Ferrous Iron and Pyrite Oxidation by “Acidithiomicrobium” Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol S. Davis-Belmar ◽  
Paul R. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Autotrophic Growth ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Moderate Thermophiles ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing

Novel iron- and sulfur-oxidizing, moderate thermophiles were isolated from an acidic geothermal site and from a previously studied, pyrite-enrichment mixed culture (which also contained the related actinobacterium Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans). The novel species (proposed genus “Acidithiomicrobium”) grew autotrophically with ferrous iron at an optimum temperature of about 50°C, efficiently degraded pyrite at 55°C and also grew well autotrophically on sulfur. The extensive dissolution of pyrite during autotrophic growth contrasted with a requirement for yeast extract for significant growth of the related Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans.

Leaching of Pyrite by Acidophilic Heterotrophic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria in Pure and Mixed Cultures

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bacelar-Nicolau ◽  
D. Barrie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Mixed Cultures ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Thiobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Basal Salts

ABSTRACT Seven strains of heterotrophic iron-oxidizing acidophilic bacteria were examined to determine their abilities to promote oxidative dissolution of pyrite (FeS2) when they were grown in pure cultures and in mixed cultures with sulfur-oxidizingThiobacillus spp. Only one of the isolates (strain T-24) oxidized pyrite when it was grown in pyrite-basal salts medium. However, when pyrite-containing cultures were supplemented with 0.02% (wt/vol) yeast extract, most of the isolates oxidized pyrite, and one (strain T-24) promoted rates of mineral dissolution similar to the rates observed with the iron-oxidizing autotroph Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Pyrite oxidation by another isolate (strain T-21) occurred in cultures containing between 0.005 and 0.05% (wt/vol) yeast extract but was completely inhibited in cultures containing 0.5% yeast extract. Ferrous iron was also needed for mineral dissolution by the iron-oxidizing heterotrophs, indicating that these organisms oxidize pyrite via the “indirect” mechanism. Mixed cultures of three isolates (strains T-21, T-23, and T-24) and the sulfur-oxidizing autotroph Thiobacillus thiooxidans promoted pyrite dissolution; since neither strains T-21 and T-23 nor T. thiooxidans could oxidize this mineral in yeast extract-free media, this was a novel example of bacterial synergism. Mixed cultures of strains T-21 and T-23 and the sulfur-oxidizing mixotrophThiobacillus acidophilus also oxidized pyrite but to a lesser extent than did mixed cultures containing T. thiooxidans. Pyrite leaching by strain T-23 grown in an organic compound-rich medium and incubated either shaken or unshaken was also assessed. The potential environmental significance of iron-oxidizing heterotrophs in accelerating pyrite oxidation is discussed.

Four psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity consistently producing cycloaspeptide A, Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov., Penicillium ribium sp. nov., Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens C. Frisvad ◽  
Thomas O. Larsen ◽  
Petur W. Dalsgaard ◽  
Keith A. Seifert ◽  
Gerry Louis-Seize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Penicillic Acid ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
First Time

Penicillium jamesonlandense is a novel species from Greenland that grows exceptionally slowly at 25 °C and has an optimum temperature for growth of 17–18 °C. The novel species is more psychrotolerant than any other Penicillium species described to date. Isolates of this novel species produce a range of secondary metabolites with a high chemical diversity, represented by kojic acid, penicillic acid, griseofulvin, pseurotin, chrysogine, tryptoquivalins and cycloaspeptide. Penicillium ribium, another novel psychrotolerant species from the Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA, produces asperfuran, kojic acid and cycloaspeptide. Originally reported from an unidentified Aspergillus species isolated from Nepal, cycloaspeptide A is reported here for the first time from the two novel Penicillium species and two known psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity, Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum. All species, except P. ribium, produce a combination of cycloaspeptide and griseofulvin. However, P. ribium (3/5 strains) produced the precursor to griseofulvin, norlichexanthone. The type strain of Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov. is DAOM 234087T (=IBT 21984T=IBT 24411T=CBS 102888T) and the type strain of Penicillium ribium sp. nov. is DAOM 234091T (=IBT 16537T=IBT 24431T).

scholarly journals A Novel Acidimicrobium Species in Continuous Cultures of Moderately Thermophilic, Mineral-Sulfide-Oxidizing Acidophiles

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (13) ◽  
pp. 4294-4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A. Cleaver ◽  
Nicolas P. Burton ◽  
Paul R. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Continuous Cultures ◽  
Moderately Thermophilic ◽  
Acidithiobacillus Caldus ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT A novel species of Acidimicrobium appeared to be the predominant ferrous iron oxidizer in a mixed culture that effected the continuous, efficient extraction of nickel from a mineral concentrate at 49°C, but it was not isolated in pure culture. It outcompeted Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans, which was expected to have a major role in iron oxidation in reactors gassed with air, and was outnumbered at 49°C only by the sulfur-oxidizing Acidithiobacillus caldus. Sulfobacillus species were expected to compete with Acidimicrobium species when culture aeration was enriched with carbon dioxide, but they were a minor component of the populations with and without this enrichment. Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans replaced the Acidimicrobium species and Acidithiobacillus caldus when the temperature was increased to 55°C.

