Material Properties in Advances in Organic Fertilizer

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Yu ◽  
Fei Peng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Crop Resistance ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Organic fertilizer is an important material to improve soil physical and chemical properties , to improve soil fertility , crop yield and quality and enhancing crop resistance has a very important role . In recent years, the proportion of organic fertilizer for the Chinese fertilizer gradually decreased reality introduces the connotation and type of organic fertilizer , discusses the following issues: (1) organic fertilizer on soil fertility , including soil nutrients ( nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements) , soil organic matter and structure , soil enzyme activity ; (2) the role of organic fertilizer to improve crop yield, quality and disease resistance . At the same time , pointed out the remaining organic fertilizer application in question , and the future development were discussed .

Transportation pathways of pesticides in two major watersheds of Istanbul, Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yazgan ◽  
A. Tanik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Consumption Values ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study covers the investigation of pesticides in terms of consumption, toxicological classification and various intrinsic physical and chemical properties like DT50, KOC, GUS, solubility that describe the important mechanisms prevailing in soil, namely persistence and mobility. These mechanisms help to estimate the transportation pathways of pesticides on soil till they reach the receiving water after being applied on land. Classification is done in three groups, those likely to appear in surface flow, those that appear in groundwater and those that present transient conditions. Such an approach that also takes into account toxicological levels and annual consumption values of pesticides will act as a tool to prepare the priority list of pesticides that need special care during their transportation. The fate of pesticides is a difficult task to solve, however, such a methodology, puts forth a rough estimate on their behavior in spite of uncertainties in many of the parameters describing mechanisms like persistence and mobility. The agricultural areas of two watersheds of Istanbul are selected as target areas to describe the approach, which is also checked with another approach estimating pesticide pollution potential that considers various other properties of pesticides. Almost similar findings are depicted with 85% proximity. The methodology presented in the paper illustrates and emphasizes the significant role of pesticide properties in determining their fate in soil after being applied.

Di-imide: Some Physical and Chemical Properties, and the Kinetics and Stoichiometry of the Gas-phase Decomposition

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (21) ◽  
pp. 3605-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Willis ◽  
R. A. Back
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Text Formation ◽  
Kinetics Of

Preparation of di-imide by passing hydrazine vapor through a microwave discharge yields mixtures with NH3 containing typically about 15% N2H2, estimated from the gases evolved on decomposition. The behavior of the mixture (which melts at −65 °C) on warming from −196 to −30 °C suggests a strong interaction between the components. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility and e.p.r. experiments showed that N2H2 is not strongly paramagnetic, which with other observations points to a singlet rather than a triplet ground-state.Di-imide can be vaporized efficiently, together with NH3, by rapid warming, and the vapor is surprisingly long-lived, with a typical half-life of several minutes at room temperature. The near-u.v. (3200–4400 Å) absorption spectrum of the vapor was photographed; it shows well-defined but diffuse bands, with εmax = 6(± 3) at 3450 Å.Di-imide decomposes at room temperature in two ways:[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Formation of NH3 was not observed but cannot be ruled out. The decomposition of the vapor is complicated by a sizeable and variable decomposition that occurs rapidly during the vaporization. The stoichiometry of this and the vapor-phase decomposition depends on total pressure and di-imide concentration. The kinetics of the decomposition of the vapor were studied from 22 to 200 °C by following the disappearance of N2H2 by absorption of light at 3450 Å, or the formation of N2H4 by absorption at 2400 Å, and by mass spectrometry. The kinetics are complex and can be either first- or second-order, or mixed, depending on surface conditions. The effect of olefin additives on the decomposition was studied, and is also complex.Mechanisms for the decomposition are discussed, including the possible role of trans-cis isomerization. The relatively long lifetime found for di-imide in the gas phase suggests that it may be an important intermediate in many reactions of hydronitrogen systems.

scholarly journals Cashew Growth and Canopy Dynamics as Influenced by Manuring in a Guinea Savanna Agro-Ecology of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Beatrice Abanum Nduka ◽  
Olorunfemi Sunday Ojo Akanbi ◽  
Idrisu Mohammed ◽  
Seun Adewale Adeosun ◽  
Osasogie Ugioro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Status ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A two-year experiment was conducted to study the response of manuring on growth and canopy development on three-year-old Cashew trees. The experiment was laid in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. Soil characteristics including the chemical and physical properties were analyzed before and after the experiments. Fecti-plus organic pelletized fertilizer was applied at different rates of 0,750.6 and 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 respectively around the circumference of the tree. Before the application, the fertilizer sample was also analyzed. Data collected were plant height, stem girth, canopy dynamics which includes: Canopy diameter, canopy radius, canopy spread (North-South and East-West directions), canopy volume, canopy ground cover and percentage ground cover. The results from the pre soil sample show a relatively low status but were significantly enhanced after the application of the pelletized organic fertilizer (Ferti-plus). The soil nutrient composition of Oc, Om, N, K, Na, Ca and Mg+ was significantly highest in the plots having 1,501.2 kg/ha-1 treatments. Generally, there was a significant increase in the soil nutrient with the addition of pelletized fertilizer in respective of the rate of application. Also the results on the canopy dynamic in terms of canopy volume, spread and diameter revealed better development with the use of 1501.2 kg/ha-1 pelletized fertilizer and significantly different to 750.6 kg/ha-1 and those in the no-manure (control)plots. Meanwhile, the use of pelletized organic fertilizer gave superior growth and canopy development. It also influenced the growth of the Cashew plants, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the soil status.

