scholarly journals Detoxification Assays of Tunisian Tannery Wastewater under Nonsterile Conditions Using the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouia Boujelben ◽  
Mariem Ellouze ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Final Effluent ◽  
Mineral Pollution

The ability of Aspergillus niger strain to reduce organic and mineral pollution as well as the toxicity of two tannery wastewaters, the unhairing effluent (UE) and the final effluent (FE), taken from a local Tunisian tannery and under nonsterile conditions, was studied. Raw effluents show alkaline pH ≥11; thus experiments were carried out at initial pH values and at pH adjusted to 6. Characterization of effluents also revealed high salt levels (EC > 17 mS/cm) and high organic matter content (25 g/L for the UE and 7.2 g/L for the FE) but a low biodegradability since BOD5 did not exceed 2.5 and 1.25 g/L for the UE and the FE, respectively. The results of the biological treatment showed that A. niger was able not only to grow at high pH and salinity values, but also to reduce organic and mineral pollutant load. After treatment, the COD reduction for the UE reached 90% and 70% at pH=6 and at initial pH (12.13), respectively. For the FE, the decrease of COD values reached 75% at pH=6 and 64% at initial pH (11.64). Monitoring of mineral pollution levels showed a reduction in chromium (Cr) concentrations reaching 70% for the FE. This was reflected by an increase of the biomass of A. niger from 9.25 g/L (control) to 9.84 g/L for the FE. To confirm the efficiency of the biological treatment using A. niger, phytotoxicity (tomato seeds) and microtoxicity (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) tests were carried out. Results of this monitoring showed an important decrease in the toxicity levels for both effluents.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS APPLIED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOIL IN SEMIARID REGION1

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Antônio Italcy de Oliveira Júnior ◽  
Luiz Alberto Ribeiro Mendonça ◽  
Sávio de Brito Fontenele ◽  
Adriana Oliveira Araújo ◽  
Maria Gorethe de Sousa Lima Brito
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Environmental Characterization ◽  
Hierarchical Grouping ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Total Data

ABSTRACT Soil is a dynamic and complex system that requires a considerable number of samples for analysis and research purposes. Using multivariate statistical methods, favorable conditions can be created by analyzing the samples, i.e., structural reduction and simplification of the data. The objective of this study was to use multivariate statistical analysis, including factorial analysis (FA) and hierarchical groupings, for the environmental characterization of soils in semiarid regions, considering anthropic (land use and occupation) and topographic aspects (altitude, moisture, granulometry, PR, and organic-matter content). As a case study, the São José Hydrographic Microbasin, which is located in the Cariri region of Ceará, was considered. An FA was performed using the principal component method, with normalized varimax rotation. In hierarchical grouping analysis, the “farthest neighbor” method was used as the hierarchical criterion for grouping, with the measure of dissimilarity given by the “square Euclidean distance.” The FA indicated that two factors explain 75.76% of the total data variance. In the analysis of hierarchical groupings, the samples were agglomerated in three groups with similar characteristics: one with samples collected in an area of the preserved forest and two with samples collected in areas with more anthropized soils. This indicates that the statistical tool used showed sensitivity to distinguish the most conserved soils and soils with different levels of anthropization.

Sulfhydryl groups as potential biomarkers of water pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chourouk Romdhani ◽  
Zahrah Alhalili ◽  
Soumaya Elarbaoui ◽  
Moez Smiri
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Sulfur Removal ◽  
Thiol Group ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Mineral Pollution ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Thiols represent a source of environmental pollution especially wastewater. The present work aims to evaluate the degradation of sulfur in two biological treatment plants in Tunisia: conventional plant of Rades Malienne, and vertical and horizontal flow from the Grombalia plant. We analyzed (1) wastewater properties, (2) the hydrosulfur (thiol) group, (3) membrane processes ultrafiltration technique and (4) characterization of the quality of wastewater from different plants. We used ultrafiltration membrane assisted ZnO and TiO2 NPs application on real effluents from different biological treatment plants. STEP1 is found to be more loaded with sulphur. Application of AC-ZnO membrane gives 99.07% and 99.55% of sulfur removal from wastewater of STEP1 and STEP3. STEP3 is 50 times less charged on sulfur than STEP1. We suggested that when the sulphur content is high, this leads to an increase in mineral elements. This could be explained by the interactions between thiols and the major elements that cause mineral pollution.

scholarly journals Short investigation on occurrence and removal of semivolatiles during wastewater treatment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Puiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes

