Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilization Treatments on the Phosphorus Transference in an Aquatic Brown Paddy Soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Quan Lai Zhou ◽  
Mu Qiu Zhao ◽  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

This study investigated the effects of different rates of phosphorus application on vertical transference of P. An aquatic brown paddy soil was filled in organic glass columns using for the leaching experiments. The results indicated that significant vertical transference was found using change of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P. The transference distance was no more than 10cm when P application rate between 200 and 800 kg P ha-1, and was more than 10cm as P application rate above 800 kg P ha-1. We obtained the threshold value of Olsen-P was 53.7 mg kg-1 by split-line model, and calculated that the threshold value of P fertilizer application rate was 382.1 kg P ha-1 by relationship of soil Olsen-P concentration and P application rate. The soil P transference increased, if P application rate was above 382.1 kg P ha-1. It would be helpful for controlling the P fertilizer amount by field to decrease P loss.

scholarly journals Estimation of the P Fertilizer Demand of China Using the LePA Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjia Yu ◽  
Haigang Li ◽  
Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽  
Guohua Li ◽  
Torsten Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Fertilizer Demand ◽  
P Removal

Modern phosphate (P) fertilizers are sourced from P rock reserves, a finite and dwindling resource. Globally, China is the largest producer and consumer of P fertilizer and will deplete its domestic reserves within 80 years. It is necessary to avoid excess P input in agriculture through estimating P demand. We used the legacy P assessment model (LePA) to estimate P demand based on soil P management at the county, regional, and country scales according to six P application rate scenarios: (1) rate in 2012 maintained; (2) current rate maintained in low-P counties and P input stopped in high-P counties until critical Olsen-P level (CP) is reached, after which rate equals P-removal; (3) rate decreased to 1–1.5 kg ha−1 year−1 in low-P counties after CP is reached and in high-P counties; (4) rate in each county decreased to 1–8 kg ha−1 year−1 after soil Olsen-P reached CP in low P counties; (5) rate in each county was kept at P-removal rate after reduction; (6) P input was kept at the rate lower than P-offtake rate after reduction. The results showed that the total P fertilizer demand of China was 750 MT P2O5, 54% of P fertilizer can be saved from 2013 to 2080 in China, and soil Olsen-P of all counties can satisfy the demand for high crop yields. The greatest potential to decrease P input was in Yangtze Plain and South China, which reached 60%. Our results provide a firm basis to analyze the depletion of P reserves in other countries.

Effects of soil- and foliar-applied phosphorus fertilizers on the potato (Solanum tuberosum) crop

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. ALLISON ◽  
J. H. FOWLER ◽  
E. J. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Fertilizers

Twenty-two field experiments in England, done between 1986 and 2000, tested the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilizers on number of tubers and tuber yield in Solanum tuberosum. Applying P fertilizer resulted in statistically significant increases in tuber yield in six experiments and the optimal P application rate ranged from c. 90 to 180 kg P/ha. Statistically significant increases in yield in response to application of P fertilizers were found only in soils that contained < 26 mg Olsen-P/l (< Index 3) and appeared to be associated with increases in ground cover. Statistically significant increases in the number of tubers in response to application of P fertilizer were found only in soils that contained < 16 mg Olsen-P/l (< Index 2) and appeared to be associated with an increase in ground cover by the time of tuber initiation (c. 5–6 week after planting). Each tonne of tuber fresh-weight yield was, on average, associated with removal of 0·39 kg P but regression analysis showed that this value increased as soil Olsen-P increased. Re-analysis of published data showed that whilst the probability of a response to P fertilizer and the optimum P application rate may have been overestimated, some statistically significant responses to P fertilizer did occur when Olsen-P was > 26 mg/l. The absence of yield responses on P Index 3 soils found in the current experiments was attributed to increased use of irrigation that may have increased the availability of soil P. Re-interpretation of data from long-term experiments showed that the agronomic benefits of increasing soil P status by applying more P than is removed by harvested crop parts, are small. Since large P residues, estimated by Olsen-P or degree of soil P saturation, are associated with desorption of P and consequent loss to drainage water it is inadvisable to increase soil P above Index 3. For these reasons, no P fertilizer is recommended for Index 4 soils, an amount equivalent to replacement is recommended for Index 3 soils but up to 110–130 kg P/ha should be applied to Index 0 soils. Applications of foliar P had no effect on number of tubers or tuber yield and this practice cannot be recommended.

scholarly journals Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rates for Maize in the Northeast Plain of China for Sustainable Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4799
Author(s):  
Wenting Jiang ◽  
Xiaohu Liu ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Lihui Yang ◽  
Yuan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Rate ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