scholarly journals Organik Matter: It’s Role in Sustainable Farming of Sugarcane

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Djajadi Djajadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Sustainable Farming

<p class="Default">ABSTRACT</p><p class="Default">Organik matter has an important role in determining soil health of sugarcane, i.e. soil capacity to support sugarcane to produce sustainable high yield. Soil organic matter influences soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, so that a consequence of declining soil organic matter is poorer soil fertility and lower yield. This paper has an objective to elucidate the important role of organic matter on sustainable farming of sugarcane. The important role of organic matter in soil fertility has been known for a long time before Green Revolution concept was introduced. With more intensity in sugarcane farming and more increasing of sugar demand, application of organic fertilizer started to be substituted by chemical fertilizer. Using green manure and/or biofertilizer has a chance to be spread out to the farmers due to more practical and more efficient than solid organik fertilizer, such as dung manure or compost. Future research should be focusing on the efectivity of green manure and or biofertilzer sources in improving soil fertility and cane yield, minimizing soil pathogen, reducing soil erosion of sugar cane land monoculture, and improving awareness of farmers about soil degradation as consequences of sugarcane monoculture planting for years.</p><p class="Default">Keywords: Organic matter, sugarcane, soil health sustainable farming</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default"><strong>Bahan Organik: Peranannya dalam Budidaya Tebu Berkelanjutan</strong></p><p class="Default">ABSTRAK</p><p class="Default">Bahan organik tanah berperan penting dalam menentukan kesehatan tanah tebu, yaitu kapasitas tanah yang dapat mendukung produksi tebu yang tinggi secara berkelanjutan. Kadar bahan organik tanah mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Paper ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan tentang peranan bahan organik dalam memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah pertanaman tebu. Pentingnya peran bahan oganik tersebut sudah disadari dari dulu, sehingga sebelum revolusi hijau penggunaan pupuk organik sudah umum dilakukan petani. Dengan semakin intensifnya budidaya tebu dan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan gula, pemanfaatan pupuk organik sudah jarang dilakukan. Diperlukan usaha untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kadar bahan organik pada lahan tebu, antara lain berupa gerakan masal dalam bentuk gerakan nasional melalui program aplikasi bahan organik. Pemanfaatan pupuk hijau dan/atau pupuk hayati berpeluang untuk diterapkan karena lebih praktis dan efisien daripada penambahan pupuk organik padat. Penelitian ke depan perlu difokuskan untuk mengkaji jenis-jenis pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati yang efektif memperbaiki kesuburan, dalam menekan serangan penyakit, meminimalkan erosi pada lahan-lahan tebu monokultur, dan meningkatkan kesadaran petani tebu tentang terjadinya degradasi lahan akibat penanaman tebu yang terus menerus.</p><p class="Default">Kata kunci: Bahan organik, tebu, kesehatan tanah, budidaya berkelanjutan</p><p class="Default"> </p>

Air

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-177
Author(s):  
John Evans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

The chemical properties of the volatile elements in groups 15 to 18 are outlined, showing how the the periodicicty of the properties of the elements shapes their chemistry. The manufacture of hydrogen and chlorine is described, showing how mercury-free methods have been developed for the latter. The effect of the formation of atmospheric CO2 on atmospheric oxygen content is explained in terms of dissolution in the oceans. Remediation of the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines by catalysts to remove CO2, NOx and carbonaceous particulates is explained. Options for carbon capture and storage by physical and chemical processes are evaluated, and examples provided of these processes in operation. Exploitation of the atmosphere for energy capture using wind turbines has been aided by the development of high performance magnets. The basis of these magnets and the role of rare earth elements is explained.

scholarly journals Short Rotation Eucalypts: Opportunities for Biochar

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Rockwood ◽  
Martin F. Ellis ◽  
Ruliang Liu ◽  
Fengliang Zhao ◽  
Puhui Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Short Rotation Woody Crops ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tree Leaf ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Eucalypts can be very productive when intensively grown as short rotation woody crops (SRWC) for bioproducts. In Florida, USA, a fertilized, herbicided, and irrigated cultivar planted at 2471 trees/ha could produce over 58 green mt/ha/year in 3.7 years, and at 2071 trees/ha, its net present value (NPV) exceeded $750/ha at a 6% discount rate and stumpage price of $11.02/green mt. The same cultivar grown less intensively at three planting densities had the highest stand basal area at the highest density through 41 months, although individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was the smallest. In combination with an organic fertilizer, biochar improved soil properties, tree leaf nutrients, and tree growth within 11 months of application. Biochar produced from Eucalyptus and other species is a useful soil amendment that, especially in combination with an organic fertilizer, could improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase nutrient availability to enhance Eucalyptus tree nutrition and growth on sandy soils. Eucalypts produce numerous naturally occurring bioproducts and are suitable feedstocks for many other biochemically or thermochemically derived bioproducts that could enhance the value of SRWCs.

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