Application of Coordinate Measuring Machine in Reverse Engineering

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Da Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Digital Model ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Measuring Machine

In this paper, application of coordinate measuring machine(CMM) in reverse engineering(RE) of product was introduced. Reverse engineering had become a viable method to create a digital model of an existing physical part and to duplicate it. The reverse engineering process involves measuring an object，reconstructing its point cloud as a digital model and rapidly machining it. Application of obtaining point cloud using CMM was presented in reconstructing the digital model of a shoes tree. Rapid duplicate of a severely worn cam of textile machinery was realized by contact measuring profile points using CMM. Reconstructing the digital model and locally modifying the computer model in computer aided design (CAD) software. Finally, numerical control program was finished in computer aided manufacturing (CAM) software. Automatic measurement close freeform curve function of CMM decreased the workload of picking up data of cam profile. Experimental results showed using CMM can greatly save time and alleviate intension of labour.

scholarly journals Outside In

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (08) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Jean Thilmany
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Engineering Software ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Measuring Machine

This article discusses reverse engineering software is slowly changing the way design engineers do their everyday jobs. With the pervasiveness of computer-aided design packages, reverse engineering technology has become a practical tool to create a 3D virtual model of an existing physical part. This model is then available to be used in 3D CAD, computer-aided manufacturing, or other computer-aided engineering applications. The reverse engineering process needs hardware and software that work together. The hardware is used to measure an object, and the software reconstructs it as a 3D model. The physical object can be measured using 3D scanning technologies such as a coordinate measuring machine, laser scanner, structured light digitizer, or computed tomography. The wider accessibility of handheld-laser scanners and portable CMMs like the one used at Excel Foundry means more companies can afford reverse engineering for their own unique ends. The scanner has turned out to be equally useful for engineering and for local archeological and preservation projects; and so far, it has been used to help preserve endangered artifacts.

Towards Combining Digitization Techniques in the Generation of Reverse Engineering Data Sets

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Rolls ◽  
W. ElMaraghy ◽  
H. ElMaraghy
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Error Characterization ◽  
Measuring Machine

Abstract Reverse engineering (RE), may be defined as the process of generating computer aided design models (CAD) from existing or prototype parts. The process has been used for many years in industry. It has markedly increased in implementation in the past few years, primarily due to the introduction of rapid part digitization technologies. Current industrial applications include CAD model construction from artisan geometry, such as in automotive body styling, the generation of custom fits to human surfaces, and quality control. This paper summarizes the principles of operation behind many commercially available part digitization technologies, and discusses techniques involved in part digitization using a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) and laser scanner. An overall error characterization of the laser scanning digitization process is presented for a particular scanner. This is followed by a discussion of the merits and considerations involved in generating combined data sets with characteristics indicative of the design intent of specific part features. Issues in facilitating the assembly, or registration, of the different types of data into a single point set are discussed.

scholarly journals Reverse Engineered Part Development

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sim S. Simandiri ◽  
K. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Pull System ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Engineering Concept ◽  
Cam Systems

Reverse engineering proceeds in the reverse of conventional manufacturing order, based on the pull system instead of the traditional push system. This paper is concerned with applying the reverse engineering concept to the development of parts. With this procedure the development of parts involves an iterative reverse process from the scanning of a developmental prototype towards the design model. The focus is on the use of two set-ups of network in providing computerized data of the prototype that are exchangeable among Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems. The first set-up applies a direct approach to manipulate the scanned data in the CAM environment for generating Numerical Control (NC) programs used for machining the workpiece. The second set-up applies an indirect approach to manipulate the scanned data in a CAD environment prior to generating the NC programs. The major benefits gained from the reverse engineering application in the development of parts are also described.