The food industry wastewater is known to present a high organic matter content, due to specific raw materials and processing activities. Even if these compounds are not directly toxic to the environment, high concentrations in effluents could represent a source of pollution as discharges of high biological oxygen demand may impact receiving river's ecosystems. Identifying the main organic contaminants in wastewater samples represents the first step in establishing the optimum treatment method. The sample analysis for the non-target compounds through the GC-MS technique highlights, along with other analytical parameters, the efficiency of the main physical and biological treatment steps of the middle-size Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Long-chain fatty acids and their esters were the main abundant classes of non-target identified compounds. The highest intensity detection signal was reached by n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a component of palm oil, after the physical treatment processes with dissolved air flotation, and by 1-octadecanol after biological treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of Melanoidins and Color Development in Dulce de Leche, a Confectionary Dairy Product With High Sucrose Content: Evaluation of pH Effect, an Essential Manufacturing Process Parameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analía Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Lema ◽  
María Inés Bessio ◽  
Guillermo Moyna ◽  
Cristina Olivaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph

The effect on color of the initial pH employed in dulce de leche (DL) production was evaluated through physicochemical and spectroscopical characterization of the melanoidins formed in the process. Melanoidins originated at pH values of 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, and they were released by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the protein backbone and purified by gel filtration. They showed a significant degree of polydispersity, in general, with molecular weights (MWs) below 1,800 Da. DL produced at a higher pH released melanoidins with higher average MW after the enzymatic hydrolysis. They also presented darker colors (dE*ab, C*), more closely resembling those typical of the commercial product. Analysis of the fractions isolated by gel filtration using HPLC-DAD and multinuclear NMR showed an heterogeneous and complex composition. Even though structurally related, the 1H NMR spectra of melanoidins showed a higher degree of aromaticity at higher pH values. In conclusion, the pH employed in DL production affects the amount and structure of the colored products originated by MR reactions, and thus the color of the final product.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Primary Sludge from Pharmaceutical Industry Effluents and Final Disposition

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Xavier Alberico Freitas ◽  
Lara Aguiar Borges ◽  
Handray Fernandes de Souza ◽  
Fernando Colen ◽  
Alex Sander Rodrigues Cangussu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Final Disposition

The generation of large volumes of waste by industrial processes has become an object of study because of the necessity to characterize the composition of residues in order to suggest appropriate treatments and to minimize adverse environmental impacts. We performed analyses of total fixed and volatile solids, moisture, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We found high organic matter content. We also measured physicochemical characteristics, including corrosivity, reactivity, and toxicity. Sewage sludge showed levels of chloride and sodium above the maximum allowed limits. These data suggest the potential for anaerobic digestion as a treatment option for sewage sludge and for its use as a biofertilizer.

STUDIES ON THE ADSORPTION OF BORON ON HUMIC ACIDS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAOHUA GU ◽  
L. E. LOWE
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Range

The adsorption of B, in the form of boric acid, was studied on three precipitated humic acids (HA), representing three distinct soil types. B adsorption by HA was strongly pH-dependent, being low and relatively constant in the pH range 3.0–6.5, increasing markedly up to a peak at near pH 9.5, and then decreasing at still higher pH values. Adsorption isotherms for pH values near 6.7 and 8.8 conformed well to the Langmuir equation. The adsorption maxima (b values), as calculated with the Langmuir equation, ranged from 73 to 207 mmol kg−1 HA at a pH near 8.8, and from 10 to 42 mmol kg−1 at a pH near 6.7. The considerable variation in B adsorption by these HA samples was attributed to "Fe + Al" contents present as contaminants in the HA. The role of HA in B adsorption is expected to be minor in most acid and near neutral soils, but may be of greater significance in soils of high pH and above average organic matter content. Key words: Boron adsorption, boric acid, humic acid, Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a rapid soil incubation method for determining potential acidity of soils in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Brunetto ◽  
Rodrigo Otávio Schneider Souza ◽  
Rogério Piccin ◽  
Roque Junior Sartori Bellinaso ◽  
João Kaminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Soluble Base ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Incubation Method ◽  
Potential Acidity

ABSTRACT: Potential soil acidity can be measured by two methods in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC): solution SMP or solution TSM (Buffer Santa Maria). Calibration of these methods is done by incubating soils for long periods (180 days) of CaCO3. The hypothesis of this study is that it is possible to reduce the incubation period in soils by using a soluble base such as calcium hydroxide. The study aimed to estimate potential acidity in a group of soils by moist incubation with Ca(OH)2 (short) as an alternative to the typical method with CaCO3 (long) and relate to the values estimated by the equation used by the Soil Chemistry and Fertility Commission of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC; 2016). Ten soils with sandy texture and low organic matter content were collected at 0-20cm in the Campanha Gaúcha region of the state of RS and incubated for 180 days with doses of CaCO3 equivalent to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the lime requirement estimated by the solution TSM to raise to pH 6.0. Soils were also incubated for 4 days in an oven at 35ºC with 0.22mol L-1 Ca(OH)2 at doses equivalent to CaCO3. Short incubation of the soil with Ca(OH)2 may substitute long incubation with CaCO3. Also, estimating potential acidity using the equation of the CQFS-RS/SC (2016) overestimated potential acidity in soils with solution TSM pH values lower than 6.0 in this study.

