Τραυματικοί θάνατοι στην Ελλάδα

Το τραύμα αποτελεί μείζον υγειονομικό πρόβλημα σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Η αποτελεσματική πρόληψη και αντιμετώπισή του βασίζεται στην κατανόηση του προβλήματος μέσω κατάλληλων επιδημιολογικών και υψηλής ποιότητας ερευνητικών δεδομένων. Σε απάντηση αυτής της αναγκαιότητας, στις αναπτυγμένες χώρες ιδρύθηκαν και είναι σε λειτουργία εθνικές και τοπικές βάσεις καταγραφής δεδομένων τραύματος. Η λειτουργία τους είναι απαιτητική σε πόρους και οικονομικό κόστος. Στην Ελλάδα αντίστοιχες προσπάθειες συστηματικής εκτίμησης της ποιότητας αντιμετώπισης των τραυματιών αποδείχθηκαν περιορισμένες τόσο σε εύρος κάλυψης πληθυσμού όσο και σε διάρκεια σε βάθος χρόνου. Στην παρούσα μελέτη παρουσιάζεται η διαδικάσια ίδρυσης, λειτουργίας και απόδοσης μίας μη κρατικής βάσης δεδομένων τραύματος, που περιλαμβάνει δεδομένα από θανατηφόρους τραυματισμούς κυρίως από την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Αττικής, αξιοποιώντας το αρχείο της Ιατροδικαστικής Υπηρεσίας Αθηνών. Τα Ιατροδικαστικά αρχεία αποτελούν σημαντική και συνεχή πηγή πληροφοριών για τραυματικούς θανάτους σε εθνικό επίπεδο, αφού η Ελληνική νομοθεσία επιβάλλει τη διένεργεια Ιατροδικαστικής εξέτασης στο σύνολο αυτών των θυμάτων. Η βάση δεδομένων γνωστή ως Attica-Trauma Audit and Research Autopsy-Based Registry είναι μία ηλεκτρονική βάση Microsoft Access, όπου συγκεντρώθηκαν ανώνυμα στοιχεία 9.266 διαδοχικών τραυματικών θανάτων της δεκαετίας μεταξύ 1 Ιανουαρίου 1996 και 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2005. Από το υλικό της βάσης δεδομένων έχουν δημοσιευτεί μέχρι τώρα δέκα πλήρεις μελέτες σε διεθνή ιατρικά περιοδικά του Pubmed, καθώς και πλήθος περιλήψεων σε διεθνείς και Ελληνικές επιστημονικές εκδηλώσεις. Οι κατηγορίες των συλλεχθέντων πληροφοριών βασίστηκαν στη μεθοδολογία των διεθνών βάσεων καταγραφής τραύματος της ίδιας περιόδου. Πηγές πληροφοριών αποτελέσαν τα έγγραφα των Ιατροδικαστικών φακέλων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision (ICD-9) για την περιγραφή των συνθηκών του τραυματισμού, και η Abbreviated Injury Scale 1990 Revision (AIS90) για την περιγραφή των ανατομικών κακώσεων και τον υπολογισμό του Injury Severity Score (ISS). Παρουσιάζεται το σύνολο των επιδημιολογικών στοιχείων της βάσης