Computer Aided Process Planning for Machining the Gears

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 1551-1556
Author(s):  
Deepak Byotra ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Grinding Operations

Bulk of power transmitting metal gears of machinery is produced by machining processes from cast, forged or hot rolled blanks. It includes a number of versatile machining operations that use a milling cutter, a multi tooth tool to produce a variety of configurations. The aim of the computer aided process planning (CAPP) is to develop a programme for milling cutting processes. This paper reveals the hybrid approach to computer aided process planning for milling and grinding operations on gear blank, so that the plan can be generated taking into account the availability of machines and the material. The developed computer aided process plan has reduced the set up time and machining time by 40.90 and 30.15 % respectively.

Computer-Aided Process Planning and Manufacturing

2009 ◽  
pp. 54-74
Author(s):  
Xun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Computer Aided Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Cutting Processes

Products and their components are designed to perform certain functions. Design specifi- cations ensure the functionality aspects. The task in manufacturing is then to produce the components that meet the design specifications. The components are in turn assembled into the final products. When computers are used to assist the process planning and manufacturing activities, multiple benefits can be had. The related technologies are known as computer-aided process planning and computer-aided manufacturing. Often, they are not separable and are therefore discussed in tandem in this chapter. It should be emphasized that process planning is not only for metal-cutting processes. We need process planning for many other manufacturing processes such as casting, forging, sheet metal forming, compositesz and ceramic fabrication. In this chapter, the basic steps of developing a process plan are explained. There are two approaches to carrying out process planning tasks—manual experience-based method and computer-aided process planning method. The focus is on two computer-aided process planning methods, the variant approach, and generative approach. These discussions on process planning have been limited to machining processes. The topic of computer-aided manufacturing, on the other hand, is discussed with a more general point of view. A fictitious CAM plant is presented and some of the key aspects of CAM in a manufacturing system are discussed. A more specific version of CAM (i.e. computer numerical control) will be covered in Chapters VIII and IX.

A Hybrid Approach to Computer-Aided Process Planning for Prismatic Parts

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Zhang ◽  
A. Y. C. Nee ◽  
J. Y. H. Fuh
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Operation Sequencing ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Prismatic Parts ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Set Up

Abstract One of the most difficult tasks in automated process planning is the determination of operation sequencing. This paper describes a hybrid approach for identifying the optimal operation sequence of machining prismatic parts on a three-axis milling machining centre. In the proposed methodology, the operation sequencing is carried out in two levels of planning: set-up planning and operation planning. Various constraints on the precedence relationships between features are identified and rules and heuristics are created. Based on the precedence relationships between features, an optimization method is developed to find the optimal plan(s) with minimum number of set-ups in which the conflict between the feature precedence relationships and set-up sequence is avoided. For each set-up, an optimal feature machining sequence with minimum number of tool changes is also determined using a developed algorithm. The proposed system is still under development and the hybrid approach is partially implemented. An example is provided to demonstrate this approach.

PMPS: A Prototype CAPP System for Parallel Machining

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Levin ◽  
D. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
New Generation

Parallel N.C. machines, also referred to as mill-turns, are a new generation of machine tools aimed at increasing machining accuracy and reducing part cycle times. In addition to their capacity to do both milling and turning, these next generation machines tools can perform multiple machining operations simultaneously, involving one or more parts at a time, and can completely finish a part (front and back) in a single setup. Parallel machining raises issues with respect to computer aided process planning which have not been dealt with in the past. In this paper, a prototype CAPP system called PMPS, for parallel machining, is described. First, we briefly highlight the new issues to be dealt with in process planning for parallel machining. Next, the architecture and details of PMPS, a generative CAPP system, is described. Finally, the implementation and results are discussed.

