Practical Mitigation of Voltage Sag by Resonant Grounding in Distribution Systems: Case Study of Provincial Electricity Authority

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 3974-3979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somchai Songsiri ◽  
Sompon Sirisumrannukul
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Useful Lifetime

This paper proposes a practical mitigation solution to the voltage sag problem by resonant grounding for a 22-kV distribution system of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA). The simulation is carried out to investigate the voltage sag impact at the low voltage side of the delta/wye distribution transformer connected at the fault location in the existing solidly grounded system and proposed resonant grounded system by ATP-EMTP simulation. The results indicate that the proposed resonant grounding can help all customers connected at the same bus survive from voltage sag problems and also keep the customers on the faulty feeder connected to the system being continuously supplied. In addition, the distribution system with resonant ground lengthens the useful lifetime of the upstream circuit breaker of the feeder as its number of operations is significantly reduced.

Evaluation of Voltage Sag Mitigation by Resonant Grounding Comparing to Existing Direct Grounding in Provincial Electricity Authority

2014 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
S. Songsiri ◽  
S. Sirisumrannukul
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Distribution Transformer ◽  
Adjustable Speed Drive ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technology Institute

This paper proposes a practical mitigation solution to the voltage sag problem by resonant grounding for a 22-kV distribution system of Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) at the Patumthani 1 substation in Pathumthani province in Thailand. A computer simulation by ATP-EMTP was carried out to investigate the voltage sag impact at the low voltage side of the delta/wye distribution transformer connected at a fault location in the existing solidly grounded system and proposed resonant grounded system. The results indicate that the proposed resonant grounding can help all customers connected at the same bus survive from voltage sag problems and also keep the customers on the faulty feeder connected to the system being continuously supplied for single-to-ground faults. To evaluate the benefits of the resonant grounding, the different voltage-tolerance curves are proposed by Information Technology Institute Council (ITIC) curve and laboratory testing of Personel Computer (PC) curve, Programable Logig Coltroller (PLC) and Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD). The saving from the cost of customer interruption and voltage sag is calculated comparing between the existing solid grounding and the proposed resonant grounding with different voltage-tolerance curves

scholarly journals Design and Testing of a Low Voltage Solid-State Circuit Breaker for a DC Distribution System

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Leslie Tracy ◽  
Praveen Kumar Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Solid State Circuit ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
High Side ◽  
Solid State Circuit Breaker

In this study, a low voltage solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) was implemented for a DC distribution system using commercially available components. The design process of the high-side static switch was enabled through a voltage bias. Detailed functional testing of the current sensor, high-side switch, thermal ratings, analog to digital conversion (ADC) techniques, and response times of the SSCB was evaluated. The designed SSCB was capable of low-end lighting protection applications and tested at 50 V. A 15 A continuous current rating was obtained, and the minimum response time of the SSCB was nearly 290 times faster than that of conventional AC protection methods. The SSCB was implemented to fill the gap where traditional AC protection schemes have failed. DC distribution systems are capable of extreme faults that can destroy sensitive power electronic equipment. However, continued research and development of the SSCB is helping to revolutionize the power industry and change the current power distribution methods to better utilize clean renewable energy systems.

scholarly journals Aging Characteristics of Contact Electrodes of Low Voltage DC Switches

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6838
Author(s):  
Hyosung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Circuit Breakers ◽  
Load Current ◽  
Dc Distribution ◽  
Test Operation

With the present state of the direct current (DC) distribution market, securing the safety of the DC distribution system is emerging as a major issue. Like AC distribution systems, DC switches and circuit breakers are one of the main means to ensure safety. However, in the DC system, since there is no current zero point in the load current, the phenomenon occurring when the circuit is cut off is different from that of the AC system, so technical research is required to cope with this. In this study, the aging characteristics of the contact electrode of a 400 V class low voltage DC (LVDC) switch is studied for the development of wall-mount switches or circuit breakers for residential houses. As an arc extinguishing method to break DC load current, a prototype experimental circuit breaker that uses a magnetic extinguishing method that is effective for blocking low voltage low power DC is invented, and an automated experiment system is established. The DC switch test repeats the operation of turning it on and off 13,000 times, and continuously evaluates the performance of the electric contacts by calculating the voltage drop between the electrode contacts and the corresponding Ohmic resistance value when conducting every 500 times. This paper tests six contact materials to compare the aging characteristics of them by evaluating contact resistance during the test period. AW18-Cu composite material showed the most stable and excellent contact performance for LVDC switches during the entire test operation period.

scholarly journals Complete power distribution system representation and state determination for fault location

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (192) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Felipe Panesso-Hernández ◽  
Juan Mora-Flórez ◽  
Sandra Pérez-Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Fault Location ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Line Load ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
Line Section

<p>The impedance-based approaches for fault location in power distribution systems determine a faulted line section. Next, these require of the estimation of the voltages and currents at one or both section line ends to exactly determine the fault location. It is a challenge because in most of the power distribution systems, measurements are only available at the main substation.  This document presents a modeling proposal of the power distribution system and an easy implementation method to estimate the voltages and currents at the faulted line section, using the measurements at the main substation, the line, load, transformer parameters and other serial and shunt connected devices and the power system topology. The approach here proposed is tested using a fault locator based on superimposed components, where the distance estimation error is lower than 1.5% in all of the cases. </p>

scholarly journals Active Reduction of Short-Circuit Current in Power Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Esteban Pulido ◽  
Luis Morán ◽  
Felipe Villarroel ◽  
José Silva
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Distribution System ◽  
In Series