καταγραφής, ανά κατηγορία δεδομένων, και σύμφωνα με τα πρότυπα ανάλυσης και παρουσιάσης των αποτελεσμάτων των διεθνών βάσεων καταγραφής τραύματος. Ακολουθούν ειδικές αναλύσεις για τους συχνότερους μηχανισμούς τραυματισμού: ατυχήματα μέσων μεταφοράς, οδικά τροχαία ατυχήματα, πτώσεις, διατιτραίνοντες τραυματισμοί. Δύο επιπλέον ειδικές αναλύσεις, που έχουν παρουσιαστεί στην ιατρική κοινότητα, ολοκληρώνουν τη διαδικασία της απόδοσης των δεδομένων: 1) τα κατάγματα του μηριαίου ως δείκτης βαρύτητας του τραυματισμού από οδικά τροχαία ατυχήματα, 2) η επίπτωση, οι παράγοντες κινδύνου και ο πιθανός χρόνος επέλευσης της μετατραυματικής Πνευμονικής Εμβολής στους θανατηφόρους τραυματισμούς. Η πλειονότητα των θυμάτων ήταν άρρενες (73,7%) με διάμεση ηλικία τα 36 έτη. Η πλειοψηφία των θανάτων συνέβει ως αποτέλεσμα οδικών τροχαίων ατυχημάτων (54,4%), ακολουθούμενα από τα θύματα πτώσεων (20,8%) και αυτά των διατιτραίνοντων μηχανισμών (10,1%). Η διάμεση τιμή του ISS ήταν 35 και 94,3% των θυμάτων είχαν ISS≥16 (βαρύς τραυματισμός). Ο χρόνος επέλευσης του θανάτου ακολούθησε μία τρικόρυφη κατανομή και 58,8% των θανάτων συνέβησαν σε προνοσοκομειακό επίπεδο με διάμεσο χρόνο διακομιδής τα 40 λεπτά. Τα κατάγματα μηριαίου στα πλαίσια οδικών τροχαίων ατυχημάτων σχετίστηκαν με υψηλότερη βαρύτητα τραυματισμού, όπως εκφράστηκε στις υψηλότερες τιμές ISS και στον βραχύτερο χρόνο μετατραυματικής επιβίωσης, καθώς και με κακώσεις του θώρακα, των κοιλιακών σπλάγχνων και σκελετικές κακώσεις των άνω και κάτω άκρων και του πυελικού δακτυλίου. Η επίπτωση της μετατραυματικής Πνευμονικής Εμβολής ήταν 4,3%, με πιθανό χρόνο επέλευσης από 0,66 ημέρες έως 3,5 μήνες. Παράγοντες κινδύνου που σχετίστηκαν θετικά με την εμφάνιση μετατραυματικής Πνευμονικής Εμβολής ήταν οι Δευτερογενείς θάνατοι και οι σκελετικές κακώσεις του πυελικού δακτυλίου. Στο τελευταίο τμήμα της παρούσας μελέτης παρουσιάζεται η εμπειρία της ομάδας εργασίας από την ανάπτυξη και τη λειτουργία της βάσης καταγραφής, στα πλαίσια της πιθανής μελλοντικής δημιουργίας αντίστοιχων προγραμμάτων επιτήρησης τραυματικών θανάτων σε τοπικό ή εθνικό επίπεδο. Τα πνευματικά δικαιώματα που απορέουν από την Attica-Trauma Audit and Research Autopsy-Based Registry ανήκουν στον εμπνευστή και Ιδρυτή (Founder) της Βάσης, Καθηγητή Ιορδάνη Παπαδόπουλο.

