Study on Production Design with the Evolution of Manufacturers' Sustainable Product Development Behavior in Remanufacturing
The remanufacturability of product mainly depends on product design and development strategy. Good design will use environmentally favorable materials and produce products with high remanufacturability. But now, most products are designed without considering the recycling and remanufacturing process. It is necessary to study manufacturers product design behavior to find measures to encourage the adoption of remanufacturing techniques including product design methods, the Finite Element Method of bonded strength, failure mechanism of materials, surface engineering techniques and so on. Sustainable product design and development behavior of manufacturer population in remanufacturing was studied. An evolutionary game model with government subsidies was set up. And the evolutionary stable strategies were analyzed under different ranges of values of relative parameters. The results indicated that government subsidies were essential to make manufacturers develop sustainable product and large subsidies always worked well. Especially the results showed that small subsidies also worked under certain conditions, which including the initial state of manufacturer population and the relationship of government subsidies and manufacturers revenues under different product development strategies.