In this paper, a new concept of short-circuit current (SCC) reduction for power distribution systems is presented and analyzed. Conventional fault current limiters (FCLs) are connected in series with a circuit breaker (CB) that is required to limit the short-circuit current. Instead, the proposed scheme consisted of the parallel connection of a current-controlled power converter to the same bus intended to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. This power converter was controlled to absorb a percentage of the short-circuit current from the bus to reduce the amplitude of the short-circuit current. The proposed active short-circuit current reduction scheme was implemented with a cascaded H-bridge power converter and tested by simulation in a 13.2 kV industrial power distribution system for three-phase faults, showing the effectiveness of the short-circuit current attenuation in reducing the maximum current requirement in all circuit breakers connected to the same bus. The paper also presents the design characteristics of the power converter and its associated control scheme.

scholarly journals Management of water distribution systems in PDA conditions using isolation valves: case studies of real networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fiorini Morosini ◽  
O. Caruso ◽  
P. Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
System Management ◽  
System Control

Abstract The current paper reports on a case study investigating water distribution system management in emergency conditions when it is necessary to seal off a zone with isolation valves to allow repair. In these conditions, the pressure-driven analysis (PDA) is considered to be the most efficient approach for the analysis of a water distribution network (WDN), as it takes into account whether the head in a node is adequate to ensure service. The topics of this paper are innovative because, until now, previous approaches were based on the analysis of the network behaviour in normal conditions. In emergency conditions, it is possible to measure the reliable functioning of the system by defining an objective function (OF) that helps to choose the optimal number of additional valves in order to obtain adequate system control. The OF takes into account the new network topology by excluding the zone where the broken pipe is located. The results show that the solution did not improve significantly when the number of valves reached a threshold. The procedure applied to other real case studies seems to confirm the efficiency of the methodology even if further examination of other cases in different conditions is necessary.

scholarly journals Investigation of Var Compensation Schemes in Unbalanced Distribution Systems

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinuo Huang ◽  
Licheng Wang ◽  
Kai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Current System ◽  
Voltage Regulation ◽  
Voltage Sensitivity ◽  
Compensation Methods ◽  
Distribution System Planning ◽  
Var Compensation ◽  
Phase Conductors

Distributed rooftop photovoltaic (PV) generators prospered distributed generation (DG) in recent years. Certain randomness of rooftop PV connection may lead to significant PV power imbalance across three phases, especially in low-voltage distribution systems. Due to interphase line coupling, traditional Var compensation methods which typically have competent voltage regulation performance may become less effective in such PV imbalance scenarios. In this paper, the limitation of traditional Var compensation methods in voltage regulation with unbalanced PV power integration is demonstrated and comprehensively analyzed. After describing the voltage regulation challenge, based on the voltage sensitivity analysis, it is revealed that PV power unbalanced level together with equivalent mutual impedance among phase conductors has a significant impact on the effectiveness of traditional Var compensation methods on voltage regulation. On this basis, to improve the performance of voltage regulation methods, some suggestions are proposed for both current system operation and future distribution system planning. Numerical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed suggestions. Future rooftop PV integration in LV systems can benefit from this research.

Impacts of Distributed Generators on Voltage Sag Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 732-733 ◽  
pp. 877-881
Author(s):  
Jenjira Boonnamol ◽  
Thavatchai Tayjasanant
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Test System ◽  
Voltage Sag ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Three Phase

This paper presents impacts of distributed generators (DGs) such as synchronous-based DG and inverter-based DG on voltage sag analysis in distribution systems. Voltage sag analysis is assessed through area of vulnerability (AOV), number of sags frequency (NSF) and voltage sag index (SARFI). Single line-to-ground and three-phase faults are investigated. Size and location of DG are carried out by using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) in order to minimize losses and number of sag frequency. Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) Bus 2 is used for simulation cases. Results show that the distribution system with DG installed improves voltage sag performance compared with the system without DG installed.

scholarly journals Control Strategy for Power Loss Reduction considering Load Variation with Large Penetration of Distributed Generation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Xiangyu Lv ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Lixia Cai ◽  
Kuo Su
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Circuit Breaker ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Calculation Time ◽  
Load Variation ◽  
Average Load ◽  
Power Loss Reduction

With the increase of penetration of distribution in distribution systems, the problems of power loss increase and short-circuit capacity beyond the rated capacity of the circuit breaker will become more serious. In this paper, a methodology (modified BPSO) is presented for network reconfiguration which is based on the hybrid approach of Tabu search and BPSO algorithms to prevent the local convergence and to decrease the calculation time using double fitness to consider the constraints. Moreover, an average load simulated method (ALS method) considering load variation is proposed such that the average load value is used instead of the actual load for calculation. Finally, from a case study, the results of simulation certify that the approaches will decrease drastically the losses and improve the voltage profiles obviously; at the same time, the short-circuit capacity is also decreased into smaller shut-off capacity of the circuit breaker. The power losses will not be increased too much even if the short-circuit capacity constraint is considered; voltage profiles are better with the constraint of short-circuit capacity considered. The ALS method is simple and the calculation time is fast.

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