The Occurrence of Phase Separation in Microcrystalline Cellulose Filled Natural Rubber Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 1133 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Ruslimie Che Ali ◽  
Asrul Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy Analysis

This paper describes the use of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as hydrophilic filler in two types of natural rubber latexes which are high ammonia natural rubber (HA) and epoxidised natural rubber latex (ENR). Light microscopy (LM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tensile strength measurements were then conducted on the resulting films. The light microscopy analysis revealed that more MCC particles appeared at the air–facing (AF) surfaces relative to the substrate-facing (SF) surfaces of the HA films with increasing MCC content. In contrary, the ENR25 films showed more or less similar MCC particles appearing at both air-facing surfaces and substrate-facing surfaces. Further SEM cryo-fracture analysis at the cross sections of the MCC filled ENR25 films indicated that the MCC particles were randomly dispersed in the rubber matrix. It can be suggested that the phase separation of MCC particles to the films surfaces occurred due to the incompatibility of MCC with the rubber matrix. Thus, it can be inferred that the occurrence of phase separation is minimised in the MCC filled ENR films in comparison to the MCC filled HA films.

scholarly journals A Green Approach for Preparing High-Loaded Sepiolite/Polymer Biocomposites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Di Credico ◽  
Irene Tagliaro ◽  
Elkid Cobani ◽  
Lucia Conzatti ◽  
Massimiliano D’Arienzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Global Industry ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Filler Network ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

Global industry is showing a great interest in the field of sustainability owing to the increased attention for ecological safety and utilization of renewable materials. For the scientific community, the challenge lies in the identification of greener synthetic approaches for reducing the environmental impact. In this context, we propose the preparation of novel biocomposites consisting of natural rubber latex (NRL) and sepiolite (Sep) fibers through the latex compounding technique (LCT), an ecofriendly approach where the filler is directly mixed with a stable elastomer colloid. This strategy favors a homogeneous dispersion of hydrophilic Sep fibers in the rubber matrix, allowing the production of high-loaded sepiolite/natural rubber (Sep/NR) without the use of surfactants. The main physicochemical parameters which control Sep aggregation processes in the aqueous medium were comprehensively investigated and a flocculation mechanism was proposed. The uniform Sep distribution in the rubber matrix, characteristic of the proposed LCT, and the percolative filler network improved the mechanical performances of Sep/NR biocomposites in comparison to those of analogous materials prepared by conventional melt-mixing. These outcomes indicate the suitability of the adopted sustainable procedure for the production of high-loaded clay–rubber nanocomposites with remarkable mechanical features.

High throughput solubility measurement with automated polarized light microscopy analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 2115-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyohiko Sugano ◽  
Teruhisa Kato ◽  
Kentaro Suzuki ◽  
Kako Keiko ◽  
Tetsujo Sujaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarized Light Microscopy ◽  
Solubility Measurement ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy Analysis

Novel Quantitative Method to Evaluate Globotriaosylceramide Inclusions in Renal Peritubular Capillaries by Virtual Microscopy in Patients With Fabry Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 816-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Barisoni ◽  
J. Charles Jennette ◽  
Robert Colvin ◽  
Sheela Sitaraman ◽  
Alexander Bragat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Virtual Microscopy ◽  
Lipid Inclusion ◽  
Peritubular Capillaries ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Conventional Light Microscopy

