Start up of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bed reactor fed with wine distillery wastewater using pre-colonised bioparticles

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arnaiz ◽  
S. Elmaleh ◽  
J. Lebrato ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Distillery Wastewater

The long start-up period of fluidized bed biofilm reactors is a serious obstacle for their wide installation in the anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater. This paper presents the results of an anaerobic inverse turbulent bioreactor treating distillery wastewater during 117 days of operation at a laboratory scale. The pre-colonized bioparticles for this work were obtained from a similar reactor processing the same wastewater and which had a start-up period of 3 months. The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 70 and 92%, at an organic loading rate of 30.6 kg m+3 d+1 (chemical oxygen demand) with a hydraulic retention time of 11.1 h. The results obtained showed that the start-up period of this kind of reactors can be reduced by 3 using pre-colonized bioparticles.

Application of the down-flow fluidized bed to the anaerobic treatment of wine distillery wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. García-Bernet ◽  
P. Buffière ◽  
S. Elmaleh ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Rock Density ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Distillery Wastewater ◽  
Inverse Fluidized Bed

This paper presents the results of the operation of a down-flow anaerobic fluidized bed treating red wine distillery wastewater during 1.5 years (laboratory scale). The carrier employed was ground perlite, an expanded volcanic rock (density 213 kg m−1, diameter 0.968 mm). After a 2 months start-up period, organic loading rate (OLR) was increased stepwise by reducing hydraulic retention time (HRT). The system attained carbon removal efficiency rates between 75 and 95%, at a OLR of 17 kg TOC m−3 d−1 (total organic carbon), at an HRT of 0.35 days. The results observed showed that the inverse fluidized bed can be an interesting option for anaerobic wastewater treatment.

Anaerobic Treatment of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Wastewater from Lab to Full Scale

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
M. D. Hidalgo ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco ◽  
P. A. García Encina
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Start Up

In the last decade Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) production is growing. The wastewater of the “Catalana de Polimers” factory in Barcelona (Spain) has two main streams of similar flow rate, esterification (COD=30,000 mg/l) and textile (COD=4000 mg/l). In order to assess the anaerobic treatment viability, discontinuous and continuous experiments were carried out. Discontinuous biodegradability tests indicated that anaerobic biodegradability was 90 and 75% for esterification and textile wastewater. The textile stream revealed some tendency to foam formation and inhibitory effects. Nutrients, micronutrients and alkali limitations and dosage were determined. A continuous lab-scale UASB reactor was able to treat a mixture of 50% (v) esterification/textile wastewater with stable behaviour at organic loading rate larger than 12 g COD/l.d (0.3 g COD/g VSS.d) with COD removal efficiency greater than 90%. The start-up period was very short and the recuperation after overloading accidents was quite fast, in spite of the wash-out of solids. From the laboratory information an industrial treatment plant was designed and built, during the start-up period COD removal efficiencies larger than 90% and organic loading rate of 0.6 kg COD/kg VSS.d (5 kg COD/m3.d) have been reached.

Working Parameters Optimization of Hydrolysis-acidogenesis reactor in two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse Wastewater for Biogas Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Tsegaye Bedane ◽  
Mohammed Mazharuddin Khan ◽  
Seyoum Leta Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract Background : Wastewater from agro-industries such as slaughterhouse is typical organic wastewater with high value of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biological organic nutrients (Nitrogen and phosphate) which are insoluble, slowly biodegradable solids, pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses, parasite eggs. Moreover it contains high protein and putrefies fast leading to environmental pollution problem. This indicates that slaughterhouses are among the most environmental polluting agro-industries. Anaerobic digestion is a sequence of metabolic steps involving consortiums of several microbial populations to form a complex metabolic interaction network resulting in the conversation of organic matter into methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and other trace compounds. Separation of the phase permits the optimization of the organic loading rate and HRT based on the requirements of the microbial consortiums of each phase. The purpose of this study was to optimize the working conditions for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage in two step/phase anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater. The setup of the laboratory scale reactor was established at Center for Environmental Science, College of Natural Science with a total volume of 40 liter (36 liter working volume and 4 liter gas space). The working parameters for hydrolytic - acidogenic stage were optimized for six hydraulic retention time 1-6 days and equivalent organic loading rate of 5366.43 – 894.41 mg COD/L day to evaluate the effect of the working parameters on the performance of hydrolytic – acidogenic reactor. Result : The finding revealed that hydraulic retention time of 3 day with organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L day was a as an optimal working conditions for the parameters under study for the hydrolytic - acidogenic stage. The degree of hydrolysis and acidification were mainly influenced by lower hydraulic retention time (higher organic loading rate) and highest values recorded were 63.92 % at hydraulic retention time of 3 day and 53.26% at hydraulic retention time of 2 day respectively. Conclusion : The finding of the present study indicated that at steady state the concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand and total volatile fatty acids increase as hydraulic retention time decreased or organic loading rate increased from 1 day hydraulic retention time to 3 day hydraulic retention time and decreases as hydraulic retention time increase from 4 to 6 day. The lowest concentration of NH 4 + -N and highest degree of acidification was also achieved at hydraulic retention time of 3 day. Therefore, it can be concluded that hydraulic retention time of 3 day/organic loading rate of 1,788.81 mg COD/L .day was selected as an optimal working condition for the high performance and stability during the two stage anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater for the hydrolytic-acidogenic stage under mesophilic temperature range selected (37.5℃). Keywords : Slaughterhouse Wastewater, Hydrolytic – Acidogenic, Two Phase Anaerobic Digestion, Optimal Condition, Agro-processing wastewater

