Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration by Microalgae Culture in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Medium

2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adibah Dayana Ahmad ◽  
Jailani Salihon ◽  
Ding Gong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Microalgae Culture ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The microalgae Chlorella sp. grows well in POME medium sparged with a mixture of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and air under 10,000 lx of lighting. The percentage of CO2 in the mixture, and the flow rate of the mixture (representing agitation) have important effects on the microalgae biomass yield. However, the percentage recovery of CO2 as microalgae biomass was very low in all cases, indicating that most of the sparged CO2 did not dissolve in the POME and was not sequestered by the microalgae but has in fact escaped with the bubbles into the head-space and out into the atmosphere. This result indicates that in order to increase the percentage of CO2 recovered, the area of improvement is mainly in the mass transfer of CO2 from the gas phase into the liquid phase. To ensure that dissolved CO2 does not re-form bubbles, the mass transfer has to be demand-driven, where the rate of uptake of dissolved CO2 by the microalgae has to be higher than the rate of mass transfer of CO2 from gas phase into the liquid medium.

Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomólka ◽  
B. Gomólka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Patent Claim ◽  
Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI LIMBAH PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME) MENGGUNAKAN BIOSENSOR BERBASIS ALGA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dina Maryani ◽  
Lazuardi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) merupakan limbah minyak kelapa sawit yang memiliki kadar Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) dan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) yang tinggi dan sehingga merusak ekosistem periairan serta menurunkan kadar oksigen terlarut (DO). Namun, POME memiliki nutrisi untuk sel alga dalam memproduksi oksigen. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diperlukan identifikasi POME yang jatuh kebadan air berdasarkan fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan biosensor. Biosensor telah banyak dikembangkan dalam aplikasi bidang lingkungan dengan melihat kadar oksigen terlarut sebagai kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini menggunakan biosensor dengan prinsip sensor amperometris  tipe Biochip-G. Sensor amperometris mengukur perubahan arus dari reaksi reduksi dan oksidasi dan menghasilkan potensial keluaran yang terukur. Potensial keluaran yang terukur merupakan kadar oksigen terlarut dari penambahan POME terhadap Chlorella sp. ketika proses fotosintesis terjadi. Identifikasi POME berdasarkan proses fotosintesis Chlorella sp. menggunakan cahaya artifisial LED Putih 380 nm-780 nm dengan tingkat variasi konsentrasi POME sebanyak 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Berdasarkan pengukuran kadar oksigen terlarut (DO) menghasilkan nilai DO sebesar 174.15%, 154.66%, dan 138.98% serta nilai sensitivitas sebesar 4mV/%POME.  

scholarly journals Do organic surface films on sea salt aerosols influence atmospheric chemistry? – a model study

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 5555-5567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Smoydzin ◽  
R. von Glasow
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Organic Coating ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosols

Abstract. Organic material from the ocean's surface can be incorporated into sea salt aerosol particles often producing a surface film on the aerosol. Such an organic coating can reduce the mass transfer between the gas phase and the aerosol phase influencing sea salt chemistry in the marine atmosphere. To investigate these effects and their importance for the marine boundary layer (MBL) we used the one-dimensional numerical model MISTRA. We considered the uncertainties regarding the magnitude of uptake reduction, the concentrations of organic compounds in sea salt aerosols and the oxidation rate of the organics to analyse the possible influence of organic surfactants on gas and liquid phase chemistry with a special focus on halogen chemistry. By assuming destruction rates for the organic coating based on laboratory measurements we get a rapid destruction of the organic monolayer within the first meters of the MBL. Larger organic initial concentrations lead to a longer lifetime of the coating but lead also to an unrealistically strong decrease of O3 concentrations as the organic film is destroyed by reaction with O3. The lifetime of the film is increased by assuming smaller reactive uptake coefficients for O3 or by assuming that a part of the organic surfactants react with OH. With regard to tropospheric chemistry we found that gas phase concentrations for chlorine and bromine species decreased due to the decreased mass transfer between gas phase and aerosol phase. Aqueous phase chlorine concentrations also decreased but aqueous phase bromine concentrations increased. Differences for gas phase concentrations are in general smaller than for liquid phase concentrations. The effect on gas phase NO2 or NO is very small (reduction less than 5%) whereas liquid phase NO2 concentrations increased in some cases by nearly 100%. We list suggestions for further laboratory studies which are needed for improved model studies.

Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Corrosion on N80 Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 311-314
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhong Fan ◽  
An Qi Tong ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Jun Feng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Corrosion ◽  
Large White ◽  
N80 Steel

The carbon dioxide corrosion on N80 steel was evaluated under the gas phase and the liquid phase. With the test temperature improved, the corrosion rate increases. Under the condition of gas phase, the corrosion peak is 0.2942mm/a when the temperature is 110°C and pressure is 24 MPa. Under the condition of liquid phase, the corrosion peak is 26.5325mm/a when the temperature is 50°C and pressure is 24 MPa. With the increase of CO2 partial pressure, the corrosion rate of N80 steel was falling. Microscopic analysis shows that the corrosion products of CO2 on N80 steel have a large white flocculent compounds and the corrosion surface have a lot of cracks and holes.

ABSORBSI H2S MENGGUNAKAN LARUTAN Fe-EDTA DALAM PACKED COLUMN

EKUILIBIUM ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Kwartiningsih ◽  
Arif Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Edta Solution

<p><strong><em>Abstract:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>Gas purification from the content of H<sub>2</sub>S using  Fe-EDTA (Iron Chelated Solution) gave  several advantages. The advantages were  the absorbent solution can be regenerated that means  a cheap operation cost,  the separated sulfur was a solid that is easy to handle and is save to be disposal to environment. This research was done by simulation and experimental. The simulation step was done by mathematical model arrangement representing the absorption process in packed column through mass transfer arrangement such as mass transfer equations and chemical reaction. The experimental step was done with the making of Fe-EDTA solution from FeCl<sub>2</sub> and EDTA. Then Fe-EDTA solution was flown in counter current packed column that was contacted with H<sub>2</sub>S in the methane gas. By comparing gas composition result of experiment and simulation, the value of mass transfer coefficient in gas phase ( k<sub>Ag</sub>a), mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase (k<sub>Al</sub>a) and the reaction rate constant ( k) were found. The values of mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase (k<sub>Al</sub>a) were lower than values of mass transfer coefficient in gas phase (k<sub>Ag</sub>a) and the reaction rate constant (k). It meant that H<sub>2</sub>S absorption  process using Fe-EDTA absorbent solution was determined by mass transfer process in liquid phase. The higher flow rate of absorbent, the higher value of mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase. </em><em>The smaller packing diameter, the higher value of mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase.From analysis of dimension, the relation of dimensionless number between Sherwood number and flow rate of absorbent, packing diameter was</em><strong></strong></p><p> <strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong><strong><em> </em></strong><em>chemical reaction, Fe-EDTA, H<sub>2</sub>S absorption, mass transfer</em></p>

Wet Scrubbing Removal of Methyl Mercaptan by Peroxymonosulfate under Acidic Condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2388-2391
Author(s):  
Shi Ying Yang ◽  
Lin Yu Feng ◽  
Mei Qing Huo ◽  
Yan Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Acidic Condition ◽  
Methyl Mercaptan ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rate Controlling Step

Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was used in wet scrubbing removal of odorous gas methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) under acidic condition (pH = 2) for the first time. Even though CH3SH can hardly dissociate as CH3S− under acidic solution (pKa = 10.3), quick oxidizing reaction may occur at the gas-liquid interface by PMS alone or Co2+ activated PMS oxidation. When the gas flow is 0.5 L min-1, PMS alone can remove 94% of 60 ppm/v CH3SH. The absorption of CH3SH is the rate controlling step of the removal process, however, quick oxidizing reaction with the dissolved CH3SH(aq) molecule could improve the mass transfer of CH3SH from the gas phase into the liquid phase.

scholarly journals Culturing of green photosynthetic microalgae (Chlorella sp.) using palm oil mill effluent (POME) for future biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nithin B. R. ◽  
Prakash Bhuyar ◽  
Marlen Trejo ◽  
Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim ◽  
Gaanty Pragas Maniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

Nowadays, the water pollution is leading issue due to palm oil mill effluent (POME), waste from palm oil production is a big problem to Malaysia which is largest palm oil producers. POME containing large amount of chemical oxygen demand (COD) which can cause severe pollution to the environment especially water. This present study designed for culturing green algae (Chlorella sp.) isolated from Pantai Balok, Kuantan which is most common microalgae with palm oil mill effluent (POME). Chlorella sp. was cultured using BG-11 medium with the addition of POME as experiment and without POME as control. The POME responsible for the growth of green algae is studied by measurement of the growth rate, total cell count and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for both conditions. The composition for control and experiment is also measured and determined by using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). From the results, it is observed that the total cell count and growth rate of Chlorella sp. greater in presence of POME since the green microalgae absorbs the essential nutrients from the POME as their nutrients. GCMS revealed that the difference in composition for both the conditions. Results concluded that several COD also vigorously deplete with the help of green algae digestion. Cultivation of Chlorella sp. in POME will help in future water pollution treatment.

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