Research to Deal with the Pulping Black Liquor by Using Aspergillus niger

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2192-2196
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Rui Feng Yang ◽  
Jie Lu ◽  
Yan Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Settling Performance ◽  
Produce Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Hydroxyl

We treat black liquor using Aspergillus niger to extract lignin and to improve the utilization value of pulping black liquor. Results show that: The original black liquor directly to the biological treatment by Aspergillus niger, biological bacteria cannot grow, when reaction liquid pH ≤ 9; Inorganic salt concentration ≤7% (mass ratio); The black liquor load ratio is 20% (mass ratio), the condition of Aspergillus niger growth is good, the ability to produce acid is strong. After treatment of Aspergillus niger, liquid pH decreased to 3, Aspergillus niger changes settling performance of lignin, and it’s good for extraction and purification of lignin. Lignin methoxyl content reduced 2.81%, alcoholic hydroxyl content reduced 0.31%, and carboxyl content increased 0.15%.

The Performance of Microelectrolysis in Improving the Biodegradability Landfill Leachate

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 1399-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Xiao Gu Cheng ◽  
Ping He Yin ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
Jun Chang Suo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mature Landfill Leachate

The aim of this study was to check the effectiveness of microelectrolysis for the pretreatment of a municipal landfill leachate with the objective improving its overall biodegradability, evaluated in terms of BOD5/COD ratio, up to a value compatible with biological treatment. The best microelectrolysis operational conditions for achieving the desired COD values were: pH=2.0; granular activated carbon (GAC) =10 g/L; mass ratio of zero iron (Fe0)/GAC=2:1; reaction time=90 min. The BOD5/COD was significantly improved from 0.12 to 0.31, which allowed an almost 85% removal of COD by a sequential activated sludge process. The results show that the microelectrolysis is a promising technology to improve the biodegradability of mature landfill leachate.

scholarly journals Detoxification Assays of Tunisian Tannery Wastewater under Nonsterile Conditions Using the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouia Boujelben ◽  
Mariem Ellouze ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Mineral Pollution

The ability of Aspergillus niger strain to reduce organic and mineral pollution as well as the toxicity of two tannery wastewaters, the unhairing effluent (UE) and the final effluent (FE), taken from a local Tunisian tannery and under nonsterile conditions, was studied. Raw effluents show alkaline pH ≥11; thus experiments were carried out at initial pH values and at pH adjusted to 6. Characterization of effluents also revealed high salt levels (EC > 17 mS/cm) and high organic matter content (25 g/L for the UE and 7.2 g/L for the FE) but a low biodegradability since BOD5 did not exceed 2.5 and 1.25 g/L for the UE and the FE, respectively. The results of the biological treatment showed that A. niger was able not only to grow at high pH and salinity values, but also to reduce organic and mineral pollutant load. After treatment, the COD reduction for the UE reached 90% and 70% at pH=6 and at initial pH (12.13), respectively. For the FE, the decrease of COD values reached 75% at pH=6 and 64% at initial pH (11.64). Monitoring of mineral pollution levels showed a reduction in chromium (Cr) concentrations reaching 70% for the FE. This was reflected by an increase of the biomass of A. niger from 9.25 g/L (control) to 9.84 g/L for the FE. To confirm the efficiency of the biological treatment using A. niger, phytotoxicity (tomato seeds) and microtoxicity (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tests were carried out. Results of this monitoring showed an important decrease in the toxicity levels for both effluents.

Studies on the Lignin of Eucalyptus regnans. IV. Alkali Lignin

1949 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
JWT Merewether
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Active Methylene ◽  
Methylene Group ◽  
Alcoholic Hydroxyl ◽  
Soluble Alkali

By pulping Eucalyptus regnans using the soda process and acidifying the black liquor a crude alkali lignin has been isolated. This has been separated into two fractions, dioxan-ether insoluble alkali lignin-A and dioxan-ether soluble alkali lignin-B. A series of derivatives has been made from each. The data for alkali lignin-A are consistent with the empirical formula C68H78O27, containing nine methoxyl. groups, three acidic, and four alcoholic hydroxyl groups, one of which is tertiary, one carbonyl, and one active methylene group. Alkali lignin-B has been found to be identical with the alkali lignin previously isolated from sulphate black liquor.

The Pretreatment by the Fe/Cu Catalyzed Inner Electrolysis System for Enhancing Biodegradability of the Mixed Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1368-1371
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Gui Huan Yan ◽  
Chong Qing Xu ◽  
Dong Yan Guo ◽  
Yue Xia Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Electrolysis System

The Fe/Cu catalyzed inner electrolysis system was used to treat actual mixed wastewater to evaluate the ecological safety and feasibility of the technology. The pretreatment by the Fe/Cu process removed 30% of COD, which reduced the loading rate of the subsequent biological treatment. Meanwhile, BOD5/COD ratio was increased by about 160%, which created favorable conditions for the subsequent biological treatment. The results indicated that the optimal mass ratio of Fe and Cu was 4:1, the technology covered wider pH range: the wastewater responded well to the reduction when the influent pH changed from 4 to 8, the reaction times was 120 min. Furthermore, the consumption of iron was low. All these led to an easy maintenance and low operating cost.

scholarly journals Enzymic glucosylation of phenols

1967 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley M. Hopkinson ◽  
J. B. Pridham
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Groups ◽  
Alcoholic Hydroxyl

1. A transglucosylase fraction has been obtained from the mycelium of Aspergillus niger. 2. The preparation will transfer α-d-glucopyranosyl residues from maltose and other α-d-glucopyranosides to phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups and to carboxylic acid groups. 3. α-Isomaltosides and α-maltosides are formed when resorcinol and catechol are used as acceptors. 4. pH precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography were used to resolve the activity into two fractions. The properties, in particular polyol inhibition, of one of these fractions have been examined in detail.

Application of Brown-Rot Basidiomycete Fomitopsis sp. IMER2 for Biological Treatment of Black Liquor

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiong ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Hongxun Wang ◽  
Fuying Ma ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Brown Rot

Advanced Treatment Effect of Compound Montmorillonite Adsorb-Coagulant on Coking Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Hai Biao Liu ◽  
Jun Li Huang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Complex Formulation ◽  
Modified Montmorillonite ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride

The conventional biological treatment technology is inefficiently for coking wastewater. It is meaningful to study the advanced treatment process for these kinds of wastewater. A new compound montmorillonite adsorb-coagulant was prepared by complex formulation of microwave organic modified montmorillonite, Na- montmorillonite and polyaluminium chloride (PAC). And it was used in the advanced treatment of coking wastewater after biological treatment. Experimental results show that the mass ratio of microwave organic modified montmorillonite, Na-montmorillonite and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is 20: 20: 1, and under the condition of the dosage of 30 g/L, the adsorb-coagulation time of 30 minutes and the sedimentation time of 2 hours, the treatment effect is the best. The effluent concentration of COD and ammonia nitrogen is 33.6mg/L and 10.1mg/L, respectively, and the chroma of effluent is only 2 time. The corresponding removal efficiency is 78.2%, 84.8% and 92%, respectively. And the out-effluent can completely reach the first national discharge standard.

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