Anaerobic treatment of a medium strength industrial wastewater at low-temperature and short hydraulic retention time: a pilot-scale experience

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Esparza Soto ◽  
C. Solís Morelos ◽  
J. J. Hernández Torres
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of a pilot-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor during the treatment of cereal-processing industry wastewater under low-temperature conditions (17 °C) for more than 300 days. The applied organic loading rate (OLRappl) was gradually increased from 4 to 6 and 8 kg CODsol/m3d by increasing the influent soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODsol), while keeping the hydraulic retention time constant (5.2 h). The removal efficiency was high (82 to 92%) and slightly decreased after increasing the influent CODsol and the OLRappl. The highest removed organic loading rate (OLRrem) was reached when the UASB reactor was operated at 8 kg CODsol/m3d and it was two times higher than that obtained for an OLRappl of 4 kg CODsol/m3d. Some disturbances were observed during the experimentation. The formation of biogas pockets in the sludge bed significantly complicated the biogas production quantification, but did not affect the reactor performance. The volatile fatty acids in the effluent were low, but increased as the OLRappl increased, which caused an increment of the effluent CODsol. Anaerobic treatment at low temperature was a good option for the biological pre-treatment of cereal processing industry wastewater.

Application of cigarette filter rods as biofilm carrier in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1793-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sabzali ◽  
Mahnaz Nikaeen ◽  
Bijan Bina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Activated Sludge Reactor

Bio-carriers are an important component of integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes. In this study, the capability of cigarette filter rods (CFRs) as a bio-carrier in IFAS processes was evaluated. Two similar laboratory-scale IFAS systems were operated over a 4-month period using Kaldnes-K3 and CFRs as IFAS media. The process performance was studied by using chemical oxygen demand (COD). The organic loading rate was in the range 0.5–2.8 kgCOD/(m3·d). The COD average removal efficiencies were 89.3 and 93.9% for Kaldnes-K3 (reactor A) and cigarette filters (reactor B), respectively. The results demonstrate that the performance of the IFAS reactor containing CFRs was comparable to the reactor using Kaldnes. The CFRs, which have a high porous surface area and entrapment ability for microbial cells, could be successfully used in biofilm reactors as a bio-carrier.

Start-Up Strategy to Achieve Excellent Efficiency of Degradation Acetate,Ethanol and Propionate in UASB

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2103-2106
Author(s):  
Ming Yue Zheng ◽  
Ming Xia Zheng ◽  
Kai Jun Wang ◽  
Hai Yan
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Metabolic Intermediate ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) fed with three metabolic intermediate (acetate, ethanol, and propionate) respectively was studied. The degradation of metabolic intermediate were investigated to discuss the reason for propionate inhibition problem in anaerobic treatment. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the reactors started with 8.0h.The yield rate of biogas were 237ml/gCOD, 242ml/gCOD, 218ml/gCOD for acetate, ethanol and propionate, respectively when finishing start-up under OLR of 5.0 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT=9.6h).The HRT remained constant 9.6h,and the substrate concentration was gradually increased from 1,000 to 16,000mg/L as COD,and the organic loading rates(OLR) was from 3.0 to 40.0 kgCOD/(m3·d).The maximum propionate concentration was 41.6 gHPr-COD/L at the organic loading rate of 43.9 kgCOD/(m3·d) (HRT, 9.6h) as well as acetate and ethanol.