Computer-Aided Process Planning for Turned Parts Using Fundamental and Heuristic Principles

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. P. Korde ◽  
B. C. Bora ◽  
K. A. Stelson ◽  
D. R. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Process Plans ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Turned Parts ◽  
Manufacturability Evaluation

Research on generative computer-aided process planning (CAPP) for turned parts using combined fundamental and heuristic principles is presented. The rationale for the process planning approach is that many preconditions of machining processes can be expressed as a small number of domain principles. The domain is defined by processes and the part description as features for simple turned parts. The motivation is to detect faulty designs early on in the design process. Preliminary designs defined by features are first evaluated using manufacturability rules in a rule-based expert system, developed in LISP. Manufacturability rules are based on feature properties such as accessibility, stability, and critical material thickness. The rules were acquired from design and manufacturing personnel from industry through interviews. Parts that satisfy the manufacturability checks are used to generate all feasible process plans. A search algorithm selects the “best” process plan from the feasible set. Process plans are generated and subsequently optimized using two distinct sets of feasibility and optimality criteria which may be either fundamental or heuristic in nature. The presently incorporated criteria successfully restrict the set of plans to a small number without missing any apparently feasible process plans. Manufacturability evaluation, feasible process plans, and optimal process plans for actual industrial parts have been obtained and compared.

A Knowledge Base Approach for Tolerancing in Computer-Aided Process Planning

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhy-Cherng Tsai ◽  
Weirong Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Base Approach ◽  
Process Plans ◽  
Machining Feature ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Feature Database

Abstract This paper presents a knowledge-base approach that assists a designer to evaluate possible process plans and associated costs based on tolerancing specifications of the designed part. It is an effort to take dimensional tolerances into computer-aided process planning (CAPP) for cylindrical parts through the usage of databases and knowledge bases. Geometric features with tolerancing specifications in a CAD system are first used to determine possible machining operations that can achieve the specified tolerances based on data from the machining feature database, the process precision grade database, and the precision grade database. Process plans are then generated based on rules and knowledge from process sequence knowledge base and the machining feature database. Possible process plans are further organized as a graph. Optimal process plan with least cost is then selected by searching through the graph. This is achieved based on machine set-up and operation costs that are derived from the machine tool resource database, the process parameter database, and the machine set-up and operation cost database. A CAPP software prototype supporting tolerance design on the AutoCAD platform is also demonstrated with examples to illustrate this approach.

Analysis and structuring of process planning logic for CNC machining: An education and training perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stylianos Moschonissiotis ◽  
George-Christopher Vosniakos
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
Plan Generation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
Structured Knowledge ◽  
Inexperienced User ◽  
Machining Operations

Programming of computer numerical control (CNC) machining centres using computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software is efficient provided that machining operations and their sequence has been correctly determined by the user. Such decisions, however, are a largely matter of experience. If the user is inexperienced, then Computer Aided Process Planning systems may be employed, but these are usually legacy systems. Thus, normally some prior knowledge has to be induced to the inexperienced user in the form of structured knowledge or rules. After studying a representative number of parts, creating and validating process plans and feeding them to a CAM system some baseline knowledge has been created and structured into rules. Training the user towards applying these rules, or even creation of custom rules is based on part analysis according to a basic reasoning. This is best implemented by advance-organisers of the schematic type regarding part form, process identification, work-holding and setup sequencing, whilst creation of steps or instructions for guiding the process plan generation flow is effected according to the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome paradigm. The method has been applied to a sizeable audience and preliminary statistical and qualitative evidence on its effectiveness is presented.

On the Effects of Parallelism on Computer-Aided Process Planning

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan B. Levin ◽  
Debasish Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Process Planning ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Computer Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Computer Aided Process Planning ◽  
New Class ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
New Machine

Abstract Computer-aided process planning is a critical function in the overall scheme of computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). Progress in CIM is key to increased productivity. Furthermore, as new CIM systems evolve, the latest advancements from the constituent areas must be incorporated. Toward that end, our ongoing research deals with the development of methodologies to enable the inclusion of a new class of machine tools characterized by their ability to carry out machining operations in parallel. In this paper, we identify and elaborate on the effects of parallelism on computer-aided process planning, which are brought about by these new machine tools.

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