Groundtmthing Multibeam Bathymetric Surveys of Finfish Aquaculture Sites in the Bay d’Espoir Estuarine Fjord, Newfoundland

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tlusty ◽  
John E. Hughes Clark ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Vem A. Pepper ◽  
M. Robin Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Sonar Images ◽  
Scale Characterization ◽  
Finfish Aquaculture

Current and potential salmonid aquaculture sites in the Bay d’Espoir estuarine fjord on the south coast of Newfoundland were surveyed using multibeam SWATH sonar. In 1997, shallow sites were surveyed using the CSS Puffin EM3000POS/MV system, and deeper sites were surveyed in 1998 using the CCGS Creed hull mounted EM 1000. Sediment cores from representative areas were collected during this period and analyzed for organic matter content, and pore water ammonium and sulfate. We discuss the correlation between the sediment core profiles and the results of the side scan and sun-illuminated bathymetric imagery. Bay d’Espoir is a natural depositional area, and that, coupled with the unique backscatter properties of fish farm wastes, increases the difficulty of interpreting these multibeam sonar images. A fairly accurate broad scale characterization of sediment quality can be made from high-resolution images. However’, much of the fine scale detail and inherent variation of sediment characteristics associated with impacts from aquaculture cannot be determined from multibeam imagery.

scholarly journals Changes in the forms of cadmium with time in some Western Australian soils

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Mann ◽  
GSP Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Exchangeable Form

Changes in the forms of Cd with time could affect its uptake by plants and hence potential toxicity to animals and humans. The effect of time on the forms of native and added Cd was studied in four West Australian soils which differed in their clay, hydrous oxide and organic matter content. Sequential extraction of soluble (KCl), exchangeable (BaCl2), bound to organic matter (NaOCl), bound to oxides/clays (ammonium oxalate) and residual (concentrated acids) forms of Cd was carried out at different time intervals after the addition of Cd. The Cd that was added to the soils transformed with time to less soluble forms; the extent depending upon the type of soil. In addition, the rate of transformation in a particular type of soil was affected by both pH and rate of Cd addition. Soluble cadmium in the sandy soil decreased with time whereas the exchangeable form increased. The extent of the changes increased with increase in pH. In the peaty sand at pH < 5, exchangeable Cd increased apparently at the expense of soluble Cd. At higher pH values, however, Cd bound to organic matter increased with time as exchangeable Cd decreased. In the lateritic podzolic soil (dominated by kaolinite), there was no effect of time on the forms of Cd at pH values <. At pH > 6, the exchangeable form of Cd decreased whereas Cd bound to organic matter and residual Cd increased with time. In the yellow earth (dominated mainly by goethite), soluble Cd decreased with time at pH values < 5 and became a negligible fraction at pH 6. Exchangeable Cd decreased with time at pH values > 5 whereas Cd bound to oxides and residual Cd increased with time at all the pH values.

scholarly journals Source of Cadmium (Cd) In Soils and Its Transfer to Rice and Vegetables: Karotia Union, Tangail

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Shamim Al Mamun ◽  
Reyad Hossain Arif ◽  
Md Ariful Islam ◽  
Md Sirajul Islam ◽  
Zakia Parveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Vegetable Sample ◽  
Fertilizer Sample ◽  
Rice Samples

Cadmium is a trace element which is not essential for human being. High cadmium concentration in some rice samples in Bangladesh was reported than that of other countries. This study was carried out to find out the Cd concentration fertilizers, soils, rice and vegetables and along with other chemical properties of Karotia union, Tangail sadar upazila, Tangail. A total of 29 samples were collected among the 14 soils from 7 stations at 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth respectively, 5 vegetables, 5 rice and also 4 different countries TSP fertilizers from local market. The Cd concentration values of all soil samples were found between 0.97 to 1.73 mg/kg (0-15 cm) and 0.53 to 0.83 mg/kg (16-30 cm), respectively and the vegetable sample values were found between 0.053 mg/kg to 0.123 mg/kg (d.w.).The rice sample values were found between 0.05 mg/kg to 0.096 mg/kg (d.w.). The fertilizer sample values were found between 20.67 to 92.33 mg/kg. The soil pH values obtained 7.06 to 7.70 (0-15 cm) and 7.48 to 7.88 (16-30 cm) which indicated that the study area soils were neutral to moderately alkaline. The EC values of all soil samples were between 47.67 to 82.67dSm-1 (0-15cm) and 33.33 to 58.33dSm-1 (16-30 cm). The organic matter content of all soils ranged from 0.789 to 0.905% and 0.351 to 0.869% at (0-15 cm and 16-30 cm), respectively. The available sodium (Na) values of soils were found between 1.84 to 1.92 ppm (0-15 cm) and 1.83 to 1.90 ppm (16-30 cm), respectively. The available potassium values ranged from 1.81 to 1.96 ppm (0-15 cm) and 1.84 to 1.97 ppm (16-30cm), respectively. The available calcium values of all soil samples were 1.92 to 1.97 ppm (0-15 cm) and 1.91 to 1.96 ppm (16-30 cm), respectively.   

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