Separation of Lignin from Pine-Nut Hull by the Method of HBS and Preparation of Lignin-PEG-PAPI

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 429-434
Author(s):  
Jun Jia ◽  
Yu Chao Qu ◽  
Yue Gao ◽  
Yong Peng Yuan ◽  
Kai Kai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Solvent Resistance ◽  
Hydroxyl Value ◽  
Pine Nut ◽  
High Boiling Solvent

By the method of high boiling solvent (HBS), HBS-lignin has been separated from pine-nut hull with 1,4-butanediol solution as solvent, and characterized by GPC, IR, 1HNMR and TG. The optimal conditions are described as: the ratio of solid raw material to solvent (g:mL) in 1:12, the amount of catalyst in 6%, the reaction time for 2 hrs, reaction temperature at 200°C, and 90% of 1,4-butanediol as the solvent, and the yield of lignin up to 70%. The hydroxyl value of obtained HBS-lignin is about 197.2mgKOH/g. Furthermore, the HBS-lignin replaces the partial PEG400 to employ the synthesis of lignin-PEG-PAPI. The experimental results indicate that mechanical properties and solvent resistance of lignin-PEG-PAPI are apparently improved with comparison to the PEG-PAPI.

Research of Preparation Factors on Magnetic Cassava Starch Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1513-1517
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Yu Xian Feng ◽  
A Ming Chen ◽  
Lei Lei Qiao ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions

Magnetic cassava starch microspheres have been prepared by means of the method of precipitation magnetization, cassava starch as raw material adsorbing or embedding Fe3O4, many influence factors on magnetic cassava starch iron rate such as pH, reaction time, stirring speed, ratio of Fe+3 to Fe+2, reaction temperature also investigated in this paper. On the base above research, we preliminary got the optimal conditions on the synthesis of magnetic cassava starch microspheres.

Study on the Preparation of Chitosan-Based Resin

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1810-1815
Author(s):  
Jing Xian Li ◽  
Juan Qin Xue ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Yu Jie Wang ◽  
Wei Bo Mao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stirring Rate ◽  
Formaldehyde Crosslinking ◽  
New Type

With chitosan as the raw material, a new type of resin material is synthesized through formaldehyde crosslinking. The effects of the reactant ratio, the reaction temperature, the reaction time, the stirring rate and the system pH on the cross-linking rate are studied in detail. The resin material is then characterized by means of IR. The experimental results show that the reaction occurs mainly on the amino and the hydroxyl of chitosan. The chitosan-based resin material with good properties of sphericity and acidresistivity can be prepared under the optimal experimental conditions, which are found to be 1:5 for the ratio of chitosan and formaldehyde, 60°C for the temperature, 1 h for the reaction time, 440r/min for the stirring rate and 10 for the pH.

Preparation of Ultrafine Al(OH)3 Powders from Scrap Aluminum

2013 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Jing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Homogeneous Precipitation ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Ultrafine Powders ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Scrap Aluminum

The homogeneous precipitation pathway was explored to synthesize ultrafine powders of Al(OH)3. In the experiment, the scrap aluminum were used as raw material . The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, stirring speed, concentration of sulphuric acid and dispersant on the preparation process were investigated. The results showed that ultrafine Al(OH)3 powders can be yielded and well-controlled under the following optimal conditions: the concentration of sulphuric acid 3.0 mol•L-1, reaction temperature 0-4 °C, stirring speed 900 r.min-1 and reaction time 15 min. The diameter less than 100nm of sphericity Al(OH)3 particles with the narrow distribution were successfully obtained. The Al(OH)3 powders was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy , infrared spectrometer. The Al(OH)3 powders have good dispersancy and purity is more than 90%. The operation of the experiment was very simple, and the particles were separated easily.

scholarly journals Formation of conjugated double bonds in soybean oil with iodine as a catalyst

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yan ◽  
Jinlan Yang ◽  
Rifu Yang ◽  
Haifen He ◽  
Qihai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Trans Isomers ◽  
High Conversion Rate

A method for the iodine-catalyzed conjugation of soybean oil was developed, and the conjugated product was analyzed by UV, IR, and 1H NMR. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for conjugation included a temperature of 180?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.% and a reaction time of 3 h, at which the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid was 1.51 mol L-1, with 92 % conversion, the CLNA reached 0.225 mol L-1 when the temperature was 130?C, a catalyst loading of 0.5 wt.%, and a reaction time of 3 h with a conversion rate of 99.9 %. The reaction predominantly produced trans-trans, trans-cis and cis-trans isomers. It was also revealed that the conjugation of linolenic acid was much faster than that of linoleic acid. The method possessed the advantages of a short procedure, a high conversion rate, and no methyl esterification of the raw material, and it was an environmentally friendly technology that does not use solvents.

Experimental Researches on the Preparation of High-Efficient Active Floridin by Mixed Acids

2012 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 713-718
Author(s):  
Ming Yong Shu ◽  
Hai Ying Yin ◽  
Guang Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Effect ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Mixed Acids

Taking ca-bentonite as the raw material, the activation effect of active floridin prepared by mixed acids of H2SO4, HCl and C2H2O4 is studied. The research results indicate that the main factors influencing the activity and decolorization ratio of floridin include volume ratio of mixed acids, liquid-to-solid ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. When the volume ratio of mixed acids H2SO4: HCl: C2H2O4=5:5:1, liquid-to-solid ratio =4:1, reaction temperature 80 and reaction time 4h, it is possible to prepare high-efficient active floridin.

