Simulation Study on CMM Measuring Path Based on the CAD Models of Bevel Gear

As an important part in sliding-limiting differential, the variable ratio noncircular bevel gears can increase the locking factor of the bevel gear differential and improve the vehicles’ off-road capability in transit. At present, this differential has become a study hotspot that many researchers are working over because of its compact structure, cheap cost, good assembly and perdurable capability. In order to get the bevel gear’s processing accuracy, this paper introduced the generating process of the bevel gear’s CMM measuring path, probed the similarity in motion between spherical cutter’s CNC machining and CMM measuring, and then simulated and analyzed the bevel gear’s CMM measuring path by power mill in use of NC authentication method, which provided a reference for the choice of complex surfaces’ measuring methods.

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5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped tools—Part II: physical validations and experiments

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology ◽

10.1007/s00170-021-08166-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gaizka Gómez Escudero ◽

Pengbo Bo ◽

Haizea González-Barrio ◽

Amaia Calleja-Ochoa ◽

Michael Bartoň ◽

...

Keyword(s):

End Milling ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Spiral Bevel Gear ◽

Machining Accuracy ◽

Machining Time ◽

Spiral Bevel Gears ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Gear Manufacturing ◽

Spiral Bevel

AbstractRecently, a new methodology for 5-axis flank computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining, called double-flank machining, has been introduced (see “5-axis double-flank CNC machining of spiral bevel gears via custom-shaped milling tools—Part I: Modeling and simulation”). Certain geometries, such as curved teeth of spiral bevel gear, admit this approach where the machining tool has tangential contact with the material block on two sides, yielding a more efficient variant of flank machining. To achieve high machining accuracy, the path-planning algorithm, however, does not look only for the path of the tool, but also for the shape of the tool itself. The proposed approach is validated by series of physical experiments using an abrasive custom-shaped tool specifically designed for a particular type of a spiral bevel gear. The potential of this new methodology is shown in the semifinishing stage of gear manufacturing, where it outperforms traditional ball end milling by an order of magnitude in terms of machining time, while keeping, or even improving, the machining error.

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Computer aided process planning for multi-axis CNC machining using feature free polygonal CAD models

10.31274/etd-180810-4428 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ashish Mukund Joshi

Keyword(s):

Process Planning ◽

Cnc Machining ◽

Computer Aided Process Planning ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Cad Models

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Generation of Noncircular Bevel Gears With Free-Form Tooth Profile and Curvilinear Tooth Lengthwise

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4033396 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Fangyan Zheng ◽

Lin Hua ◽

Xinghui Han ◽

Dingfang Chen

Keyword(s):

Screw Theory ◽

Mapping Method ◽

Tooth Profile ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Free Form ◽

Arc Length ◽

Screw Axis ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Generating Method ◽

Instant Screw Axis

Noncircular bevel gear is applied to intersecting axes, realizing given function of transmission ratio. Currently, researches are focused mainly on gear with involute tooth profile and straight tooth lengthwise, while that with free-form tooth profile and curvilinear tooth lengthwise are seldom touched upon. Based on screw theory and equal arc-length mapping method, this paper proposes a generally applicable generating method for noncircular bevel gear with free-form tooth profile and curvilinear tooth lengthwise, covering instant screw axis, conjugate pitch surface, as well as the generator with free-form tooth profile and curvilinear tooth lengthwise. Further, the correctness of the proposed method is verified through illustrations of computerized design.

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Lubrication characteristics of gear after shot peening base on 25-pellet model

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814018790655 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 168781401879065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shuai Mo ◽

Shengping Zhu ◽

Guoguang Jin ◽

Jiabei Gong ◽

Zhanyong Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shot Peening ◽

High Speed ◽

Target Material ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Spiral Bevel Gear ◽

Spiral Bevel Gears ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Spiral Bevel ◽

Lubrication Characteristics

High-speed heavy-load spiral bevel gears put forward high requirement for flexural strength; shot peening is a technique that greatly improves the bending fatigue strength of gears. During shot peening, a large number of fine pellets bombard the surface of the metal target material at very high speeds and let the target material undergo plastic deformation, at the same time strengthening layer is produced. Spiral bevel gear as the object of being bombarded inevitably brought the tooth surface micro-morphology changes. In this article, we aim to reveal the effect of microtopography of tooth shot peening on gear lubrication in spiral bevel gear, try to establish a reasonable description of the microscopic morphology for tooth surface by shot peening, to reveal the lubrication characteristics of spiral bevel gears after shot peening treatment based on the lubrication theory, and do comparative research on the surface lubrication characteristics of a variety of microstructures.

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Nonrelative sliding of spiral bevel gear mechanism based on active design of meshing line

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406218767466 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (3) ◽

pp. 1055-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhen Chen ◽

Ming Zeng

Keyword(s):

Design Method ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Transmission Mechanism ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Spiral Bevel Gear ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Gear Mechanism ◽

Active Design ◽

Spiral Bevel

In this paper, an active design method of meshing line for a spiral bevel gear mechanism with nonrelative sliding is presented. First, the general meshing line equations for a nonrelative sliding transmission mechanism between two orthogonal axes are proposed based on the active design parameters. Then, parametric equations for contact curves on the drive and driven spiral bevel gears are deduced by coordinate transformation of the meshing line equations. Further to this, parametric equations for the tooth surface of each bevel gear are derived according to the conical spiral motion of a generatrix circle along the calculated contact curves. Finally, a set of numerical examples is presented based on two types of motion equation of the meshing points. Material prototypes are fabricated and experimentally tested to validate the kinematic performance of the functionally designed spiral bevel gear set.

