Power Connector Behavior Used in Automotive Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 325-326 ◽  
pp. 556-561
Author(s):  
Rochdi El Abdi ◽  
Erwann Carvou ◽  
Noureddine Benjemâa ◽  
El Mostafa Zindine
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Vibration Tests ◽  
High Level

The increase in the number of electronic and electric systems used in the automotive industry necessitates a high level of electric power. To respond to this high electric power demand, it will be necessary to increase the voltage of the batteries and the current and to use new power connectors. A connector provides a separable interface between two subsystems of an electronic system. The main function of the connector is to transmit a signal or distribute power. For power connectors, heating can lead to an increase in contact resistance and sometimes even to contact surface melting and thus to connector damage. In this study, vibration tests and heat evolution of a commercial power connector used in the automotive industry was undertaken. The connector includes two spring lamellas on each side and the pin is flat. The pin is introduced between the two lamella springs and is submitted to vibration tests. Using an experimental set-up, the mechanical insertion force, the temperature and the resistance evolution can be measured. To quantify these parameters at the contact zone, a numerical modeling, using the finite element software Ansys, is used to give the change of the insertion force during several insertion-extraction cycles and to solve the differential equations for heat transfer in a transitory mode.

Arrangement of Archives of Cloud Computing Based and Utilization of Microsoft Access

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Lusy Tunik Muharlisiani ◽  
Henny Sukrisno ◽  
Emmy Wahyuningtyas ◽  
Shofiya Syidada ◽  
Dina Chamidah
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
Administrative Management ◽  
Microsoft Access

Service at the “Kelurahan” is a very important part in determining the success of development, especially in public service. The problem faced is the lack of skill level of the “Kelurahan” apparatus with the more dynamic demands of the community and the archive management system is still conventional and manual that is writing the identity of the archive into the book agenda, expedition, control card, and borrowed archive card, so it takes a more practical electronic system, effective and efficient so required to develop themselves in order to improve public services. Conventional administration and archive management must be transformed into cloud-based computing (digital), for which archiving managers should always be responsive and follow these developments and wherever possible in order to utilize for archival activities, with greater access expected archives are evidence at once able to talk about historical facts and events and be able to give meaning and benefit to human life, so archives that were only visible and readable at archival centers can now be accessed online, and even their services have led to automated service systems. Using Microsoft Access which its main function is to handle the process of data manipulation and manufacture of a system, this system is built so that the bias runs on Cloud which means Cloud itself is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored on servers on the internet and stored. The purpose of this program is the implementation of administrative management that has been based cloud computing (digital) and is expected to be a solution in managing the archive so that if it has been designed and programmed, it can be stored in the computer and benefi- cial to the “Kelurahan” apparatus and add in the field of management archives in the form of improving the quality of service to the community, can facilitate and scientific publications.

Framework for Study of Supplier Relationships in Indian Automotive Supply Chains

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Souresh Bhattacharya ◽  
D. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sunil Giri
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Supplier Management ◽  
Supplier Relationships ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Management Orientation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Supplier Partnerships ◽  
Automotive Supply ◽  
Supplier Relationship

Indian automotive industry has increasingly adopted global supply chain best practices including supplier relationship as a management imperative, in the last two decades. Increased competition, globalization, wide-spread outsourcing, use of information technology and rapid technological advances have contributed in supplier relationship development with the objective to achieve competitive advantage and a high level of performance. It is evident that only if mutual benefits accrue to both Vehicle Assemblers (VA) and their suppliers, the partnership between them would be meaningful and effective. Also, VAs have necessarily, to invest considerable resources and effort in achieving collaboration with their suppliers and cost-effectiveness becomes an issue which leads to supply base rationalization and a segmented approach. Therefore understanding the issues involved and identifying focus areas for successful supplier relationships becomes an imperative. This paper, based on an exploratory study, delves into the VA-supplier interface in Indian automobile supply chains, examines various theoretical and practical dimensions, in order to identify strategic imperatives (key impact drivers), Supplier Management Orientation (SMO) of VAs, adoption of Supplier Development Practices, extent of VA-supplier partnerships and mutual benefits accruing to both entities. Based on this a framework for holistically studying the VA-supplier interface is proposed.

scholarly journals Structure and function relationships of proteins based on polar profile: a review.