Reverse engineering of simple surfaces of unknown shape with touch probes: Scanning and compensation issues

2003 ◽  
Vol 217 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G C Vosniakos ◽  
T Giannakakis
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Freeform Surfaces ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Probe Radius Compensation ◽  
Radius Compensation ◽  
Aided Design

This work discusses issues concerning the implementation of scanning of unknown engineering objects containing just simple (i.e. no freeform) surfaces with touch probes on three-axis computer numerical control (CNC) measuring machines in order to reconstruct their shape in a computer aided design (CAD) system. Several ideas are put forward e.g. scanning along vertical slicing planes adaptive point sampling distances in-process ‘proactive’ segmentation of points into curve sections and probe radius compensation in two directions as well as limited remedy of edge scanning ambiguities. Most of the suggested algorithms are implemented as parametric numerical control (NC) programs on an OKUMA machining centre.

Modeling and Numerical Control Machining of the Mould of a Rearview Mirror of a Motorcycle Based on the Reverse Engineering Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 664-668
Author(s):  
Yong Xiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Surface Reconstruction ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Modeling Environment ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Rearview Mirror

The Reverse Engineering Technology (RET) is extensively employed in the realm of product designing. In this paper, a Three-coordinate Measuring Machine is utilized first to measure the data points of the rearview mirror of a motorcycle, then under UG modeling environment, surface reconstruction is conducted, and lastly procedures like mold splitting and mold core machining are finished upon exercising the Moldwizard Module of UG software. In short, the application of the RET greatly shortened the period of product designing and manufacturing.

A Path Planning Model Based on Point Structure in On-Line Reverse System

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 619-623
Author(s):  
Guang Yang ◽  
Yong Di Zhang ◽  
Lin Nan He ◽  
Hong Jie Chang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Measuring Point ◽  
Path Information ◽  
Measuring Machine

The reverse engineering general with coordinate measuring machine or 3D scanner realize the parts digital，and the measuring equipment is very expensive which limit the reverse engineering application. To solve this problem, this paper uses the higher precision walking mechanism of numerical control machine, adds the special online probe to compose a digital measuring equipment ；it uses the CAD sketch model to drive, which researches the basic representation method of the path information，the distribution form of the measuring point in the different characteristic element，the distinction between the measuring point，the attribution rules and the derived form of the path information of the measuring point. It also includes the development of dedicated reverse soft and the automatic generation of the measuring program reverser path. This method provide a new low cost reverse engineering means which decrease measured data and simplify the reverse engineering.

An investigation on measurement accuracy of digitizing methods in turbine blade reverse engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Mahboubkhah ◽  
Mohammad Aliakbari ◽  
Colin Burvill
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Linear Laser

Measurement and quality control of turbine blades is critical to the successful operation of power plants. It has a key role in manufacturing and reverse engineering. Novel technologies continue to be developed to measure parts with complex geometries, such as turbine blades. Digitizing techniques, using both contact and noncontact methods, are used. Selecting the most appropriate digitizing method for a turbine blade requires consideration of the measuring performance of the alternative methods, including criteria such as accuracy, speed and cost. This study seeks to evaluate the practical accuracy and efficiency of various contact and noncontact digitizing methods through measurement and associated quality control of a complex part, that is, a turbine blade airfoil. Four popular technologies, using distinct underlying measurement methods, were chosen to measure a Frame 5 gas turbine blade, namely, a touch trigger probe mounted on a Zeiss coordinate measuring machine, a touch scanning probe and a spot laser probe separately mounted on Renishaw coordinate measuring machine and a linear laser system from ZScanner. The measured point cloud resulting from each method was then used to reconstruct three-dimensional computer-aided design models of the blade. The accuracy of each measuring system was evaluated against the original blade. The evaluation incorporated a comparative study of design parameters derived from the point cloud and reconstructed surfaces associated with each measurement method. The maximum error of point clouds were −123, 2530 and 2173 µm for the ZScanner linear laser, Renishaw spot laser and Renishaw touch scan, respectively. These measured errors indicated higher accuracy from linear laser method than spot laser scanning and touch scanning methods. Furthermore, the achieved standard deviations of 42, 170 and 269 µm for point clouds of ZScanner linear laser, Renishaw spot laser and Renishaw touch scan, respectively, showed that the manufacturer reported that information cannot be always reliable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Feasibility of NaCaPO4-Blended Zirconia as a New CAD/CAM Material for Dental Restoration