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Construction of conical axoids on the basis of congruent spherical ellipses

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.6967 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 113 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

T. Kresan ◽

S. Pylypaka ◽

Z. Ruzhylo ◽

C. Rogovskii ◽

O. Trokhaniak

Keyword(s):

Design Methodology ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Geometric Parameters ◽

Cylindrical Gear ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Cylindrical Gears ◽

Practical Implications ◽

Angle Of Rotation

Purpose: To carry out the transition from a cylindrical gear in which the centroids are congruent ellipses with centres of rotation in the foci, to a bevel gear on the basic of congruent spherical ellipses. Design/methodology/approach: Congruent ellipses with centres of rotation in the foci serve as centroids for the design of cylindrical gears with non-circular wheels. The article analytically shows that the analogues of ellipses on the plane - congruent spherical ellipses are the basis for the construction of the axoids of the corresponding bevel gears. An analogue of the centre-to-centre distance for ellipses in the plane is the angle between the axes of rotation of conical axoids. Findings: Based on the equality of the arcs of ellipses, the dependence of the angle of rotation of one axoid on the angle of rotation of another is found. Graphs of this dependence for separate cases are given. It is shown under what conditions the axes of axoids intersect at right angle. The parametric equations of spherical ellipses and corresponding axoids are given. They were used to construct spherical ellipses and corresponding conical axoids for different cases. For gears with right angle between the axes, separate positions of the axoids with different angles of their rotation around their axes are constructed. Practical implications: Spherical ellipses are directing curves for the construction of the corresponding conical axoids. Originality/value: The paper shows that congruent spherical ellipses act as centroids for the design of axoids of bevel gears. They roll one by one without sliding, rotating around axes that intersect in the centre of the sphere. To design such gears, it is important to know the interdependence between the geometric parameters, especially for common gears with a right angle between the axes.

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Kinematical Optimization of Spiral Bevel Gears

6th International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference: Advancing Power Transmission Into the 21st Century ◽

10.1115/detc1992-0028 ◽

1992 ◽

Author(s):

Zhang-Hua Fong ◽

Chung-Biau Tsay

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Spiral Bevel Gear ◽

Tooth Contact ◽

Spiral Bevel Gears ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Contact Patterns ◽

Spiral Bevel ◽

Kinematic Errors

Abstract Kinematical optimization and sensitivity analysis of circular-cut spiral bevel gears are investigated in this paper. Based on the Gleason spiral bevel gear generator and EPG test machine, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate the tooth contact conditions of the spiral bevel gear set. All the machine settings and assembly data are simulated by simplified parameters. The tooth contact patterns and kinematic errors are obtained by the proposed mathematical model and the tooth contact analysis techniques. Loaded tooth contact patterns are obtained by the differential geometry and the Hertz contact formulas. Tooth surface sensitivity due to the variation of machine settings is studied. The corrective machine settings can be calculated by the sensitive matrix and the linear regression method. An optimization algorithm is also developed to minimize the kinematic errors and the discontinuity of tooth meshing. According to the proposed studies, an improved procedure for development of spiral bevel gears is suggested. The results of this paper can be applied to determine the sensitivity and precision requirements in manufacturing, and improve the running quality of the spiral bevel gears. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the applications of the optimization model.

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Impact analysis and vibration reduction design of spiral bevel gears

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part K Journal of Multi-body Dynamics ◽

10.1177/1464419319827398 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (3) ◽

pp. 668-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yanming Mu ◽

Zongde Fang ◽

Wenli Li

Keyword(s):

Impact Velocity ◽

Optimization Method ◽

Bevel Gear ◽

Spiral Bevel Gear ◽

Load Torque ◽

Bevel Gears ◽

Meshing Stiffness ◽

Polynomial Coefficients ◽

Spiral Bevel ◽

The Impact

To minimize the running vibration of spiral bevel gear, an optimization design method for vibration control is presented with the model of meshing impact. Firstly, based on the impact model of spiral bevel gears considering tooth deformation, the initial meshing position, meshing stiffness, and the meshing impact is studied. Secondly, the effects of load torque and rotation speed on meshing impact are analyzed. Thirdly, a mathematical model for pinion generator is built with following parameters: tool parameters, initial machine settings, and polynomial coefficients of auxiliary flank modification motion. The polynomial coefficients of the auxiliary flank modification motion are determined by optimizing the minimum impact velocity. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed. The results shows that load torque and pinion rotational speed impose significant influences on the impact. The impact velocity increases with the increase of load torque and pinion rotation speed. With load torque increasing, impact force tends to increase first and then decrease because of meshing stiffness changes, finally impact force increases dramatically due to additional load. The advantages of spiral bevel gear under the optimization of impact velocity in meshing impact are obviously. The accuracy and scientificity of the method presented in the paper for calculating the initial meshing point and meshing stiffness of complicated tooth surfaces is verified. The optimized gear obtained by the optimization method presented in the paper is also proved that owns the lowest meshing impact in the design load range. The proposed optimization method can reduce meshing impact and improve the dynamic meshing performance of spiral bevel gear. This method also can be used for optimum design of other types of gears.

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