Development and Validation of the Kinematic Analysis of a Low Low-Cost 4-Link Robot

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 626-635
Author(s):  
O. Olatunbosun Ajayi ◽  
E. Okafor Onyemaechi ◽  
Onwudiwe Obumneme
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Robot Control ◽  
Third World ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Development And Validation

In this paper, we describe the development and validation of the kinematic analysis of a low low-cost 4-link robot the first of its kind in Nigeria. This study comprises the following key tasks which describe the methodology for the robot development: design and kinematic analysis of the robot mechanism, construction/fabrication and assembly of the robot, system development (computer interface with the robot) and experimental validation of the robot control. The goal of this robot is to pick an object and drop the object in a specified position. The algorithm to control the robot on the computer was coded in Java and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink platform. The robot was experimentally verified and the results are presented in this paper. The experimental results show that robot development is feasible in Nigeria. The contribution of this study will enhance and promote robot control and development in Nigeria and developing third world countries.

Developing an Inkjet Printer I: RGB Image to CMY Ink Amounts - Image Processing and Color Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 350-1-350-10
Author(s):  
Yin Wang ◽  
Baekdu Choi ◽  
Davi He ◽  
Zillion Lin ◽  
George Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Finger Nail ◽  
Inkjet Printer ◽  
Rgb Image ◽  
Novel Algorithm

In this paper, we will introduce a novel low-cost, small size, portable nail printer. The usage of this system is to print any desired pattern on a finger nail in just a few minutes. The detailed pre-processing procedures will be described in this paper. These include image processing to find the correct printing zone, and color management to match the patterns’ color. In each phase, a novel algorithm will be introduced to refine the result. The paper will state the mathematical principles behind each phase, and show the experimental results, which illustrate the algorithms’ capabilities to handle the task.

Development and Validation of an Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Method for the Quantification of Cefepime Hydrochloride in Powder for Injectable Solution Using Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-464
Author(s):  
Danilo F. Rodrigues ◽  
Hérida R.N. Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Potassium Bromide ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Injectable Formulation ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Lactam Ring ◽  
Development And Validation

Background: A simple, eco-friendly and low-cost Infrared (IR) method was developed and validated for the analysis of Cefepime Hydrochloride (CEF) in injectable formulation. Different from some other methods, which employ organic solvents in the analyses, this technique does not use these types of solvents, removing large impacts on the environment and risks to operators. Objective: This study aimed at developing and validating a green analytical method using IR spectroscopy for the determination of CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods: The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and the quantification of CEF was performed in the spectral region absorbed at 1815-1745 cm-1 (stretching of the carbonyl group of β- lactam ring). Results: The validated method showed to be linear (r = 0.9999) in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mg/pellet of potassium bromide, as well as for the parameters of selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness and Limits of Detection (LOD) and Quantification (LOQ), being able to quantify the CEF in pharmaceutical preparations. The CEF content obtained by the IR method was 103.86%. Conclusion: Thus, the method developed may be an alternative in the quality control of CEF sample in lyophilized powder for injectable solution, as it presented important characteristics in the determination of the pharmaceutical products, with low analysis time and a decrease in the generation of toxic wastes to the environment.

A Novel Approach With Bayesian Networks to Multi-Robot Task Allocation in Dynamic Environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wei Chuang ◽  
Harry H. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Robot Systems ◽  
Robot Task ◽  
Multi Robot

Abstract In the modern world, building an autonomous multi-robot system is essential to coordinate and control robots to help humans because using several low-cost robots becomes more robust and efficient than using one expensive, powerful robot to execute tasks to achieve the overall goal of a mission. One research area, multi-robot task allocation (MRTA), becomes substantial in a multi-robot system. Assigning suitable tasks to suitable robots is crucial in coordination, which may directly influence the result of a mission. In the past few decades, although numerous researchers have addressed various algorithms or approaches to solve MRTA problems in different multi-robot systems, it is still difficult to overcome certain challenges, such as dynamic environments, changeable task information, miscellaneous robot abilities, the dynamic condition of a robot, or uncertainties from sensors or actuators. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to handle MRTA problems with Bayesian Networks (BNs) under these challenging circumstances. Our experiments exhibit that the proposed approach may effectively solve real problems in a search-and-rescue mission in centralized, decentralized, and distributed multi-robot systems with real, low-cost robots in dynamic environments. In the future, we will demonstrate that our approach is trainable and can be utilized in a large-scale, complicated environment. Researchers might be able to apply our approach to other applications to explore its extensibility.

A Robust Low-Cost EEG Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivanthan A.C. Yohanandan ◽  
Isabell Kiral-Kornek ◽  
Jianbin Tang ◽  
Benjamin S. Mshford ◽  
Umar Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Interface

The Designing of Data Acquisition Card through PIC18F4550 and an Interface Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 752-753 ◽  
pp. 1191-1197
Author(s):  
Hakan Terzioğlu ◽  
Saadetdin Herdem ◽  
Güngör Bal
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Application System ◽  
Microsoft Access ◽  
Oscilloscope Screen ◽  
Data Acquisition Card ◽  
Interface Screen ◽  
Access Program ◽  
Interface Study

Since automatic control is used in every field, there is almost no industrial application system which doesn’t employ the sensors. It makes correctly reading the data obtained from sensors in the system with sensors and transmitting this data into the computer more important. In this executed study, a design for an interface which can be easily used with a low cost data processing card and with flexible structure was performed. In the executed system, the PIC18F4550 microcontroller was used and data can be accurately read from 10 different channels. The data read from the designed data acquisition card was transferred into a computer interface program prepared in C# program using a USB and recorded into the database in the Microsoft Access program. The designed interface, the values of read signals and their graphs may be displayed on the screen. Thus, the interface screen may be used as both an indicator and oscilloscope screen.

The Persistence of Subsistence and the Limits to Development Studies: The Challenge of Tanzania

Africa ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Waters
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Third World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
System Development ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
World System ◽  
Development Studies ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Rural Tanzania

AbstractThere are two general approaches to assessing what is known as ‘development’. First, there are classical accounts focusing on Europe's development during the industrial revolution. They describe how urban areas expanded at the expense of the social and economic resources of the rural areas, disrupting an independent subsistence peasantry. A major consequence is that today all Europeans are dependent socially, politically, and economically on the modern capitalist system. The second (more common) approach to development focuses on the modern Third World. This approach assumes that, as with Europe, the entire Third World is dependent on the modern capitalist system. Development studies focus on the assessment of how Third World countries can most effectively engage world capitalism. Discussion is typically reduced to comparisons between world systems theory and neoclassical economics. The Tanzanian government has used standard policies grounded in neoclassical and world‐system assumptions since independence. But both policies failed to produce the predicted economic growth. This article argues that both policies failed because the Tanzanian peasantry, like the early modern European peasantry, is not dependent on the operation of world capitalism for basic subsistence. In fact, as studies have shown, rural Tanzania is only weakly incorporated into the capitalist world system, and in consequence has not been an easy target for what world‐system theorists call ‘peripheral integration’. What makes Tanzania different is the fact that the rural peasantry do not use market mechanisms in the distribution of the ‘means of production’, especially arable land for swidden agriculture, or, for that matter, labour or cattle.

Brain.me: A Low-Cost Brain Computer Interface for AAL Applications

2014 ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Niccolò Mora ◽  
V. Bianchi ◽  
I. De Munari ◽  
P. Ciampolini
Keyword(s):  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Computer Interface
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