Optimizing the phosphorus (P) application rate can increase grain yield while reducing both cost and environmental impact. However, optimal P rates vary substantially when different targets such as maximum yield or maximum economic benefit are considered. The present study used field experiment conducted at 36 experiments sites for maize to determine the impact of P application levels on grain yield, plant P uptake, and P agronomy efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits and private profitability, and to evaluated the agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically (EOPR) optimal P rate at a regional scale. Four treatments were compared: No P fertilizer (P0); P rate of 45–60 kg ha−1 (LP); P rate of 90–120 kg ha−1 (MP); P rate of 135–180 kg ha−1 (HP). P application more effectively increased grain yield, reaching a peak at MP treatment. The plant P uptake in HP treatment was 37.4% higher than that in P0. The relationship between P uptake by plants (y) and P application rate (x) can be described by the equation y = −0.0003x2 + 0.1266x + 31.1 (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.01). Furthermore, grain yield (y) and plant P uptake (x) across all treatments also showed a significant polynomial function (R2 = 0.787–0.846). The MP treatment led to highest improvements in P agronomic efficiency (AEP), P-derived yield benefits (BY) and private profitability (BP) compared with those in other treatments. In addition, the average agronomically (AOPR), privately (POPR), and economically optimal P rate (EOPR) in 36 experimental sites were suggested as 127.9 kg ha−1, 110.8 kg ha−1, and 114.4 kg ha−1, which ranged from 80.6 to 211.3 kg ha−1, 78.2 to 181.8 kg ha−1, and 82.6 to 151.6 kg ha−1, respectively. Economically optimal P application (EOPR) can be recommended, because EOPR significantly reduced P application compared with AOPR, and average economically optimal yield was slightly higher compared with the average yield in the MP treatment. This study was conducive in providing a more productive, use-effective, profitable, environment-friendly P fertilizer management strategy for supporting maximized production potential and environment sustainable development.

Effects of long-term fertilizer phosphorus application on soil and crop phosphorus and cadmium contents

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. RICHARDS ◽  
C. J. CLAYTON ◽  
A. J. K. REEVE
Keyword(s):  
Application Rate ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil P ◽  
South West ◽  
P Balance ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
South West England

The effects of four rates of fertilizer phosphorus (P) application (0, 9·8, 19·6 and 39·2 kg P/ha per year) on soil and crop P and cadmium (Cd) contents were measured in a field trial begun in 1968 and cropped each year with barley in south west England. In 1996, available and total soil P and Cd were measured in seven soil layers (0–20, 20–25, 25–30, 30–35, 35–40, 40–45 and 45–50 cm). Offtake of P in the crop was measured, or could be estimated, throughout the trial period. There was a linear relationship between P balance (total applied − total offtake) and P application rate with a balance of zero at a rate equivalent to 17 kg P/ha per year. The rate of P required for the economically optimum grain output was equivalent to 30 kg P/ha per year. No evidence was found for available P enrichment of soil layers below 25 cm. There was no evidence of Cd enrichment of either soil or crop after 29 years of P applications.

Phosphorus efficiency in a long-term wheat–rice cropping system in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. TANG ◽  
X. SHI ◽  
Y. MA ◽  
X. HAO
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYLong-term (over 14 years) experiments on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop rotations were conducted in Southwest China to investigate phosphorus (P) fertilizer utilization efficiency, including the partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), internal efficiency (IE), partial P balance (PPB), recovery efficiency (RE) and the mass (input–output) balance. The seven treatments were Control, N, NP, NK, NPK, NPKM and NPKSt, representing various combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K), manure (M) and the application of rice straw (St). Without P application, the soil could supply c. 14·7–22·5 kg P/ha annually and produce, on average, c. 1·8 t/ha wheat and 6·0 t/ha rice. Phosphorus fertilization increased crop yields by 65·5 and 11·4% for wheat and rice, respectively, over the 14 years. The PFP values ranged from 80·2 to 177 kg grain/kg P fertilizer for wheat and from 222 to 255 kg/kg for rice in the NPK treatments. However, the mean AE over the 14-year period was 31·9 and 21·3 kg grain/kg inorganic P fertilizer for wheat and rice, respectively. The mean IE was 214 and 318 kg grain/kg P uptake for wheat and rice, respectively, during the cultivation period. The PPB for the whole rotation system over the 14 years ranged from 0·58 to 0·64. However, the mean RE of P fertilizer was 0·26 (varying from 0·22 to 0·29) in the wheat–rice cropping system over the 14-year period. For every 100 kg surplus P/ha per year, the concentration of soil P extracted by 0·5 m NaHCO3 at pH 8·5 (Olsen-P) would increase by, on average, 4·12 mg/kg in soil. For the wheat–rice cropping system, the current P application rate of 55–65 kg P/ha per year is able to sustain annual yields of about 3 t/ha for wheat and 7 t/ha for rice. This study suggests that, in order to achieve higher crop yields, the P fertilizer utilization efficiency should be considered when making P fertilizer recommendations in wheat–rice cropping systems.