Enhanced removal of chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen and phosphorus using the ameliorative anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process and micro-electrolysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Q. Bao ◽  
J. Q. Gao ◽  
Z. B. Wang ◽  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
Z. Y. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Synthetic wastewater was treated using a novel system integrating the reversed anoxic/anaerobic/oxic (RAAO) process, a micro-electrolysis (ME) bed and complex biological media. The system showed superior chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal rates. Performance of the system was optimised by considering the influences of three major controlling factors, namely, hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR) and mixed liquor recirculation (MLR). TP removal efficiencies were 69, 87, 87 and 83% under the HRTs of 4, 8, 12 and 16 h. In contrast, HRT had negligible effects on the COD and TN removal efficiencies. COD, TN and TP removal efficiencies from synthetic wastewater were 95, 63 and 87%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.9 g/(L·d). The concentrations of COD, TN and TP in the effluent were less than 50, 15 and 1 mg/L, respectively, at the controlled MLR range of 75–100%. In this system, organics, TN and TP were primarily removed from anoxic tank regardless of the operational conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) to the Nata de coco Anaerobic Treatment Eficiency and its Wastewater Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istna Nafi Azzahrani ◽  
Fanny Arivia Davanti ◽  
Ria Millati ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Standard Rate

In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) on process stability of nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester. The standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 8.5 L was used to investigate the effect of three different hydraulic retention times (15, 20, and 25 days), and a standard-rate anaerobic digester with working volume of 9.1 L was operated at different organic loading rates of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L/day. The findings revealed that minimum HRT for nata de coco wastewater anaerobic treatment using semi-continuous digester was achieved at HRT 20 days. Based on data from this study, the reduction of organic content in nata de coco wastewater increased when OLR increased until 1 g/L/day. But then those parameters value decreased when OLR being increased further to 1.5 g/L/day. It showed that at 1.5 g/L/day the amount of substrate fed to the system was exceeding the total degradation capacity of methanogenic microorganisms, hence the organic overload happened and decreased the efficiency of organic content reduction in anaerobic treatment of nata de coco wastewater.

Study on Performance and Characteristic of Microorganisms in a Waste-to-Energy System

2012 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 625-630
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri ◽  
Sharom Md Zain
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Start Up

Performance and characterization of microorganisms in a laboratory-scale anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) was studied. The ABR was fed continuously at organic loading rate (OLR) of 15.2 g COD/l.d with a substrate containing pre-tested combination of kitchen waste and activated sludge. The HRT (hydraulic retention time), C/N (carbon/nitrogen) and F/M (food/microorganisms) ratios were maintained at 3 d, 31.4 and 0.35 gCOD/gVSS.d, respectively. The amounts of fat, protein, cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin which are significant polymers for anaerobic digestion start-up were found to be in appropriate ranges. Results show reduction of pH in front compartments and its boost in successive compartments. This indicates proper placement of acidogens and methanogens in the ABR. Also, significant growth in height of ABR granule bed was observed in the system based on formation and retention of granules. Microorganism characterization reveals large population ofMethanosarcinain front part of the reactor although toward the end the amount forMethanosaetaincreased. WhileMethanobacterium,Methanosprilium,MethanococcusandMethanobrevibacterwere observed in the ABR, higher percentage ofMethanosarcinaandMethanotrixindicates production of methane from acetate conversion.

Enhanced Treatment of CSTR Anaerobic Digested Effluent from Poultry Wastewater by IC Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1239-1244
Author(s):  
Zhan Guang Liu ◽  
Xue Fei Zhou ◽  
Ya Lei Zhang ◽  
Hong Guang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Poultry Wastewater

The feasibility of applying internal circulation (IC) reactor anaerobic treatment for effluent from a CSTR plant treating poultry wastewater was examined and the key controlling factors were explored. A continuous-flow IC reactor of 12.3L capacity inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge was operated for 98 days at 35±1°C. With corresponding organic loading rate of 1.5-3.5 kgCOD/m3•d at hydraulic retention time of 1.5d, the maximum volumetric biogas production rate of 1.2 m3/m3•d and tCOD (total COD) removal efficiency in the range of 70-80% was achieved. Therefore, IC reactor is competent to treat CSTR effluent from poultry wastewater. The decrease of sCOD (soluble COD) relative to tCOD and ammonia inhibition may lead to deterioration of IC reactor anaerobic treatment.

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