Transformation of Natural Clinoptilolite to High Purity of Synthetic Zeolits

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Yi Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon ◽  
Crystal Transformation ◽  
Natural Clinoptilolite

In this paper, the Chinese natural clinoptilolite was treated hydrothermally, with fusion with NaOH powder as pretreatment. High purity of zeolite Na-Y, Na-P and Na-A were identified as the reacted products, depending on the reaction conditions such as hydrothermal time and the Si/Al molar ratio in the gels. And their cation exchange capacity (CEC) are 257, 355 and 335meq/100g respectively, which are greatly higher than that of the natural zeolite (97 meq/100g). In the hydrothermal reaction, an interesting phenomenon of crystal transformation has also been found

scholarly journals LaCO3OH Nanoprisms and Their Luminescence and NO Reduction Properties

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Md. Hasan Zahir ◽  
Mohammad Mominur Rahman ◽  
Md Shafiullah ◽  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Broad Emission Band ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Broad Emission ◽  
Three Samples

In this work, single-crystalline large-scale LaCO3OH nanoprism morphologies were synthesized by controlling La and Ca molar ratio and the hydrothermal reaction conditions. The nanoprism morphologies of LaCO3OH were unique in nature with a sharp corner and smooth surfaces. The hydrothermal reaction was carried out in the absence of organic additives or templates and (NH4)2CO3 was used as a precipitation agent. The molar ratio of La:Ca was varied over the following values (the sample shorthand is given in parentheses): 75:25 mol% (LC-1), 50:50 mol% (LC-2), and 25:75 mol% (LC-3). Phase-pure LaCO3OH nanoprisms formed at a La:Ca molar ratio of 75:25 mol% without any assistance of catalysts or template. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the as-synthesized powders showed one broad emission band centered at 394 nm after excitation of the pure LC-3 LaCO3OH nanoprisms at λ = 280 nm. The PL intensities were decreased in the order of LC-1 < LC-2< LC-3. The LC-1 and LC-2 samples had almost the same PL intensities probably due to their unique and smooth particle morphology. The calcination result of three samples treated for two hours at 800 °C, shows a reduction in NO activities over highly distributed CaO comprising La2O3. Further, under the presence of H2O and O2 vapor, CaO comprising La2O3 catalysts shows higher stability for the reduction of NO with CH4.

Studies on the Synthetic Process of 4,5-Dicyano Dimethyl Phthalate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Shi Rong Wang ◽  
Xiang Gao Li ◽  
Yin Xiao ◽  
Lu Jin Pan
Keyword(s):  
Thionyl Chloride ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Dimethyl Phthalate ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Cuprous Cyanide ◽  
Optimal Reaction

4, 5-dicyano dimethyl phthalate was an intermediate of the synthesis of phthalocyanine compounds substituted carboxyl. Under the existence of the solvent methanol, 4, 5-dibromo dimethyl phthalate was synthesized by 4,5-Dibromophthalic acid and thionyl chloride.Then it was with cuprous cyanide to get 4,5-dicyano dimethyl phthalate. By studying the process conditions, we got the optimal reaction conditions of 4,5-Dibromo dimethyl phthalate which was thionyl chloride: 4,5-Dibromophthalic acid (2.5:1.0 , molar ratio) and by enlarging 10 times of the experimental conditions, we got the yield 86.4% which was higher than the reported 66.8%.And the optimal reaction conditions of 4,5-dicyano dimethyl phthalate was that high purity argon, absolutely anhydrous DMF, cuprous cyanide and 4,5-Dibromo dimethyl phthalate whose molar ratio were 4.0:1.0. By enlarging 10 times of the experimental conditions, we got the yield 19.0%.

Sol-Gel Synthesis and Characterization of Ultrafine ZrSiO4 Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 906 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Zhen Quan Li ◽  
Qiang Zhen ◽  
Ya Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Homogeneous Product ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis ◽  
Calcined Temperature

High purity ZrSiO4 powder were synthesized using Si (C2H5O)4 and ZrOCl2·8H2O as raw materials by the sol-gel method, LiCl was added as mineralizer to promote crystallization of zircon. The influences of molar ratio of Zr:Si, calcined time and calcined temperature on the synthesis of ZrSiO4 powder were investigated. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the powders. It was found that when the molar ratio of Zr:Si was 1:1.2, the calcined temperature was 1600°C and the calcined time was 4h, the high purity ZrSiO4 ultrafine powder was obtained. The ZrSiO4 formation began at 1300°C and when the gel was calcined at 1600°Cfor 4 h, the formation rate of ZrSiO4 was up to 95%. SEM and TEM studies reveal a homogeneous product with particle sizes on the order of 0.1-1μm. The IR emissivity of ultrafine ZrSiO4 is 0.892 at the whole wavelength range, and that is up to 0.951 at the wavelength range of 8-14 μm.

