Crystalline Transformation of Ammonium Polyphosphate from Intermediate APP-X to APP-II

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Long Liu ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective intumescent flame retardant, it has different crystalline forms and therefore, different application. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-II were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-II can be understood.

Crystalline Transformation of Ammonium Polyphosphate From Intermediate APP-X to APP-V

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Yue Long Liu ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transformation Process ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

APP-V can be transformed to APP-I and APP-II, and APP-II can also be transformed to APP-V. However, the crystalline transformation process is not well known. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the intermediate APP-X in between ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP-II) and form V (APP-V) was found and measured. The transformation process from APP-X to APP-V were studied and discussed. The XRD patterns in this process were discussed in detail so that the crystalline transformation process from APP-X and APP-V can be understood.

Effect of Temperature on Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 2166-2169
Author(s):  
Gou Sheng Liu ◽  
Wen Yan Chen ◽  
Yue Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Controllable Preparation ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with crystalline form II is usually synthesized in temperature 280-3100C, APP with crystalline form V is usually synthesized in temperature 340-3500C. By process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, the effect of temperature on crystalline forms of APP was studied and discussed in detail. The results were informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Melamine as Sole Condensing Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1710-1713
Author(s):  
Yue Long Liu ◽  
Wen Yan Chen ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
New Process ◽  
Ammonia Atmosphere ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Controllable Preparation ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is usually synthesized by heating diammonium hydrogen phosphate and phosphorus pentaoxide at ammonia atmosphere, in which phosphorus pentaoxide is used as condensing agent. In this paper, a new process is pointed out in which APP is synthesized by heating diammonium hydrogen phosphate and melamine to a certain temperature at ammonia atmosphere, melamine is used as the sole condensing agent, the XRD patterns of synthesized product are investigated and discussed in detail. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

Effect of Ammonia on Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 828-831
Author(s):  
Gou Sheng Liu ◽  
Xian Zhi Duan
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Crystalline Form ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Atmosphere ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Controllable Preparation ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was prepared by process of diammonium hydrogen phosphate at different ammonia atmosphere. XRD techniques were used to characterize the crystalline form of this product. Results showed that ammonium had significant effect on the crystalline form of prepared ammonium polyphosphate. The results were informative for controllable preparation ammonium polyphosphate in industrial production.

Ammonium Polyphosphate Crystalline Transformation from Form II to Form V

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 832-835
Author(s):  
Gou Sheng Liu ◽  
Xian Zhi Duan
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Crystalline Forms ◽  
Controllable Preparation

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an effective intumescent flame retardant, it has different crystalline forms and therefore, different application. The crystalline transformation from form II to form V was measured. The results were informative for controllable preparation ammonium polyphosphate in industrial production.

Ammonium Polyphosphate with Crystal Form V by DAP+P2O5

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Xin Zhao ◽  
Gou Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Crystal Form ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Crystalline Forms

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a widely used intumescent flame retardant ingredient, it has six crystalline forms, APP-V is seldom studied in literature. In this study, APP-V was prepared by process of diammonium phosphate (DAP)+P2O5as raw material, and melamine as condensation agent under dry ammonia. Its properties such as water solubility was tested and compared with APP-II. Further characteristics techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and TGA were used to characterize this product.

Facile Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanorods with Controlled Sizes and Morphologies

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 1584-1587
Author(s):  
Sha Sha Lv ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Gui Cun Li ◽  
Hong Rui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen

High quality hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanorods have been synthesized at 180 °C by a facile hydrothermal method using calcium chloride and diammonium hydrogen phosphate as precursors in the absence of any surfactants. The diameters and lengths of HAP nanorods are in the range of 40-80 nm and 0.2-2.0 μm respectively. The sizes and morphologies of HAP nanorods can be controlled by adjusting the synthetic parameters, such as reaction temperatures, and types of surfactants. A possible mechanism was also proposed to explain the growth of the HAP nanorods.

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