Context.—Assessing the amount of globotriaosylceramide inclusions in renal peritubular capillaries by a semiquantitative approach is a standard and useful measure of therapeutic efficacy in Fabry disease, achievable by light microscopy analysis. Objective.—To describe a novel virtual microscopy quantitative method to measure globotriaosylceramide inclusions (Barisoni Lipid Inclusion Scoring System [BLISS]) in renal biopsies from patients with Fabry disease. Design.—Plastic embedded 1-µm-thick sections from kidney biopsies from 17 patients enrolled in a Fabry disease clinical trial were evaluated using a standard semiquantitative methodology and BLISS to compare sensitivity. We also tested intrareader and interreader variability of BLISS and compared results from conventional light microscopy analysis with a virtual microscopy-based methodology. Peritubular capillaries were first annotated on digital images of whole slides by 1 pathologist and then scored for globotriaosylceramide inclusions by 2 additional pathologists. Results.—We demonstrated that (1) quantitative analysis by BLISS results in detection of small amount of globotriaosylceramide inclusions even when by semiquantitative analysis the score is 0, (2) application of BLISS combined with conventional light microscopy results in low intrareader and interreader variability, and (3) BLISS combined with virtual microscopy results in significant reduction of intrareader and interreader variability compared with BLISS–light microscopy. Conclusions.—BLISS is a simpler and more sensitive scoring system compared to the semiquantitative approach. The virtual microscopy–based methodology increases accuracy and reproducibility; moreover, it provides a permanent record of retrievable data with full transparency in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Preparation and Assessment of Nanocomposites Based on Natural Rubber Latex Reinforced With Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Gamma Rays Shielding Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdeldaym ◽  
M. A. Elhady
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Shielding Properties

Abstract Reinforcement of the flexible shielding properties of natural rubber (NRL) was achieved through various content Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared from a simple solution using mixing method. Thereafter, a host of evaluative tests, using different techniques were carried to check the structural, morphological, mechanical and electrical conformity of the MWCNTs in the natural rubber matrix. More notably, the results from the x-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that the nanocomposites have been successfully prepared, making them fitting to impact significant improvement on the mechanical strength of the matrix. The evaluation of the formation of MWCNT networks in the matrix, which gives insight into the nanocomposites' electrical conductivity, also showed agreeable results as the linear attenuation coefficients (l) and half-value thickness (HVT) for NRL/MWCNTs nanocomposite films were investigated . Thus, from the foregoing series of results, it can be concluded that nanocomposite films offer promising radiation-shielding properties.

Novel Method for Preparation of Low Molecular Weight Natural Rubber Latex

1998 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitladda Tangpakdee ◽  
Megumi Mizokoshi ◽  
Akiko Endo ◽  
Yasuyuki Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Η Value ◽  
Telechelic Polymer

Abstract Low molecular-weight natural rubber (LNR) and LNR latex was prepared by oxidative degradation of de-proteinized natural rubber (DPNR) latex in the presence of 1 phr of K2S2O8 and 15 phr of propanal, by shaking at 60 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of DPNR with only K2S2O8 decreased from 7.2 to 5.5 after 2 h and then increased to 6.5 after 3 h. By the addition of propanal, DPNR showed a significant decrease in the [η] value of LNR with [η] of about 0.5 after 5 h of the reaction, while rubber from high-ammonia natural rubber (HANR) latex showed a slight decrease in [η]. The concentration of latex and the kind of surfactant used for stabilizing the latex had little effect on the degradation rate of DPNR latex. The LNR latex is stable as the latex form and the dried rubber coagulated from latex is transparent and colorless. The LNR was a telechelic polymer containing aldehyde and ketone groups at both terminals as determined by NMR and molecular weight analyses.

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Peroxide-Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex Films

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslim Ramli ◽  
Jefri Jaapar ◽  
Manroshan Singh Jaswan Singh ◽  
Siti Noor Suzila Maqsood Ul Haque ◽  
Amir Hashim Md Yatim
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Organic Peroxide ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Latex

Natural rubber latex is the material of choice for the fabrication of thin elastic films in many products such as gloves and condoms owing to its high strength, elasticity, comfort in use, good barrier properties and ‘green image’ [1, 2]. This unique combination of characteristics has its origins in the intrinsic properties of the crosslinked polymer network within the rubber matrix. The crosslinking of rubber hydrocarbon chains by free radicals generated from peroxide has been discovered for many years [3]. In peroxide crosslinking reactions, organic peroxide decomposes to produce reactive free radicals that will react to release hydrogen ions from the carbon hydrogen in the polymer chain, encouraging formation of free radicals on the rubber molecular chains. As the free radicals react with the polymer chains, the carbon hydrogen in the chains act as reactive centre that combines with centres of other rubber chains to form a network of carbon to carbon bonds which serve as crosslinks [3, 4].

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