Research and Application of New Oxygen Lance for BOF Steelmaking

2011 ◽  
Vol 335-336 ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Ping Rao ◽  
Guang Qiang Li ◽  
Zhi Zheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Operation Mode ◽  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Oxygen Lance ◽  
Oxygen Equilibrium ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Equilibrium Control ◽  
Jet Characteristics

This paper compares the structure and basic points of the new lance with traditional ones, analyses the new design with center hole in head in fields of theoretical supersonic jet characteristics including penetrating depth and stirring energy, operation mode in smelting process and. The application results show its advantages in keeping whole dephosphorizing rate, final carbon-oxygen equilibrium control of steel and cost reducing, on the other hand, point to its several drawbacks. Optimize solutions are introduced at the end.

Supersonic jet characteristics of two parameter oxygen lance nozzle

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Chao Feng ◽  
Tao Xia ◽  
Guangsheng Wei ◽  
Jianfeng Dong ◽  
Rong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supersonic Jet ◽  
Oxygen Lance ◽  
Jet Characteristics ◽  
Two Parameter

scholarly journals Jet characteristics of CO2–O2 mixed injection using a dual-parameter oxygen lance nozzle for different smelting periods

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-360
Author(s):  
Chao Feng ◽  
Rong Zhu ◽  
Guangsheng Wei ◽  
Jianfeng Dong ◽  
Kai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Fluid Simulation ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Oxygen Lance ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Jet Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The jet performance of an oxygen lance nozzle influences the smelting rhythm, smelting index, and energy consumption of a converter. Due to the complexity of the process of converter smelting, the changing temperature and gas composition in the converter significantly impact the jet characteristics of the oxygen lance nozzle in the smelting process; however, research on the change law of jet characteristics in different smelting periods is limited. In this study, we used Ansys Fluent 17.0, which is commercially available fluid simulation software, to simulate the variation of jet characteristics of a mixed injection comprising 6% CO2 and 94% O2; the mixed injection was tested using a dual-parameter oxygen lance nozzle in the early, middle, and late stages of smelting. The results show that the increase of CO concentration and ambient temperature in the converter lead to a decrease in the attenuation rate of jet velocity, improved independence of multiple jets, and an increase in the impact area of jets on the molten pool. Thus, when designing and employing oxygen lance nozzles, the influence of ambient temperature and furnace gas composition on jet characteristics must be considered.

scholarly journals RES on Power Operation: K-Means Clustering Over Elbow Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Feature Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Data Driven Approach

In this paper, a new optimum number of operation modes is developed for low, medium, and high penetrations of renewable energy source (RES). The data-driven approach is improved considering the unsupervised learning approach of the K-Means classifier with the assistance of the elbow method to decide the number of optimum cluster of the unknown data mode of the power grid. On the other hand, a combined approach of raw data and a 2-dimension Principle Component Analysis (PCA-2) feature reduction approach is developed to improve the performance in terms of the operation mode switching frequency (OMSF), but the highdimensional variance (HDV) is degraded as the RES penetration increases. The simulation results show that 1- dimensional PCA (PCA-1) can maintain the power system operation regardless of the penetration level of RES and the theoretical equations of the power system can be maintained under any penetration level of RES. In simulation, the proposed approach of combining the elbow method results in three, five, and seven clusters for low, medium, and high penetration levels of RES, respectively. As expected, this results in OMSF exceptionally reduction. However, the HDV is degraded in some scenarios of RES penetration. On the other hand, the PCA-1 approach results in constant three clusters for all RES penetration levels and the OMSF and HSV indices are maintained at the lowest value. Also, the seasonal consistency (SC) index is outperformed other techniques at the highest value.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

ON THE OTHER HAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-223
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Boring
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand
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