Preparation of Copolymer Modified with Oxidized Starch and Dispersion Ability for Ferric Oxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Ji Cheng Xu ◽  
Xin Shan Rong ◽  
Xiao Rui Guo ◽  
Feng Xian Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Oxidized Starch ◽  
High Temperature Water ◽  
Mass Proportion ◽  
Single Factor Experiment ◽  
Temperature Water

A series of copolymers modified with oxidized starch containing maleic anhydride (MA), styrene sulfonic sodium (SSS) and oxidized starch (OS) were synthesized by the free-radical polymerization. The polymerization is initiated by ammonium persulfate. The effects of content of monomer and initiator, reaction time, reaction temperature on dispersion ability for Fe2O3 were investigated by single factor experiment. The dispersion ability for Fe2O3 measured through UV spectroscopy was studied. The experimental results show that the copolymer has good dispersion ability for Fe2O3 when the mass proportion of monomers is OS:SSS:MA = 1:3:1, the mass fraction of initiator in total monomers is 10 %, reaction time is 5 h, and the reaction temperature is 70 oC. The morphology of the copolymer was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental results indicate that the prepared copolymer modified with oxidized starch could be used in the corrosion inhibitor of high temperature water.

Synthesis of Butanone 1,2 - Propanediol Ketal by Sulfamic Acid as Catalyzed

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 276-279
Author(s):  
Yu Hang Zhao ◽  
Li Cui ◽  
Da Zhi Wang ◽  
Tong Kuan Xu ◽  
Yong Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction

Butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by butanone and 1,2-propanediol as raw materials and sulfamic acid as catalyst. The effects of the mole ratio of raw materials agent, the dosage of the water-carrying agent and catalyst, reaction time on the product yield were discussed separately. Experimental results showed that sulfamic acid was a suitable catalyst for synthesizing of butanone 1,2-propanediol ketal. And the optimal reaction conditions are as follows: the mole ratio of butanone to 1,2-propanediol is 1:1.5, the amount of the catalyst is 2.2%, the water-carrying agent is 25ml, the reaction temperature is 358-378K and reaction time 3h. In this condition, the yield of production could reach 93.8%.

Study on Synthesis of Nitrophenyl Isocyanates Using Triphosgene

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1039-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Rong Cao ◽  
Xue Yan Zhao ◽  
Rui Jie Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

In this paper, triphosgene respectively reacting with o-nitrophenyl aniline, m-nitrophenyl aniline and p-nitrophenyl aniline to synthesize corresponding isocyanates. The effects of reactants molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield were investigated. As a result, using 1,2-dichloroethane as reaction solvent, the optimum molar ratio of the three kinds of nitroaniline and triphosgene were all 2.5:1, the optimum reaction time of synthesis of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate respectively was 6h, 5.5h and 5h; the optimum reaction temperature of synthesis of the three kinds of nitrophenyl isocyanates were all 75°C. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of o-nitrophenyl isocyanate, m-nitrophenyl isocyanate and p-nitrophenyl isocyanate could respectively be 80.3%, 83.7% and 83.5%. The products were characterized by meltingtest, ebulliometry, IR, and HPLC

scholarly journals A Long-Chain Alkylation of Dialdehyde Starch to Improve Its Thermal Stability and Hydrophobicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Zhaodong Wang ◽  
Haitao Ni ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Dialdehyde Starch ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Hydrophobic dialdehyde starch (HDAS) was synthesized by dialdehyde starch (DAS) and eighteen-alkyl primary amine as the raw material in DMSO. The effect of the reaction conditions on the yield of HDAS was investigated such as catalyst content, reaction temperature, reaction time, and the in-feed molar ratio of -CHO/-NH2. Moreover, the optimized test parameters were obtained by conducting orthogonal experiment. The molecular structure and the morphology of HDAS were characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). And the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of HDAS were investigated by thermal gravimetric analyzer (TG) and the hydrophobic testing. The results indicate that the yield of HDAS is the highest up to 44.21%, with feed composition 1 : 0.9, reaction temperature 40°C, reaction time 8 h, and acetic acid content 3%. And the introduction of the long-chain alkyl groups into the DAS backbones will ameliorate efficaciously the thermal stability and the hydrophobic properties of DAS, which almost has no effect on the DAS particle size.

Synthesis of Diethyl Carbonate from Ethyl Carbamate and Ethanol with Acid as Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 821-822 ◽  
pp. 1081-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Ye Qin ◽  
Biao Liu ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Wen Bo Zhao ◽  
Shui Sheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Diethyl Carbonate ◽  
Bronsted Acid ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Brönsted Acid ◽  
Pyrophosphoric Acid

The catalytic activity of many Lewis and Bronsted acid for the synthesis of diethyl carbonate (DEC) from ethyl carbamate (EC) and ethanol was evaluated in a bath reactor. Pyrophosphoric acid (H4P7O2) which showed the best activity was selected to further investigate the effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, catalyst dose and reaction time, on the yield of DEC. Under the optimal conditions, DEC yield can reach 29.1%.

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