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3819
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsun Lan ◽  
Yu-Feng Chen ◽  
Yen-Yun Wang ◽  
Mitch M. C. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Better Than

The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) fabrication technique has become one of the hottest topics in the dental field. This technology can be applied to fixed partial dentures, removable dentures, and implant prostheses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of NaCaPO4-blended zirconia as a new CAD/CAM material. Eleven different proportional samples of zirconia and NaCaPO4 (xZyN) were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Vickers microhardness, and the milling property of these new samples was tested via a digital optical microscope. After calcination at 950 °C for 4 h, XRD results showed that the intensity of tetragonal ZrO2 gradually decreased with an increase in the content of NaCaPO4. Furthermore, with the increase in NaCaPO4 content, the sintering became more obvious, which improved the densification of the sintered body and reduced its porosity. Specimens went through milling by a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, and the marginal integrity revealed that being sintered at 1350 °C was better than being sintered at 950 °C. Moreover, 7Z3N showed better marginal fit than that of 6Z4N among thirty-six samples when sintered at 1350 °C (p < 0.05). The milling test results revealed that 7Z3N could be a new CAD/CAM material for dental restoration use in the future.

scholarly journals Study of Machining of Gears with Regular and Modified Outline Using CNC Machine Tools

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2913
Author(s):  
Rafał Gołębski ◽  
Piotr Boral
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Five Axis

Classic methods of machining cylindrical gears, such as hobbing or circumferential chiseling, require the use of expensive special machine tools and dedicated tools, which makes production unprofitable, especially in small and medium series. Today, special attention is paid to the technology of making gears using universal CNC (computer numerical control) machine tools with standard cheap tools. On the basis of the presented mathematical model, a software was developed to generate a code that controls a machine tool for machining cylindrical gears with straight and modified tooth line using the multipass method. Made of steel 16MnCr5, gear wheels with a straight tooth line and with a longitudinally modified convex-convex tooth line were machined on a five-axis CNC milling machine DMG MORI CMX50U, using solid carbide milling cutters (cylindrical and ball end) for processing. The manufactured gears were inspected on a ZEISS coordinate measuring machine, using the software Gear Pro Involute. The conformity of the outline, the tooth line, and the gear pitch were assessed. The side surfaces of the teeth after machining according to the planned strategy were also assessed; the tests were carried out using the optical microscope Alicona Infinite Focus G5 and the contact profilographometer Taylor Hobson, Talysurf 120. The presented method is able to provide a very good quality of machined gears in relation to competing methods. The great advantage of this method is the use of a tool that is not geometrically related to the shape of the machined gear profile, which allows the production of cylindrical gears with a tooth and profile line other than the standard.

scholarly journals Practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model for jet engine parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 168781402110027
Author(s):  
Byung Chul Kim ◽  
Ilhwan Song ◽  
Duhwan Mun
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Feature Recognition ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Cam Model

Manufacturers of machine parts operate computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tools to produce parts precisely and accurately. They build computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) models using CAM software to generate code to control these machines from computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, creating a CAM model from CAD models is time-consuming, and is prone to errors because machining operations and their sequences are defined manually. To generate CAM models automatically, feature recognition methods have been studied for a long time. However, since the recognition range is limited, it is challenging to apply the feature recognition methods to parts having a complicated shape such as jet engine parts. Alternatively, this study proposes a practical method for the fast generation of a CAM model from CAD models using shape search. In the proposed method, when an operator selects one machining operation as a source machining operation, shapes having the same machining features are searched in the part, and the source machining operation is copied to the locations of the searched shapes. This is a semi-automatic method, but it can generate CAM models quickly and accurately when there are many identical shapes to be machined. In this study, we demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method through experiments on an engine block and a jet engine compressor case.

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