Modeling of Hydrogen Production in a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1413-1417
Author(s):  
Chun Hua Li ◽  
Xin Jian Zhu ◽  
Qing Jun Zeng ◽  
Yun Long Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Array

A stand-alone renewable photovoltaic energy system can be used to meet the energy requirements of off-grid remote area applications. The excess photovoltaic energy with respect to load demand is transformed and stored as hydrogen gas via an electrolyzer. The stored hydrogen represents a long-term transportable form of fuel for fuel cell. To analyze the system performance and design the control strategy, it is necessary to develop a system model for the solar powered hydrogen production process. The operational characteristics of the photovoltaic array, the proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE), and the power converters are investigated. The maximum power output of the photovoltaic array is matched to the operating voltage of the PEMWE by the DC-DC converters. Simulation results of the PV-PEMWE hydrogen production process are discussed.

A Single Stage Photovoltaic Inverter With Common Power Factor Control and Maximum Power Point Tracking Circuit

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sridhar ◽  
K. C. Jayasankar ◽  
S. S. Dash ◽  
Varun Avasthy
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Alternating Current ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Photovoltaic Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Low Efficiency

This paper presents a unique approach towards the reduction of steps employed in conversion of power produced by a photovoltaic energy system. When a Photovoltaic system feeds an ac load, the power conditioning system of a Photovoltaic energy conversion system consists of a boost converter at the first stage to boost up the direct current (dc) supply, and an inverter to convert this boosted supply to alternating current (ac) at the second stage. But in this conventional system, losses happen at both the stage which makes the whole system to have low efficiency. The proposed approach in this paper has only one stage conversion. In this single step conversion the direct current supply is boosted and converted to alternating current with the help of a single inverter circuit. This process of power conditioning is carried out with respect to the load connected as well to the maximum power with respect to the variant irradiation and temperature condition. The load connected to the system is tested under varying environmental conditions of the photovoltaic system. Nature of output power from the system is studied by varying the irradiation and temperature of the photovoltaic array.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Production through a Solar Powered Electrolysis System

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Udousoro ◽  
Cliff Dansoh
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Exchange Membrane ◽  
Electrolysis System

Production of hydrogen from renewable energy sources is gaining recognition as one of the best energy solutions without ecological drawbacks. The present study reports hydrogen production through a solar powered electrolysis system as a means to curtail greenhouse gas emissions in the United Kingdom. The solar powered electrolysis unit is modeled to provide 58400 kg of hydrogen to run the fuel cell bus fleet in Lea interchange garage in London on a yearly basis. Experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of the photovoltaic module and the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. An energy balance of the electrolysis unit was calculated to give 47.82 kWh/kg and used to model a 2.98 MW photovoltaic system required to run the electrolysis process.

scholarly journals Preliminary Analysis of Hydrogen Production Integrated with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Lida Simasatitkul ◽  
Suksun Amornraksa ◽  
Natcha Wangprasert ◽  
Thanaporn Wongjirasavat
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Price ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an interesting option for electricity generation. However, the usage of pure hydrogen feeding to PEMFC faces many problems such as high price and gas storage capacity. On-board fuel processor integrated with PEMFC is therefore a more preferable option. Two hydrogen production processes from crude ethanol feed, a by-product of fermentation of corn stover, integrated with PEMFC were developed and proposed. They are steam reforming (SR) process integrated with PEMFC and steam reforming process coupled with a CO preferential oxidation (COPROX) reactor with PEMFC. The results showed that the optimal operating conditions for both processes were similar i.e. S/F ratio of 9, WGS reactor temperature of 250oC and membrane area of 0.6 m2. However, the optimal SR temperature of both processes were different i.e. 500oC and 460oC. Both processes produced pure hydrogen gas at 0.53 mol/s. The energy requirement of the SR process alone was higher than SR process coupled with a COPROX about 0.19 MW. The produced hydrogen gas entered PEMFC at current density of 1.1 A cm-2, generating the power at of 0.44 W cm-2.

Low-Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen by Sorption-Enhanced Reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Harrison ◽  
Zhiyong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Enhanced Production

Hydrogen is an increasingly important chemical raw material and a probable future primary energy carrier. In many current and anticipated applications the carbon monoxide impurity level must be reduced to low-ppmv levels to avoid poisoning catalysts in downstream processes. Methanation is currently used to remove carbon monoxide in petroleum refining operations while preferential oxidation (PROX) is being developed for carbon monoxide control in fuel cells. Both approaches add an additional step to the multi-step hydrogen production process, and both inevitably result in hydrogen loss. The sorption enhanced process for hydrogen production, in which steam-methane reforming, water-gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal reactions occur simultaneously in the presence of a nickel-based reforming catalyst and a calcium-based carbon dioxide sorbent, is capable of producing high purity hydrogen containing minimal carbon monoxide in a single processing step. The process also has the potential for producing pure CO2 that is suitable for subsequent use or sequestration during the sorbent regeneration step. The current research on sorption-enhanced production of low-carbon monoxide hydrogen is an extension of previous research in this laboratory that proved the feasibility of producing 95+% hydrogen (dry basis), but without concern for the carbon monoxide concentration. This paper describes sorption-enhanced reaction conditions – temperature, feed gas composition, and volumetric feed rate – required to produce 95+% hydrogen containing low carbon monoxide concentrations suitable for direct use in, for example, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Catalyst-coated proton exchange membrane for hydrogen production with high pressure water electrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (12) ◽  
pp. 123903
Author(s):  
Xinrong Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Weijing Yang ◽  
Wen Liu ◽  
Fanqi Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals Graphene Supported Rhodium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameerunisha Begum ◽  
Moumita Bose ◽  
Golam Moula
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Rhodium Nanoparticles ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstractCurrent research on catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) is based on obtaining higher catalytic activity than platinum particle catalysts on porous carbon. In search of a more sustainable catalyst other than platinum for the catalytic conversion of water to hydrogen gas, a series of nanoparticles of transition metals viz., Rh, Co, Fe, Pt and their composites with functionalized graphene such as RhNPs@f-graphene, CoNPs@f-graphene, PtNPs@f-graphene were synthesized and characterized by SEM and TEM techniques. The SEM analysis indicates that the texture of RhNPs@f-graphene resemble the dispersion of water droplets on lotus leaf. TEM analysis indicates that RhNPs of <10 nm diameter are dispersed on the surface of f-graphene. The air-stable NPs and nanocomposites were used as electrocatalyts for conversion of acidic water to hydrogen gas. The composite RhNPs@f-graphene catalyses hydrogen gas evolution from water containing p-toluene sulphonic acid (p-TsOH) at an onset reduction potential, Ep, −0.117 V which is less than that of PtNPs@f-graphene (Ep, −0.380 V) under identical experimental conditions whereas the onset potential of CoNPs@f-graphene was at Ep, −0.97 V and the FeNPs@f-graphene displayed onset potential at Ep, −1.58 V. The pure rhodium nanoparticles, RhNPs also electrocatalyse at Ep, −0.186 V compared with that of PtNPs at Ep, −0.36 V and that of CoNPs at Ep, −0.98 V. The electrocatalytic experiments also indicate that the RhNPs and RhNPs@f-graphene are stable, durable and they can be recycled in several catalytic experiments after washing with water and drying. The results indicate that RhNPs and RhNPs@f-graphene are better nanoelectrocatalysts than PtNPs and the reduction potentials were much higher in other transition metal nanoparticles. The mechanism could involve a hydridic species, Rh-H− followed by interaction with protons to form hydrogen gas.

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