ◽  
Computational Difficulty ◽  
Color Prediction ◽  
Spot Color

Spectral prediction of spot color ink has always been a difficult problem in the field of color research. The current paper adopted color parallel and superposition models to deal with the Clapper-Yule model and to simplify the prediction model of spectral reflectance of spot color ink. respectively. Based on the experimental verification. the simplified method has a certain practical application value. and the spot color prediction of general presswork can meet the requirements fully. The most important consideration is that the simplification can largely reduce the computational difficulty. Moreover. the current paper compared the accuracy of color parallel model with the superposition model to simplify the spectral prediction model of spot color ink. The result showed that the color superposition model has higher accuracy in simplifying the spectral prediction model of spot color ink.

RELATIONSHIP OF SPIKE NODDING ANGLE AND KERNEL BRIGHTNESS UNDER SIMULATED RAINFALL IN BARLEY

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. BRINKMAN ◽  
T. M. LUK
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between spike nodding angle and kernel brightness under simulated rainfall in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five genotypes, selected for differences in kernel brightness and spike nodding angle in the field, were grown in the greenhouse. At approximately 10 days after heading, spike nodding angles of 0, 60, 120, and 180° from a completely upright position were established for each genotype. Spikes were sprinkled with water three times daily until they were ripe. After harvest, kernel brightness and yellowness were measured with a Hunter Color Difference Meter (HCDM). Kernels from spikes nodded at angles of 120 and 180° were significantly brighter than kernels from spikes nodded at angles of 0 and 60°, but there were no significant differences among the four angles for degree of yellowness. A nonsignificant genotype × spike nodding angle interaction for kernel brightness indicated that the barley genotypes responded similarly to nodding angle treatments regardless of their natural kernel brightness. Results of this research indicate that the spike nodding angle should be greater than 90° from vertical in order to contribute to kernel brightness in moist conditions. It is suggested that the barley breeder consider both natural kernel brightness and spike nodding angle as selection criteria for developing varieties with improved kernel brightness.

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