Study on the Synthesis of Isoamyl Acetate Catalyzed by Strong Acidic Cation Exchange Resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 2411-2415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Lan ◽  
Li Hong Lan ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
An Ping Liao
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Isoamyl acetate was synthesized from isoamylol and glacial acetic acid with strong acidic cation exchanger as catalyst. The effects of reaction conditions such as acid-alcohol ratio, reaction time, catalyst dosage to esterification reaction have been investigated and the optimum reaction conditions can be concluded as: the molar ratio of acetic acid to isoamylol 0.8:1, reaction time 2h, 25 % of catalyst (quality of acetic acid as benchmark). The conversion rate can reach up to 75.46%. The catalytic ability didn’t reduce significantly after reusing 10 times and the results showed that the catalyst exhibited preferably catalytic activity and reusability.

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

Lipase-Catalyzed Acyl-L-Carnitines Synthesis in [Bmim]PF6 Ionic Liquid

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-qiang Tian ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhong-yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Better Than

In order to significantly improve the biosynthesis of acyl-L-carnitines catalyzed by lipase, there must be an efficient and suitable reaction medium that is not only polar but also hydrophobic. [Bmim]PF6, which satisfies the above two requirements, was applied as the medium. The optimal reaction conditions were: for isovaleryl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 200mg molecular sieves, 60ºC, 4:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 150rpm and 60h; for octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 250 mg molecular sieves, 5:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 200rpm, 48h, 60ºC (octanoyl-L-carnitine) and 65ºC (palmitoyl-L-carnitine). Their overall yields could reach 59.14%, 90.79% and 98.03%, respectively. The yields of isovaleryl-L-carnitine, octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine in [Bmim]PF6 were 16.21%, 73.67% and 44.22 % more than those in acetonitrile, respectively. [Bmim]PF6 as the medium was better than acetonitrile. It could not only enhance the yields of acyl-L-carnitines, but also protect the lipase activity.

scholarly journals USE OF CERAMIC MATERIAL (CEMENT CLINKER) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
SUNNY SONI ◽  
MADHU AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Additional Demand ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Biodiesel is a renewable liquid fuel made from natural, renewable biological sources such as edible and non edible oils. Over the last years, biodiesel has gained more market due to its benefits and because it appears as the natural substitute for diesel. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Biodiesel was prepared from soybean oil by transesterification with methanol in the presence of cement clinker. Cement clinker was examined as a catalyst for a conversion of soybean oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). It can be a promising heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel fuels from soybean oil because of high activity in the conversion and no leaching in the transesterification reaction. The reaction conditions were optimized. A study for optimizing the reaction parameters such as the reaction temperature, and reaction time, was carried out. The catalyst cement clinker composition was characterized by XRF. The results demonstrate that the cement clinker shows high catalytic performance & it was found that the yield of biodiesel can reach as high as 84.52% after 1 h reaction at 65°C, with a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 21 wt% KOH/cement clinker as catalyst.

Synergistic effect of co-reactant promotes one-step oxidation of cyclohexane into adipic acid catalyzed by manganese porphyrins

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 696-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Yuanbin She ◽  
Haiyan Fu ◽  
Meijuan Cao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Co Oxidation ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Catalyst Structure ◽  
Manganese Porphyrins ◽  
Co Oxidation Reaction ◽  
One Step ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

The synergistic effect of cyclohexane and cyclohexanone promoted synthesis of adipic acid catalyzed by [MnIIIT(p-Cl)PP]Cl with cyclohexane and cyclohexanone as co-reactants. The results showed that the conversions of cyclohexane and cyclohexanone were significantly enhanced because of the cyclohexanone synergistic effect, and the higher selectivity to adipic acid was obtained with dioxygen as an oxidant. The studies indicated that the co-oxidation of cyclohexane and cyclohexanone was influenced by the initial molar ratio of cyclohexanone and cyclohexane, catalyst structure, catalyst concentrations, and reaction conditions. The preliminary mechanism of the co-oxidation reaction of cyclohexane and cyclohexanone using [MnIIIT(p-Cl)PP]Cl as the catalyst was proposed.

Effect of one-step hydrothermal reaction conditions on the crystal growth of nano-/micro-MoS2

Ionics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyun Qiu ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Zuoqiang Dai ◽  
Ru Cao ◽  
Tao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Step

Effect of the Synthesis Method on the Properties of Ultrafine YAG Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Jie Guang Song ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Cai Liang Pang ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Xian Zhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Co Precipitation

YAG materials has a number of unique properties, the application is very extensive. In this paper, the superfine YAG powder materials were prepared by co-precipitation method and hydrothermal precipitation method. The influence of synthesis process on the morphology of the powder was investigated. The results showed that the precursor powder prepared via the co-precipitation method is mainly from amorphous to crystalline transition with the increasing calcination temperature, the precursor agglomeration is more serious, In the process of increasing the calcination temperature, the dispersibility of the roasted powder is greatly improved, which is favorable for the growth of the crystal grains, so that the particle size of the powder is gradually increased, the YAG precursor prepared by the co-precipitation method is transformed into YAG crystals, the phase transition occurs mainly between 900 and 1100°C. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali is Y3+: OH-=1: 8 via the hydrothermal reaction, the YAG particles with homogeneous morphology can be obtained. When the molar ratio of salt and alkali is increased continuously, the morphology of YAG particles is not obviously changed. The co-precipitation method is easy to control the particle size, the hydrothermal method is easy to control the particle morphology.

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