On the question of knowledge formalization in the management of the production of enthomophages

The article is devoted to the issue of formalization of knowledge in the management of entomophages production. The analysis of scientific works concerning the chosen direction of researches is carried out in the work, their urgency is substantiated. Factors influencing the efficiency of entomophages production management as a complex biotechnical system of ergatic type are identified. The aim of the research was to formalize knowledge in the management of entomophages production to increase the efficiency of its operation. The object of research is the processes of entomophages production management. Research methods - system modeling, precedent-based management, data mining. A model for presenting knowledge for entomophages production management based on precedents in the form of an associative map using the FreeMind software environment has been developed. A method for management the production of entomophages based on the application of a precedent approach and data mining has been developed. A precedent knowledge base has been developed using the Microsoft Access software environment for systematization of information on human operator actions in entomophages production management processes. The functioning of the knowledge base is based on production rules. The expediency of formalization of knowledge in the management of entomophages production is scientifically substantiated, which creates the conditions for increasing the efficiency of production and the quality of entomological products. This is achieved by reducing the time for the formation of strategies for its management through the use of previous experience and structuring information on the actions of the operator-technologist in management processes in the form of a precedent knowledge base. Key words: management, entomophages production, precedent, knowledge base, data mining

Sistema de Informação Especializado em Transporte Urbano

Pesquisa que apresenta uma proposta de desenvolvimento de uma base de dados especializada em transporte urbano, que referencie informações disponíveis na web para uso dos funcionários da Associação Nacional das Empresas de Transportes Urbanos, a fim de contribuir na domada de decisões. Fundamenta-se em transporte urbano, sistemas de informação, base de dados e modelagem de dados. Objetiva-se, a partir de um estudo de caso caracterizado como aplicado, bibliográfico e exploratório, propor uma base de dados de referência sobre transporte urbano a ser adotada na prestação de serviços informacionais desenvolvidos pela instituição. Apresenta, como resultados da pesquisa, uma aplicação desenvolvida por meio do Sistema de Gerenciamento de Banco de Dados Microsoft Access 2013, oferecendo cadastro (referência) de materiais, como artigos, vídeos, apresentações, capítulos de livros, matérias de jornais entre outros, e consultas, que podem ser realizadas em buscas por título, autor ou assunto. Concluiu-se que o bibliotecário pode atuar no processo de construção da base de dados de referência NTU, a partir de uma modelagem de dados que considerou atributos espelhados no Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (second edition), para o cadastro dos materiais, e definiu os tipos de dados do sistema e o modelo de banco de dados para a prototipagem, o que permitiu disponibilizar e recuperar informações relevantes, a partir de buscas por título, autor e assunto, e direcionar os usuários à fonte original e completa.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Barang Habis Pakai di Laboratorium Teknik Elektro Universitas Bangka Belitung

Laboratorium Teknik Elektro Universitas Bangka Belitung merupakan tempat mahasiswa melakukan aktifitas praktikum dan kegiatan penelitian . Di laboratorium Teknik Elektro UBB banyak sekali komponen elektronika dan peralatan listrik yang digunakan mahasiswa untuk kegiatan praktikum maupun kegiatan penelitian. Komponen elektronika dan peralatan listrik di kategorikan sebagai bahan habis pakai (BHP) dikarenakan komponen tersebut hanya satu atau dua kali pakai. Di dalam pelaksanaan prosedur pemakaian barang habis pakai, Laboratorium Teknik Elektro menggunakan sistem pencatatan manual sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya belum berjalan secara optimal dan masih manual sehingga banyak permasalahan yang terjadi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan suatu aplikasi yang mampu mengontrol penggunaan komponen elektronika dan peralatan listrik yang ada di laboratorium. Analisis dalam pembuatan aplikasi dilakukan dengan cara observasi terhadap sistem yang berjalan kemudian didesain menggunakan Microsoft Access. Aplikasi yang akan dibuat diharapkan dapat memudahkan pengelola laboratorium dalam proses perekaman data penggunaan barang. Selain itu, aplikasi juga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai ketersediaan barang sehingga dapat memudahkan perencanaan pengadaan barang habis pakai dan pembuatan laporan dan penyimpanan data secara digital.

Synchronous-asynchronous distance learning in the process of teaching information technology on the example of Microsoft Access