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Polanco ◽  
Thomas Buhse ◽  
Vladimir N Uversky
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Linear Sequence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Function

Proteins in the post-genome era impose diverse research challenges, the main are the understanding of their structure-function mechanism, and the growing need for new pharmaceutical drugs, particularly antibiotics that help clinicians treat the ever- increasing number of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs). Although, there is a wide range of mathematical-computational algorithms to satisfy the demand, among them the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship algorithms that have shown better performance using a characteristic training data of the property searched; their performance has stagnated regardless of the number of metrics they evaluate and their complexity. This article reviews the characteristics of these metrics, and the need to reconsider the mathematical structure that expresses them, directing their design to a more comprehensive algebraic structure. It also shows how the main function of a protein can be determined by measuring the polarity of its linear sequence, with a high level of accuracy, and how such exhaustive metric stands as a "fingerprint" that can be applied to scan the protein regions to obtain new pharmaceutical drugs, and thus to establish how the singularities led to the specialization of the protein groups known today.

scholarly journals Economic Valuation Methods: The Perception of the Accountants of the Hydroeletric Power Sector in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Lima Marques ◽  
Aracéli Cristina de S. Ferreira ◽  
Hélio Arthur Irigaray
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Electric Power Sector ◽  
High Level

The aim of the present study was to verify how accountants perceive the electric power companies in Brazil, regarding the use of economic valuation methods for measuring environmental impacts on hydroelectric power generation. These methods would be used in the internalisation of impacts in compliance with accounting theory criteria of recognition, measurement and disclosure of relevant economic activities. This is an exploratory study based on the conclusion regarding the collected data from a questionnaire answered by accountants, who worked in the electric power sector and were members of the Brazilian Electric Power Sector Accountants Association (ABRACONEE). The research showed that 74% of respondents were accountants or accounting analysts, 92% of them believed that companies should account for (internalise) environmental impacts caused by their activities, and 75% of them believed that this task should be based on detailed and specific norms determining what should be done and when and how to do it. Despite their high level of accounting knowledge and complete familiarity with the changes determined by the Brazilian Securities Commission, respondents adopted a conservative stance in relation to the use of estimated values or those obtained in hypothetical markets. The study revealed the existence of a vast field of research that has yet to be explored by accounting in the field of environmental accounting, especially in terms of both measurement and recognition of environmental impacts caused by diverse economic activities.

A Model Predictive Approach for the Coordination of Powertrain Control Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Stockar ◽  
Cristian Rostiti ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
Michael Prucka
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Discrete Control ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Powertrain Control ◽  
Engineering Design Process ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Automotive Powertrain ◽  
High Level

Abstract The design, calibration and integration of powertrain control algorithms has become significantly more complex in recent years, as the automotive industry faces increasing challenges in meeting consumer requirements and government regulations. Traditionally, the powertrain control engineering design process develops the engine and transmission controllers independently and then integrates them after an initial calibration. This process can lead to suboptimal performance and requires additional calibration and verification steps to improve the coordination of the various subsystems. This paper proposes a novel approach to achieve a systematic, high-level coordination, and optimization of the control strategy in an automotive powertrain system that will reduce overall calibration effort. Optimized set-points for engine and transmission controls are generated based on joint optimization of fuel consumption and drivability using Model Predictive Control to manage both continuous and discrete control variables. Simulation results confirm the control decisions made by the proposed coordinator match a well-calibrated production ECU with little tuning effort.

The Positive Effects of Utilizing Continuous Hydrogen Replenishment in Electric Power Generators

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Speranza ◽  
Lawrence Dusold
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
High Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Electric Generators ◽  
Cooling Media ◽  
High Level

The purity of hydrogen used within electric power generators has a direct effect on cooling efficiency, windage friction losses, generating capacity and generator longevity. Hydrogen’s high thermal conductivity is the primary reason it is used as the cooling media in a generator instead of air. Hydrogen has a thermal conductivity of nearly seven times that of air, and its ability to transfer heat through forced convection is about 50% better than air. Maintaining hydrogen’s high thermal conductivity through purity monitoring and continuous improvement is important to the overall operation of hydrogen cooled electric generators. Continuous hydrogen replenishment has been proven to be an effective technique in maintaining purity within hydrogen cooled electric generators. A properly implemented continuous replenishment system will maintain a consistent high level of purity, low gas dew point, and constant pressure within the generator.

scholarly journals Dimorphism of HLA-E and its Disease Association

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Kanevskiy ◽  
Sofya Erokhina ◽  
Polina Kobyzeva ◽  
Maria Streltsova ◽  
Alexander Sapozhnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Class I ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
High Level

HLA-E is a nonclassical member of the major histocompatibility complex class I gene locus. HLA-E protein shares a high level of homology with MHC Ia classical proteins: it has similar tertiary structure, associates with β2-microglobulin, and is able to present peptides to cytotoxic lymphocytes. The main function of HLA-E under normal conditions is to present peptides derived from the leader sequences of classical HLA class I proteins, thus serving for monitoring of expression of these molecules performed by cytotoxic lymphocytes. However, opposite to multiallelic classical MHC I genes, HLA-E in fact has only two alleles—HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03—which differ by one nonsynonymous amino acid substitution at position 107, resulting in an arginine in HLA-E*01:01 (HLA-ER) and glycine in HLA-E*01:03 (HLA-EG). In contrast to HLA-ER, HLA-EG has higher affinity to peptide, higher surface expression, and higher thermal stability of the corresponding protein, and it is more ancient than HLA-ER, though both alleles are presented in human populations in nearly equal frequencies. In the current review, we aimed to uncover the reason of the expansion of the younger allele, HLA-ER, by analysis of associations of both HLA-E alleles with a number of diseases, including viral and bacterial infections, cancer, and autoimmune disorders.