Soil phosphorus accumulation model for an arid area of north-western China with 3-year rotation of wheat, maize and cotton

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. WANG ◽  
H. LIU ◽  
X. H. WANG ◽  
J. M. LI ◽  
Y. B. MA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Desert Soil ◽  
Western China ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
North Western

SUMMARYPredictive models for the accumulation of available phosphorus (Olsen-P, extracted with 0·5 mol/l sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) at pH 8·5) in the north-western arid areas of China, especially in Xinjiang, are essential for the improved management of phosphorus (P) fertilizers. In the present study, an accumulation model for Olsen-P in grey desert soil (Calcaric Cambisol) was developed using the data for initial Olsen-P in soil, P fertilizer application rate (organic and inorganic P), crop yields, and soil pH from a 22-year long-term experiment (1990–2011) with 3-year rotation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium spp.). The model was also validated independently using previously published data from the literature. The results indicated an average net accumulation of Olsen-P in the plough layer (0–200 mm) of 0·36 mg/kg/year (from 0·083 to 0·47 mg/kg/year) when P fertilizer was applied, while an average net Olsen-P loss of 0·12 mg/kg/year (from 0·067 to 0·26 mg/kg/year) was observed without P fertilization in the soil. For target yields of wheat, maize and cotton at 5, 6 and 6 tonne/ha (t/ha), respectively, in soil with pH 8, the rates of Olsen-P increase in the soil as estimated by the model were 0·11, 0·24, 0·36, 0·49 and 0·61 mg/kg/year when P application rates were 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 kg P/ha per 3-year period, respectively. For every 100 kg/ha of P surplus, Olsen-P increased by 1·1 mg/kg in Xinjiang grey desert soil. This Olsen-P accumulation model was valuable for the management of soil P in agricultural production and environmental protection in north-western China and other arid areas planted with a yearly rotation of wheat, maize or cotton.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Fertilization in Rice (Oryza sativa L) Cultivation Changes Soil P-Fractions

2010 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
AL Shah ◽  
JC Biswas ◽  
ARM Solaiman ◽  
GM Panaullah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Rice Soil ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Rice Genotypes

A study was conducted at the BRRI research farm during 2001 to determine the distribution of soil phosphorus (P) fractions in P-deficient rice soil that received varied amount of P as triple super phosphate (TSP) and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). Solution P ranged from 0.06 to 0.08 mg L-1 which was significantly greater in long duration variety (LDV) compared to short duration variety (SDV) at Pcontrol conditions. The increase in NaHCO3-Pi pool was 4.5-35.2% greater with LDV compared to SDV at 30-45 kg P ha-1. There was 7-10% greater NaOH-Po after growing LDV compared to SDV at larger P doses as TSP. The buildup of NaOH-Po pool was greater by 18% after growth of SDV compared to LDV when P was added as DAP. The NaOH-Pi fraction increased by about 21-212% with P application compared to P control irrespective of P sources. The larger HCl-Pi fraction buildup (21-152%) took place because of P application either as TSP or DAP, especially with the LDV. The increase in residual-P fraction was 10-158% because of P-fertilization and rice genotypes compared to control. Under Pfertilized conditions, NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Po appeared to have acted as sinks of added P-fertilizer. Cultivation of rice genotypes at 30-40 kg P ha-1 under lowland situations further contributes to P buildup in soil which could be utilized in the succeeding crops for profitable farming.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated phosphorus fertilisation on field crops in Finland 2.Sufficient phosphorus application rates on silty and sandy soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAARELA ◽  
H. HUHTA ◽  
P. VIRKAJÄRVI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation ◽  
Annual Application