В статье рассмотрена проблема организации дистанционного обучения на примере Microsoft Access в рамках курса информационных технологий. Автор задался целью представить авторскую методику дистанционного обучения информатике на основе универсальных информационно-технологических сред. Практическая значимость работы заключается в том, что показан способ синхронно-асинхронной организации учебного процесса, выявлены условия проектирования данного метода обучения, продемонстрирована его реализация на конкретном примере, выявлены проблемы, возникающие в процессе использования представленной модели обучения. Также приводятся мнения студентов о данной форме обучения. Теоретическая значимость работы состоит в том, что в ней обосновывается невозможность освоения в очном режиме целого ряда навыков и умений, в которых нуждаются обучающиеся. Но они могут получить необходимые знания в рамках представленной дистанционной модели обучения. Автор утверждает, что дистанционное обучение информационным технологиям является в разы более эффективной формой организации образовательного процесса, чем очное обучение. Основной новизной статьи является представленная методика обучения, основанная на использовании синхронно-асинхронной модели и универсальных информационно-технологических сред. The article considers the problem of organizing distance learning, using the example of Microsoft Access within the course of information technology. The article aims to present the author’s method of distance learning in IT ba ed on universal information technology environments. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the method of synchronous-asynchronous organization of training is shown; the conditions for the design of synchronous-asynchronous training have been identified; the implementation of such training is shown by a specific example; the problems that arise in the process of using the presented training model are identified. Moreover, we can see students’ opinions about this educational form; it is shown that, in general, students are positively disposed towards this format of learning. It is impossible to teach a whole range of skills and abilities necessary for students in full-time education unlike, however, using the presented distance learning model. This is the theoretical significance of the work. The author claims that distance learning in information technologies is a much more efficient form of organizing the educational process than full-time education. The novelty of the article lies in the presented teaching methodology based on the use of a synchronous-asynchronous model and universal information technology environments.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Peminjaman dan Pengembalian Rekam Medis Rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Bandung

This research was conducted based on the problem of managing the borrowing and returning outpatient medical records at the Muhammadiyah Hospital Bandung which aims to find solutions to these problems to support the effectiveness of medical record services. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, and study approach. In making the software design the writer uses the waterfall method and the supporting applications used are Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 and Microsoft Access 2013. From the results of the research conducted, the authors found several problems in the management of borrowing and returning outpatient medical records, namely: (1). There were no medical records found on the storage shelf; (2). Recording of borrowing and returning medical records still uses a manual system; (3). The absence of reports on borrowing and returning medical records. The suggestions that can be given by the author, namely : (1). It is better if the borrowing of medical records is determined by the due date so that there are no more medical records that are late to be returned to the storage room; (2). An information system is needed on borrowing and returning medical records to support activities in the hospital, especially in making reports on borrowing and returning medical records. The result of this research is an information system for borrowing and returning medical record files at Muhammadiyah Hospital Bandung.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Retensi Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Menggunakan Visual Studio 2010 di Rumah Sakit Jasa Kartini Tasikmalaya

The hospital is a place to organize health efforts, namely every activity to maintain and improve health and aims to realize optimal levels of health for the community. This study aims to design an information system for inpatient medical record retention using Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 at the Jasa Kartini Hospital, Tasikmalaya. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are using observation, interviews and literature studies related to the subject matter of the research. As for the software development method using the waterfall. Based on the research conducted, various problems were found, including the medical record files that had been retained were not well organized at the time of storage so that they were not sequentially according to the medical record number, the lack of storage racks so that the medical records were not well organized and the retention process was slow. Therefore, it is necessary to design a medical record retention information system in the form of an application. The system design method uses Flowmap, DFD (Data Flow Diagram) and ERD (Entity Relation Diagram) and is implemented with Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 programming language with Microsoft Access database. Testing is done using the black box with the results of each successful form according to the design procedure.

Software de gestión para pedigrí y producción de camélidos del Nuevo Mundo: Pacokipu y Llamakipu

Los registros genealógicos y productivos son el pilar importante dentro de los programas de mejora genética y genómica, donde la diversidad de datos que pueden colectarse debe ser sistematizada y relacionada, para llevar un análisis estadístico adecuado considerando todos los factores que influencian a las variables. Por otro lado, las propuestas actuales no contemplan el registro total de la población, tanto de registros genealógicos como productivos, además que no existe un software que permita sistematizar, ordenar y proveer información objetiva y medible en forma ordenada dentro del manejo de los camélidos domésticos. Por ello se planteó la construcción de un aplicativo informático que permita el recojo de los registros genealógicos y productivos de toda la población tanto de alpacas como de llamas dentro de los rebaños. Como resultado se construyó el aplicativo informático denominado “Pacokipu” y “Llamakipu” para alpacas y llamas, respectivamente, los cuales fueron construidos sobre la base de Microsoft Access, con dos lenguajes de programación, el primero con Macros de Microsoft Access y Visual Basic para Aplicativos (VBA) y el segundo con lenguaje Structured Query Language (SQL). El aplicativo utiliza tres elementos donde almacena y ordena la información de los registros en 23 tablas, 29 consultas y 93 formularios. El diseño del aplicativo informático permite un manejo amigable a cualquier centro de producción de camélidos domésticos, convirtiéndose en una herramienta para la gestión y administración de los animales dentro del rebaño y a la vez como un software para sistematizar la información colectada tanto de registros genealógicos como productivos, para ser usados dentro de los programas de mejora genética y genómica en alpacas y llamas.

