The Synthesis and Structure of Anodized Titania Nanotubes for Energy Conversion Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1105 ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinnatha Vongwatthaporn ◽  
Narongsak Kodtharin ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Conversion Materials ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Anodization Method

Titania nanotubes (TiO2NTs) photoanodes were synthesized by anodization method. The electrolytes were the mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3 wt % NH4F) and deionized water (2 Vol % H2O) with different concentrations of dopant Fe (NO3)3∙9H2O. A constant dc power supply at 50 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. The resultant products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their microstructure when TiO2NTs were doped with different amounts of Fe atoms. The diameters of TiO2NTs were about60-120 nm. The highest density of TiO2NTs was obtained when the nanotubes were doped with 0.01 M of Fe.

Synthesis and Structure of Titania Nanotubes For Hydrogen Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangworn Wantawee ◽  
Pacharee Krongkitsiri ◽  
Tippawan Saipin ◽  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Anodic Voltage

Titania nanotubes (TiO2NTs) working electrodes for hydrogen production by photoelectrocatalytic water splitting were synthesized by means of anodization method. The electrolytes were the mixtures of oxalic acid (H2C2O4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and sodium sulphate (VI) (Na2SO4) with different pHs. A constant dc power supply at 20 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hrs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterized TiO2NTs microstructure. TiO2NTs with diameter of 100 nm were obtained when pH 3 electrolyte consisting of 0.08 M oxalic acid, 0.5 wt% NH4F, and 1.0 wt% Na2SO4was used. Without external applied potential, the maximum photocurrent density was 2.8 mA/cm2under illumination of 100 mW/cm2. Hydrogen was generated at an overall photoconversion efficiency of 3.4 %.

Preparation and Microstructure of Titania (TiO2) Nanotube Arrays by Anodization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Pacharee Krongkitsiri ◽  
Saichol Pimmongkol ◽  
Sopon Budngam ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Anodization Process ◽  
Anodization Method

TiO2 nanotube arrays were successfully synthesized by the anodization method of Ti foils in electrolyte containing the mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3 wt % NH4F) and deionized water (2 Vol % H2O). A constant dc power supply at 50 V was used anodization process with different anodizing times. The resultant samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 h. TiO2 nanotube arrays were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The prepared TiO2 NTs has diameter in 50-200 nm. The minimum of diameter TiO2 nanotube arrays was approximately 50 nm for 1 h of anodization process.

Preparation and Properties of Cupper and Iron Doped TiO2 Nanotubes by Anodization Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Somkuan Photharin ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ordered Arrays ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Anodization Method

We have synthesized titania nanotubes by an anodization method. The anodization was carried out in a two-electrode configuration bath with Ti sheet as the anode and the Pt as the counter electrode. In this experiment, one face of the Ti foils was exposed to the electrolyte during anodization. The electrolytes were mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and deionized water (DI water) that contained of Cu and Fe dopants of 0.5 mM. The anodizing voltage was set to 50 V and the anodization was performed at room temperature for 2 h. The nanotubes were crystallized by annealing at 450°C for 2 h. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the prepared nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) respectively. The results show that titania nanotubes are anatase phase and the nanotubes are arranged in highly ordered arrays.

Synthesis and Characterization Anodized Titania Nanotubes for Enhancing Hydrogen Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinnatha Vongwatthaporn ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
Applied Potential ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Tio2 Nts ◽  
Doped Titania

Pure and doped Titania nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) photoanodes were fabricated by means of anodization method. The anodization was carried out in electrolytes prepared by mixing ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3 wt % NH4F) and deionized water (2 Vol % H2O) with different concentrations of dopant Fe (NO3)3∙9H2O. A constant dc power supply of 50 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. The resultant products were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine their microstructures when TiO2 NTs were doped with different amounts of Fe atoms. The diameters of TiO2 NTs were about 60-120 nm. The highest density of TiO2 NTs was obtained when the nanotubes were doped with 0.01 M of Fe. The photocatalytic activity was examined without external applied potential. The maximum photocurrent density was 3.0 mA/cm2 under illumination of 100 mW/cm2.

Effect of Preparation on Microstructure of Ag-Loaded TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Somkuan Photharin ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Titanium Foils ◽  
Anodization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have synthesyzed TiO2 nanotubes by an anodization method. The cathode was titanium (Ti) sheets and anode was platinum (Pt). The electrolytes were mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and deionized water (DI water). The anodizing voltage was set to 50 V and the process was carried out for 2 h. The titanium foils were anodized at room temperature. Then Ag nanoparticles were loaded in TiO2 nanotube arrays by immersed in 50 ml solutions containing of AgNO3 (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM) for 24 h. The morphology, structure, and optical properties of the prepared nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis) respectively. The structures of TiO2 nanotubes obtained from the nanotube arrays were crystallized by annealing at 450 °C for 2 h before immersed in solution and immersed in solution before crystallized by annealing are similar. When the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) increases, the TiO2 nanotube arrays cracked and are not well arranged.

