Study on Performance and Characteristic of Microorganisms in a Waste-to-Energy System

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri ◽  
Sharom Md Zain
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Start Up

Performance and characterization of microorganisms in a laboratory-scale anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was studied. The ABR was fed continuously at organic loading rate (OLR) of 15.2 g COD/l.d with a substrate containing pre-tested combination of kitchen waste and activated sludge. The HRT (hydraulic retention time), C/N (carbon/nitrogen) and F/M (food/microorganisms) ratios were maintained at 3 d, 31.4 and 0.35 gCOD/gVSS.d, respectively. The amounts of fat, protein, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin which are significant polymers for anaerobic digestion start-up were found to be in appropriate ranges. Results show reduction of pH in front compartments and its boost in successive compartments. This indicates proper placement of acidogens and methanogens in the ABR. Also, significant growth in height of ABR granule bed was observed in the system based on formation and retention of granules. Microorganism characterization reveals large population ofMethanosarcinain front part of the reactor although toward the end the amount forMethanosaetaincreased. WhileMethanobacterium,Methanosprilium,MethanococcusandMethanobrevibacterwere observed in the ABR, higher percentage ofMethanosarcinaandMethanotrixindicates production of methane from acetate conversion.

Start up of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bed reactor fed with wine distillery wastewater using pre-colonised bioparticles

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arnaiz ◽  
S. Elmaleh ◽  
J. Lebrato ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Distillery Wastewater

The long start-up period of fluidized bed biofilm reactors is a serious obstacle for their wide installation in the anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. This paper presents the results of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bioreactor treating distillery wastewater during 117 days of operation at a laboratory scale. The pre-colonized bioparticles for this work were obtained from a similar reactor processing the same wastewater and which had a start-up period of 3 months. The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 70 and 92%, at an organic loading rate of 30.6 kg m+3 d+1 (chemical oxygen demand) with a hydraulic retention time of 11.1 h. The results obtained showed that the start-up period of this kind of reactors can be reduced by 3 using pre-colonized bioparticles.

Start-up phase optimization of two-phase anaerobic digestion of food waste: Effects of organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 113064
Author(s):  
Carina Malinowsky ◽  
Willian Nadaleti ◽  
Letícia Rech Debiasi ◽  
Ailton João Gonçalves Moreira ◽  
Remy Bayard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Phase Optimization

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

scholarly journals The feasibility of trace element supplementation for stable operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gustavsson ◽  
B. H. Svensson ◽  
A. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
High Sulfate

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trace element supplementation on operation of wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors. The stillage used was a residue from bio-ethanol production, containing high levels of sulfate. In biogas production, high sulfate content has been associated with poor process stability in terms of low methane production and accumulation of process intermediates. However, the results of the present study show that this problem can be overcome by trace element supplementations. Four lab-scale wheat stillage-fed biogas tank reactors were operated for 345 days at a hydraulic retention time of 20 days (37 °C). It was concluded that daily supplementation with Co (0.5 mg L−1), Ni (0.2 mg L−1) and Fe (0.5 g L−1) were required for maintaining process stability at the organic loading rate of 4.0 g volatile solids L−1 day−1.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

Anaerobic treatment of a medium strength industrial wastewater at low-temperature and short hydraulic retention time: a pilot-scale experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza Soto ◽  
C. Solís Morelos ◽  
J. J. Hernández Torres
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of cereal-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (17 °C) for more than 300 days. The applied organic loading rate (OLRappl) was gradually increased from 4 to 6 and 8 kg CODsol/m3d by increasing the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (5.2 h). The removal efficiency was high (82 to 92%) and slightly decreased after increasing the influent CODsol and the OLRappl. The highest removed organic loading rate (OLRrem) was reached when the UASB reactor was operated at 8 kg CODsol/m3d and it was two times higher than that obtained for an OLRappl of 4 kg CODsol/m3d. Some disturbances were observed during the experimentation. The formation of biogas pockets in the sludge bed significantly complicated the biogas production quantification, but did not affect the reactor performance. The volatile fatty acids in the effluent were low, but increased as the OLRappl increased, which caused an increment of the effluent CODsol. Anaerobic treatment at low temperature was a good option for the biological pre-treatment of cereal processing industry wastewater.

Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time at Constant Organic Loading Rate in a Two-Stage Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahyar Ghorbanian ◽  
Robert M. Lupitskyy ◽  
Jagannadh V. Satyavolu ◽  
R. Eric Berson
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Two Stage

Continuous Fermentative Hydrogen Production from Brown Sugar Using EGSB Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1132-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Li ◽  
Yong Ming Hui ◽  
Xin Yao ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Qian Wen Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Hydrogen Production Rate ◽  
Brown Sugar ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fermentative Hydrogen

In this experiment, brown sugar was chosen as the substrate of continuous operation. A lab-scale expanded granular sludge blanket (EGSB) reactor was employed. Stable ethanol-type fermentation was formed by controlling the organic loading rate (OLR). The results showed a maximum hydrogen production rate of 5.73L / L reactor•d was achieved, under the condition that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) = 2h, OLR = 97.2kg COD/m3 reactor•d. The average hydrogen content in the biogas during the 73-day operation was 41.27%.

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