scholarly journals CRISPR-Mediated Knockout of the ABCC2 Gene in Ostrinia furnacalis Confers High-Level Resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Fa Toxin

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingliang Wang ◽  
Yanjun Xu ◽  
Jianlei Huang ◽  
Wenzhong Jin ◽  
Yihua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Deletion Mutation ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
Truncating Mutation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The adoption of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins has reduced insecticide application, increased yields, and contributed to food safety worldwide. However, the efficacy of transgenic Bt crops is put at risk by the adaptive resistance evolution of target pests. Previous studies indicate that resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A and Cry1F toxins was genetically linked with mutations of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily C gene ABCC2 in at least seven lepidopteran insects. Several strains selected in the laboratory of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, a destructive pest of corn in Asian Western Pacific countries, developed high levels of resistance to Cry1A and Cry1F toxins. The causality between the O. furnacalis ABCC2 (OfABCC2) gene and resistance to Cry1A and Cry1F toxins remains unknown. Here, we successfully generated a homozygous strain (OfC2-KO) of O. furnacalis with an 8-bp deletion mutation of ABCC2 by the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. The 8-bp deletion mutation results in a frame shift in the open reading frame of transcripts, which produced a predicted protein truncated in the TM4-TM5 loop region. The knockout strain OfC2-KO showed much more than a 300-fold resistance to Cry1Fa, and low levels of resistance to Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac (<10-fold), but no significant effects on the toxicities of Cry1Aa and two chemical insecticides (abamectin and chlorantraniliprole), compared to the background NJ-S strain. Furthermore, we found that the Cry1Fa resistance was autosomal, recessive, and significantly linked with the 8-bp deletion mutation of OfABCC2 in the OfC2-KO strain. In conclusion, in vivo functional investigation demonstrates the causality of the OfABCC2 truncating mutation with high-level resistance to the Cry1Fa toxin in O. furnacalis. Our results suggest that the OfABCC2 protein might be a functional receptor for Cry1Fa and reinforces the association of this gene to the mode of action of the Cry1Fa toxin.

scholarly journals Effect of drug dose and timing of treatment on the emergence of drug resistance in vivo in a malaria model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica M Acosta ◽  
Joshua T Bram ◽  
Derek Sim ◽  
Andrew F Read
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Drug Dose ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Timing Of Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract Background and objectives There is a significant interest in identifying clinically effective drug treatment regimens that minimize the de novo evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogen populations. However, in vivo studies that vary treatment regimens and directly measure drug resistance evolution are rare. Here, we experimentally investigate the role of drug dose and treatment timing on resistance evolution in an animal model. Methodology In a series of experiments, we measured the emergence of atovaquone-resistant mutants of Plasmodium chabaudi in laboratory mice, as a function of dose or timing of treatment (day post-infection) with the antimalarial drug atovaquone. Results The likelihood of high-level resistance emergence increased with atovaquone dose. When varying the timing of treatment, treating either very early or late in infection reduced the risk of resistance. When we varied starting inoculum, resistance was more likely at intermediate inoculum sizes, which correlated with the largest population sizes at time of treatment. Conclusions and implications (i) Higher doses do not always minimize resistance emergence and can promote the emergence of high-level resistance. (ii) Altering treatment timing affects the risk of resistance emergence, likely due to the size of the population at the time of treatment, although we did not test the effect of immunity whose influence may have been important in the case of late treatment. (iii) Finding the ‘right’ dose and ‘right’ time to maximize clinical gains and limit resistance emergence can vary depending on biological context and was non-trivial even in our simplified experiments. Lay summary In a mouse model of malaria, higher drug doses led to increases in drug resistance. The timing of drug treatment also impacted resistance emergence, likely due to the size of the population at the time of treatment.

Influence of interference fit size on hole deformation and residual stress in hi-lock bolt insertion

2014 ◽  
Vol 228 (18) ◽  
pp. 3296-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiefeng Jiang ◽  
Yunbo Bi ◽  
Huiyue Dong ◽  
Yinglin Ke ◽  
Xintian Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Hoop Stress ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Interference Fit ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Mechanical Joints ◽  
Hole Wall ◽  
Insertion Process

The interference fit can improve the fatigue performance of mechanical joints and is widely used in aircraft assembly. In this paper, specimens of lap plates and several interference fit sizes were designed, and then the interference fit hi-lock bolt insertion was carried out in an experimental test. Using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS, a two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was established to simulate the bolt insertion process. The finite element model was validated by comparison of experimental results and finite element prediction for insertion force and protuberance height. After the interference fitted bolt insertion, the changing characteristics of the non-uniform hole expansion and protuberance were presented with increases in interference fit size. Under low level of interference fit, the tensile hoop stress was produced mainly on the hole wall, and changed into compressive hoop stress when interference fit size is larger. The maximum tensile hoop stress point on faying surfaces went away from the hole wall with interference fit size increasing.

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