Energy Balance Analysis on the Slow Pyrolysis Process of Cattle Manure

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Zi Fu Li ◽  
Yao Zhong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Process Energy ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Energy Balances

Energy balances are increasingly used to assess the energy efficiency and productivity of production. In this study, energy balances for the slow pyrolysis process of cow manure were calculated. The results show that, for cow manure dry matter, all the recovered energy value from the pyrolysis process products is about 12 times of the energy needs for the dry matters pyrolysis process. But the moisture has a noteworthy impact on the energy efficiency. When the input moisture is 60.85%, the recovered energy value from all products is approximately equal to the process energy consumption, and if only using non-condensable gases (NCG) as the energy resource, the input moisture should lower than 36.63%. Meanwhile, if the vapor could be separated in the beginning phase of pyrolysis process, the energy efficiency will be greatly improved, e.g. if removed all water vapor out the system at 423K, the former two data could be 71.43% and 48.18%, which is 10.58% and 11.45% higher than the process without vapor separation handling.

Characterization of human manure-derived biochar and energy-balance analysis of slow pyrolysis process

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1619-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Zifu Li ◽  
Yaozhong Zhang ◽  
Rui Feng ◽  
Ibrahim Babatunde Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Energy Balance Analysis

Micro Scale Slow-Pyrolysis Rotary Kiln for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste: Design and Construction of a Reactor Test Bench

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fantozzi ◽  
Umberto Desideri
Keyword(s):  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Energy Balances

Slow pyrolysis of waste and biomass may represent an interesting solution for renewable energy conversion in highly regenerative Gas Turbine (GT) or Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) based power cycles. The combined production of a medium LHV gas to fuel the GT or the ICE and of a high LHV byproduct (tar and/or char) that may contribute to maintain the pyrolysis process, makes pyrolysis highly competitive when compared to gasification. Nevertheless few simulations of such integrated plants are available in literature also because of the lack of general and robust modeling tools for the pyrolysis process. A pilot scale rotary kiln pyrolyzer was built at the University of Perugia to investigate the main benefits and drawbacks of the technology. The pyrolyzer will provide the experimental data that are necessary both to evaluate mass and energy balances, and to support the pyrolysis simulation activity that the authors are carrying out. Namely the test rig will provide, for each given quantity and composition of the biomass or waste in input, the gas, char and tar yields and compositions and the energy provided to maintain the process. This paper describes the main features and operational possibilities of the plant.

Fiber energy efficiency Part I: Extended entropy model

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Karlström ◽  
Karin Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Entropy Model ◽  
Refining Zone ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
Flat Zone

Abstract This is the first in a series of papers presenting the development of a comprehensive multiscale model with focus on fiber energy efficiency in thermo mechanical pulp processes. The fiber energy efficiency is related to the defibration and fibrillation work obtained when fibers and fiber bundles interact with the refining bars. The fiber energy efficiency differs from the total refining energy efficiency which includes the thermodynamical work as well. Extracting defibration and fibrillation work along the radius in the refining zone gives information valuable for fiber development studies.Models for this process must handle physical variables as well as machine specific parameters at different scales. To span the material and energy balances, spatial measurements from the refining zone must be available. In this paper, measurements of temperature profile and plate gaps from a full-scale CD-refiner are considered as model inputs together with a number of process variables. This enables the distributed consistency in the refining zone as well as the split of the total work between the flat zone and the CD-zone to be derived. As the temperature profile and the plate gap are available in the flat zone and the CD-zone at different process conditions it is also shown that the distributed pulp dynamic viscosity can be obtained. This is normally unknown in refining processes but certainly useful for all fluid dynamic models describing the bar-to-fiber interactions. Finally, it is shown that the inclusion of the machine parameters will be vital to get good estimates of the refining conditions and especially the split between the thermodynamical work and the defibration/fibrillation work.