Design Of Tracer Using Microsoft Access Unit In Medical Record Primary Health In Padang

Microsoft Access (also known as Access) is an application used to process databases. The implementation of storage at the Primary Health Center is still manual if the patient's medical record file is not found on the storage shelf, the officer will make a temporary file which will cause the accumulation of files on the shelf. There is still a misplaced medical record file (Missfile) due to the absence of a tracer being stored as a control for releasing medical record files and borrowing medical record files. The purpose of this research is how to design a tracer using Microsoft Access in the medical record unit at Primary Health Center, Padang. This research is about designing a tracer in the medical record unit at Primary Health Center in Padang. This type of research is Research and Development, conducting in-depth interviews, observation, and testing at the storage area and interviews with 1 head of administration, 1 head of medical records, and 2 storage officers. This research was conducted from 25 July to 2 August 2019 at Padang Primary Health Center. Based on the research results, it was found that the identification of tracer data elements in a computerized manner was more complete in implementing the application by developing the UML (Unified Modeling Language) method, namely by using use case diagrams and activity diagrams, as well as data flow diagrams. Efficiency is obtained by means of manually, 1 and computerized 3.5 so that the tracer efficiency is more computerized while the effectiveness is in accordance with what the officers expect. The conclusion in this study found that the officers were satisfied and the application was as expected because it was easy to use. Judging from the test results, this tracer application can be used, seen from the expectations and satisfaction of the officers, the data is appropriate and can improve performance, effectiveness, and efficiency in service. Therefore, the researchers hope that this application can be implemented in services and developed again in the future.

Evidence on the effectiveness of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) as a survey tool for North American terrestrial, vertebrate animals: a systematic map protocol

Background Small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) are replacing or supplementing manned aircraft and ground-based surveys in many animal monitoring situations due to better coverage at finer spatial and temporal resolutions, access, cost, bias, impacts, safety, efficiency, and logistical benefits. Various sUAS models and sensors are available with varying features and usefulness depending on survey goals. However, justification for selection of sUAS and sensors are not typically offered in published literature and existing reviews do not adequately cover past and current sUAS applications for animal monitoring nor their associated sUAS model and sensor technologies, taxonomic and geographic scope, flight conditions and considerations, spatial distributions of sUAS applications, and reported technical difficulties. We outline a systematic map protocol to collect and consolidate evidence pertaining to sUAS monitoring of animals. Our systematic map will provide a useful synthesis of current applications of sUAS-animal related studies and identify major knowledge clusters (well-represented subtopics that are amenable to full synthesis by a systematic review) and gaps (unreported or underrepresented topics that warrant additional primary research) that may influence future research directions and sUAS applications. Methods Our systematic map will investigate the current state of knowledge using an accurate, comprehensive, and repeatable search. We will find relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature as well as dissertations and theses using online publication databases, Google Scholar, and by request through a professional network of collaborators and publicly available websites. We will use a tiered approach to article exclusion with eligible studies being those that monitor (i.e., identify, count, estimate, etc.) terrestrial vertebrate animals. Extracted data concerning sUAS, sensors, animals, methodology, and results will be recorded in Microsoft Access. We will query and catalogue evidence in the final database to produce tables, figures, and geographic maps to accompany a full narrative review that answers our primary and secondary questions.