scholarly journals Thiomicrospira arctica sp. nov. and Thiomicrospira psychrophila sp. nov., psychrophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria isolated from marine Arctic sediments

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Knittel ◽  
Jan Kuever ◽  
Anke Meyerdierks ◽  
Ruth Meinke ◽  
Rudolf Amann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Novel Species ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strictly Aerobic ◽  
The Novel ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing ◽  
Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria

Two psychrophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from marine Arctic sediments sampled off the coast of Svalbard with thiosulfate as the electron donor and CO2 as carbon source. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the novel strains, designated SVAL-DT and SVAL-ET, represent members of the genus Thiomicrospira. Further genotypic (DNA–DNA relatedness, DNA G+C content) and phenotypic characterization revealed that the strains represent members of two novel species. Both organisms are obligately autotrophic and strictly aerobic. Nitrate was not used as an electron acceptor. Chemolithoautotrophic growth was observed with thiosulfate, tetrathionate and sulfur. The temperature limits for growth of both strains were between −2 °C and 20·8 °C, with optima of 11·5–13·2 °C (SVAL-ET) and 14·6–15·4 °C (SVAL-DT), which is about 13–15 °C lower than the optima of all other recognized Thiomicrospira species. The maximum growth rate on thiosulfate at 14 °C was 0·14 h−1 for strain SVAL-ET and 0·2 h−1 for strain SVAL-DT. Major fatty acids of SVAL-DT are C16 : 1, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0, and those of SVAL-ET are C16 : 1, C18 : 1, C16 : 0 and C14 : 1. Cells of SVAL-DT and SVAL-ET are rods, like those of their closest relatives. To our knowledge the novel strains are the first psychrophilic, chemolithoautotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria so far described. The names Thiomicrospira arctica sp. nov. and Thiomicrospira psychrophila sp. nov. are proposed for SVAL-ET (=ATCC 700955T=DSM 13458T) and SVAL-DT (=ATCC 700954T=DSM 13453T), respectively.

Pyrite Oxidation by Halotolerant, Thermotolerant Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Norris ◽  
James Le C. Nicolle ◽  
L. Calvo-Bado ◽  
V. Angelatou
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Thermotolerant Bacteria ◽  
Iron Solubilization

Thermotolerant “Thiobacillus prosperus”-like bacteria were enriched from warm, acidic sediments of the island of Milos in the Aegean Sea. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated at least two thermotolerant species, with at least one of them present in similar niches at Vulcano, Italy. Iron solubilization in a pyrite-enrichment culture at 47°C was most rapid in the presence of NaCl at 30 g.l 1. One of the novel species (strain M7) grew in pure culture on pyrite with NaCl at 50 g.l-1, but iron solubilization was most rapid with 20 g NaCl.l 1 at just below 50°C.

Silver toxicity to ferrous iron and pyrite oxidation and its alleviation by yeast extract in cultures ofThiobacillus ferrooxidans

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli H. Tuovinen ◽  
Jaakko Puhakka ◽  
Paula Hiltunen ◽  
Katherine M. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Silver Toxicity

scholarly journals Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., a yeast species associated with nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens

2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1891-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solange C. Carreiro ◽  
Fernando C. Pagnocca ◽  
Maurício Bacci ◽  
Marc-André Lachance ◽  
Odair C. Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Species ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Atta Sexdens ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Large Subunit Rrna ◽  
Waste Deposit

Four strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from laboratory nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens in Brazil. Three strains were found in older sponges and one was in a waste deposit in the ant nests. Sequencing of the D1/D2 region of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that the novel species, named Sympodiomyces attinorum sp. nov., is phylogenetically related to Sympodiomyces parvus. Unlike Sympodiomyces parvus, Sympodiomyces attinorum can ferment glucose, assimilate methyl α-d-glucoside, salicin and citrate, and grow at 37 °C, thus enabling these two species to be distinguished. Differentiation from other related species is possible on the basis of other growth characteristics. The type strain of Sympodiomyces attinorum is UNESP-S156T (=CBS 9734T=NRRL Y-27639T).

scholarly journals Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov., a scotochromogenic species related to the Mycobacterium simiae complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1606-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Tortoli ◽  
Erik C. Böttger ◽  
Anna Fabio ◽  
Enevold Falsen ◽  
Zoe Gitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Polyphasic Analysis ◽  
Mycobacterium Simiae

Four strains isolated in the last 15 years were revealed to be identical in their 16S rRNA gene sequences to MCRO19, the sequence of which was deposited in GenBank in 1995. In a polyphasic analysis including phenotypic and genotypic features, the five strains (including MCRO19), which had been isolated in four European countries, turned out to represent a unique taxonomic entity. They are scotochromogenic slow growers and are genetically related to the group that included Mycobacterium simiae and 15 other species. The novel species Mycobacterium europaeum sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these five strains. Strain FI-95228T ( = DSM 45397T  = CCUG 58464T) was chosen as the type strain. In addition, a thorough revision of the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the species related to M. simiae was conducted which leads us to suggest the denomination of the ‘Mycobacterium simiae complex’ for this group.

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