Influence of basic parameters of metal cutting with a gas laser on process energy efficiency

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Karasev ◽  
Mikhail G. Galushkin ◽  
Vladimir S. Golubev ◽  
Vladislav Y. Panchenko ◽  
Elena O. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Gas Laser ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Process Energy

Simulation of Combustion and Thermal-Flow Inside a Petroleum Coke Rotary Calcining Kiln: Part 1—Process Review and Modeling

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexuan Zhang ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Petroleum Coke ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Thermal Flow ◽  
Moisture Evaporation ◽  
Important Material ◽  
Coke Fines ◽  
Carbon Anodes

Calcined coke is an important material for making carbon anodes for smelting of alumina to aluminum. Calcining is an energy intensive industry and a significant amount of heat is wasted in the calcining process. Efficiently managing this energy resource is tied to the profit margin and survivability of a calcining plant. To help improve the energy efficiency of the calcining process, a 3-D computational model is developed to gain insight of the thermal-flow and combustion behavior in the calciner. Comprehensive models are employed to simulate the moving petcoke bed with moisture evaporation, devolatilization, and coke fines combustion with a conjugate radiation-convection-conduction calculation.

scholarly journals Using models of energy consumption from influencing factors to assess the current state and energy efficiency forecasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Deniz Moroz ◽  
Nadzeya Hruntovich ◽  
Aliaksei Kapanski ◽  
Yauhen Shenets ◽  
Mikhail Malashanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Production Program ◽  
Current State ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A complex of tasks that can be solved using mathematical models of the dependence of consumed energy resources on influencing factors are considered in the article. The main type of model for industrial consumers with a simple relationship between energy and technology, is the one-factor model “consumed energy resource-volume of output”. For industrial consumers with a complex relationship between energy and technology, the mathematical model of the dependence of energy resources on technology is determined by several factors. Methods for assessing the current state of energy efficiency, as well as predicting it for the future in the context of the introduction of energy saving measures and changes in the production program were proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of potential improvements to coking process energy efficiency as a consequence of implementing a coal blend pre-drying operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-165
Author(s):  
Piotr Żarczyński ◽  
Andrzej Strugała ◽  
Aleksander Sobolewski ◽  
Wojciech Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Coal Blend ◽  
Process Energy

Streszczenie Polityka zrównoważonego rozwoju, wzrost świadomości społeczeństw oraz wynikające stąd ambitne cele w zakresie polityki energetycznej w Unii Europejskiej z jednej strony zmuszają, a z drugiej inspirują przed- siębiorstwa do poprawiania sprawności energetycznej stosowanych technologii. Przemysł koksowniczy w Polsce i całej Europie także poszukuje dróg optymalnego rozwoju technologicznego, pozwalającego na poprawę efek- tywności energetycznej, a przez to także zwiększenia rentowności przedsiębiorstwa. Koksownictwo krajowe poszukuje również technologii pozwalających w jeszcze większym stopniu na korzystanie z krajowych zasobów węgli, a przez to z renty geograficznej (Ozga-Blaschke 2012; Kasztelewicz 2012). Jednym z bardziej atrakcyjnych kierunków rozwoju dla polskich koksowni, spełniającym łącznie wszystkie te postulaty, jest wdrożenie operacji podsuszania wsadu. Skojarzenie tej technologii z instalacją suchego chłodzenia koksu sprawia, że obie te technologie stosowane łącznie znacznie podnoszą sprawność energetyczną procesu koksowania, a jednostkowe zużycie gazu koksowniczego może spaść o 12,6%. W artykule przeprowadzono analizę wyników w zakresie poprawy efektywności energetycznej procesu koksowania po wdrożeniu operacji podsuszania wsadu niezależnie oraz w skojarzeniu z instalacją suchego chłodzenia koksu. W pierwszym rozważanym przypadku możliwe jest ograniczenie zużycia ciepła koksowania o 2,8%. Natomiast skojarzenie tych dwóch technologii, poza innymi pozytywnymi efektami, znacząco zwiększa skalę oszczędności do 12,6%. Całkowite ciepło potrzebne dla skok- sowania wsadu wynoszące 2600 MJ/t wsadu wilgotnego, zmniejsza się do 2527,5 MJ/t wsadu wilgotnego w przypadku wdrożenia operacji podsuszania samoistnie, a w przypadku skojarzenia tej instalacji z technologią suchego chłodzenia koksu do 2273,6 MJ/t wsadu wilgotnego. Skojarzenie obu tych technologii zdaje się być szczególnie atrakcyjne w aspekcie energetycznym ponieważ pozwala wykorzystać entalpię fizyczną gorącego koksu z bardzo wysoką sprawnością. W końcowej części przedstawiono porównanie podstawowych parametrów energetycznych procesu koksowania dla różnych układów technologicznych, obejmujących podsuszanie wsadu i/lub suche chłodzenie koksu.

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