In order to update fertilisation recommendations for Finnish silty and sandy soils, the effects of repeated phosphorus (P) fertilisation on the yields of cereals, grasses and other crops were measured at ten sites for 9 to 18 years. Results of some earlier studies were also used in examining the relationships of the yield responses to applied P and to the soil test values measured by the Finnish ammonium acetate method (PAc). Significant effects of P fertilisation were observed at all sites that had low or medium PAc values; in the case of potatoes, even at sites with fairly high values. The mean relative yield without applied P divided by yield with 60 or 45 kg P ha-1 of the ten sites was 81% (mean PAc 11.6 mg dm-3) varying from 55% at the PAc value of 4.7 mg dm-3 to 100% at the highest PAc values. In order to achieve a relative yield of 97%, which is considered the optimum for cereals and leys, the required mean annual application of P in the later parts of the experiments was 25 kg ha-1 (variation 0-42 kg ha-1). On the six soils that had low or medium PAc values (4.5-9.1 mg dm-3, mean 8.0 mg dm-3), relative yield was 97% at the P application rate of 35 kg ha-1 (variation 22-42 kg ha-1), while 11 kg P ha-1 (variation 0-25 kg ha-1) sufficed on the four soils that had higher PAc values (mean 20.8 mg dm-3, variation 11.7-35.2 mg dm-3). Reasons for the poor availability of P in silty and sandy soils were discussed.;

Influence of intra-row plant spacing, phosphorus application and growth stage on the forage, seed yields and quality of phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides) in subhumid area of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. T. Omokanye ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. O. Onifade
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
P Application ◽  
Macroptilium Lathyroides ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Forage, seed yields and herbage chemical composition of phasey bean Macroptilium lathyroides) were investigated at 3 intra-row plant spacings (15, 30 and 45cm between plants; 50 cm between roms), 4 phosphorus (P) fertilizer application rates (O), 50, 100 and 750 kg/ha P) and 5 harvest stages (uncut control, 6, 9, 12 and 15 weeks post sowing) in two growing seasons at Shika in northern Nigeria. The least intra-row plant spacing (15cm) produced higher (p<0.01) total DM vield (1.50 t/ha) than wider spacings. The proportion of leaf was least (40 %) in the widest spacing compared with other spacings (59-62 %). The P-fertilized plots produced 58-60% more total DM vields than the unfertilized plots and total DM yields increased with advanced plant growth. The highest percentage (61-63) of leaf was recorded from 6 to 12 weeks post sowing. Nitrogen level in herbage increased (p<0.05) with increased intra-row plant spacing and P application. Phosphorus and Calcium. Levels in herbage did not respond to intra-row plant spacing but increased with P application. The Ca:P ratios at the harvest stages were between 1:1 and 6:1. The highest seed yields (198 and 188 kg/ha) were recorded respectiely in the least intra-row plant spacing and the application of 100 kg Piha. Supplementation of calves on grasses/cereal stovers with phasey bean hay in a sustainable crop livestock production systems is suggested.

Residual effects of phosphorus fertiliser in a stylo-native grass pasture on a duplex red earth soil in the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
KA Shaw ◽  
MA Gilbert ◽  
JD Armour ◽  
MJ Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
P Application ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Establishment Phase

A field experiment was established to define the phosphorus (P) requirement for establishment and maintenance of a mixed legume pasture (Stylosanthes scabra cv. Seca, S. hamata cv. Verano, S. guianensis cv. Graham, Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro) introduced into a native grass pasture on an infertile duplex red earth. Rates of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 kg P/ha were applied to separate plots in year 1 (1982), 2, and 3. In year 5 (1986 growing season), half of each plot that had received 20 and 40 kg P/ha in year 3 was refertilised at the original rate to ensure that maximum yields were defined. Bicarbonate- or acid-extractable soil P concentrations of 8 mg/kg were sufficient for 80% maximum legume yield. The residual value of applied P in the surface soil, as measured by soil analysis, decreased exponentially, but an initial application of 40 kg P/ha was still sufficient to produce near-maximum legume yield after 5 years. Phosphorus application increased the dry matter yield of legume. During the establishment phase (years 1 and 2 after planting) yields reached maximum at 10 and 20 kg P/ha, respectively, but increased linearly in subsequent years. When the original rates were reapplied in year 5, peak yield occurred at 20 + 20 kg P/ha, and there was no difference between this yield and that from plots receiving 40 kg P/ha in year 1. Native grass yields increased with P application only in years 4 and 5 of the experiment. Stylos demonstrated good tolerance to low P supply. In year 1, 80% of the total legume yield consisted of Graham stylo and Siratro, whereas in subsequent years, Seca and Verano made up 70 and 20%, respectively, of the total, irrespective of treatment. Yield of legume at nil P, relative to maximum, increased from 5% in year 1 to 42% in year 5.

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