Fabrication and Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 1131 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nyambod Timah ◽  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

TiO2nanotubes were successfully synthesized by anodization method of Ti foils. The electrolyte was composed of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (0.3%wt NH4F) and de-ionized water (2% vol H2O). A constant DC power supply of 50 V was used during anodization with anodizing times of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours and 6 hours. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. The TiO2nanotubes were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural analysis revealed the presence of pure Ti, and the crystalline anatase phase due to transformation of amorphous TiO2after annealing. The morphology of TiO2nanotube sizes showed an increase in tube diameter with anodizing time from approximately 50 nm to 200 nm. However, the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells increased with anodizing times up to a maximum of 5.74 % for anodizing time of 4 hours.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Photoelectrochemical Activity of TiO2 Nanotube Based Free Standing Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 2739-2742
Author(s):  
Misriyani ◽  
E.S. Kunarti
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anodization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) were synthesized and modified using the anodization method in a glycerol and ammonium fluoride solution, which was followed by a thermal treatment. The second anodisation was continued by increasing anodizing voltage to deposit a film on the surface of titanium, which resulted in a free standing membrane based on of TNTs. The nanotubes were further characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM result showed that the layer thickness of free standing membrane based on TNTs increased with an increase in the anodizing voltage; however, at high voltages, this layer was damaged. The XRD and FTIR results indicated the generation of TNT having an anatase crystal phase. The results of test for photoelectrochemical properties showed that the optimal conditions of anodizing voltage was 50 V maintained for 1 h.

scholarly journals Properties and Analysis of Transparency Conducting AZO Films by Using DC Power and RF Power Simultaneous Magnetron Sputtering

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng-Fu Shih ◽  
Jin-Zhou Chen ◽  
Yeu-Long Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Incident Light ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Incident Light Wavelength ◽  
Significant Blue Shift ◽  
Sputtering System

DC power and RF power were introduced into the magnetic controlled sputtering system simultaneously to deposit AZO films in order to get an acceptable deposition rate with high quality transparency conducting thin film. The resistivity decreases with the RF power for the as-deposited samples. The resistivity of 6 × 10−4 Ω-cm and 3.5–4.5 × 10−4 Ω-cm is obtained for the as-deposited sample, and for all annealed samples, respectively. The transmittance of the AZO films with higher substrate temperature is generally above 80% for the incident light wavelength within 400–800 nm. The transmittance of the as-deposited samples reveals a clear blue shift phenomenon. The AZO films present (002) oriented preference as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction curves. All AZO films reveal compressive stress. The annealing process improves the electrical property of AZO films. A significant blue shift phenomenon has been found, which may have a great application for electrode in solar cell.

The Effect of Preparation Temperature of Electrolytes on Undoped and Ag-Doped TiO2 Nanotube Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somkuan Photharin ◽  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Rinnatha Vongwatthaporn ◽  
Narongsak Kodtharin ◽  
Ramida Chaiyarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preparation Temperature ◽  
X Ray

In this work, we present the effect of preparation temperature of electrolytes for fabricating undoped and silver (Ag) doped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes by the electrochemical anodic oxidation of pure titanium sheets in electrolytes, mixtures of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F) and deionized water, that contain with different of silver ions. Heat treatment of electrolytes was carried out at 100 °C during preparation process. The morphology and structure of prepared nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The structures of TiO2 nanotubes obtained from heat treatment and non-heat treatment of electrolyte solutions and adding silver ions in electrolyte solution are similar. The nanotubes appear in arrays and the diameters of nanotubes were about 92 nm for non-heat treatment electrolyte solution and undoped TiO2 and about 102 nm for heat treatment electrolyte solution and all Ag-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays. When the concentration of silver nitrate (AgNO3) increases, the TiO2 nanotube arrays cracked and are not well arranged.

Etude structurale par diffraction des RX et spectroscopie IR des hydrates 10 et 8.4 Å de kaolinite

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 968-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jemai ◽  
A. Ben Haj Amara ◽  
J. Ben Brahim ◽  
A. Plançon
Keyword(s):  
Water Molecule ◽  
Octahedral Site ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tetrahedral Sheet ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Octahedral Sites ◽  
Sheet Structure

Two hydrated kaolinites, characterized by 10 and 8.4 Å basal distances, were synthesized by treating the kaolinite KGa-1 with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ammonium fluoride (NH4F). The X-ray diffraction study was based on a comparison between the experimental and calculated profiles. This study was conducted in two steps: firstly, the study of the 00lreflections enabled the determination of the stacking mode alongc*, the number of water molecules and their positions along the normal to the plane of the sheet structure; secondly, the study of thehkbands, withhand/ork≠ 0, enabled the determination of the stacking mode and the positions of the water molecules in the (a,b) plane. The 10 Å hydrated kaolinite is characterized by two water molecules per Al2Si2O5(OH)4unit, situated at 3 and 3.4 Å from the hydroxyl surface, over the octahedral sites. Two adjacent layers are translated with respect to each other, withT11= −0.38a− 0.37b+ 10n. The 8.4 Å hydrated kaolinite is characterized by one water molecule per Al2Si2O5(OH)4unit, situated at 2.4 Å from the hydroxyl surface and inserted between the vacant octahedral site and the ditrigonal cavity of the tetrahedral sheet. The corresponding interlayer shift isT11= −0.355a+ 0.35b+ 8.4n.

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