Influence of Intumescent Flame Retardant on Flammability and Tensile Behavior of Oil-Extended SEBS

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Yan Chun Li ◽  
Chen Jie Shi ◽  
Si Si Cai ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A kind of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were used for flame retarding of oil-extended hydrogenated styrene-butylenes-styrene (O-SEBS). The samples were systemically characterized by limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The results showed that the IFR retardant can promote residual chars with multi-micro holes on the surface of SEBS to inhibit flame; with 45% IFR content, the LOI is 28.3 and flame retardant level is UL-94 classification of V-0, with no dripping. The morphological structures observed by SEM demonstrated that higher IFR content promote to form larger and compact films cover on bubbles of the intumescent char layer. The TG data revealed that the IFR could change the degradation behavior of the O-SEBS, enhance the thermal stability and increase the char residue, The tensile strength of all the O-SEBS/IFR blends had the tensile strength of more than 4MPa and the elongation of more than 850%.

Flame Retardant Properties of Two Different Synthetic Process of Ammonium Polyphosphates

2013 ◽  
Vol 668 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Gou Sheng Liu ◽  
Yue Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Ammonium Polyphosphate ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) produced by non-P2O5 process and traditional P2O5 process were used in the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polypropylene (PP) composite (IFR-PP). The composite was tested by limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94. TGA and SEM were used to study the decomposition processes. Results showed that when the ratio of APP-II/ pentaerythritol/melamine is 3/1/1, the LOI value is 33.1, and all composite could reach UL-94 V0 rating. The results showed that APP by non-P2O5 process had similar IFR properties as APP of traditional P2O5 process

Synergistic Effect between Montmorillonite Intercalated by Melamine and Intumescent Flame Retardant (IFR) on Polypropylene

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Hong Fang Zhu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Kang Tao ◽  
Li Xin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cone Calorimeter ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limited Oxygen Index ◽  
Cation Exchange Reaction ◽  
Melamine Salt ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Limited Oxygen

This Montmorillonite modified by melamine (MA-MMT) was prepared via cation exchange reaction by using melamine salt as intercalation reagent. MA-MMT and Na-MMT was combined with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) to be adopted into polypropylene (PP), respectively. The synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR and the influence of melamine in MMT layers on fire-resistant performance was evaluated. Results of limited oxygen index (LOI) tests and UL-94 tests indicate that melamine salts in MMT layers behaved better than Na-MMT in PP/IFR system. According to the results of cone calorimeter tests and scanning electron microscope (SEM), it concludes that melamine salts act as gas agent to provide migration impetus and expanded power, which caused a well-structured and strong char that had better ability to endure heat erosion. A good synergistic effect between MA-MMT and IFR is constructed.

Experiment Research of BDP/IFR Halogen Free Flame-Retarding for Oil-Extended SEBS

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chun Li ◽  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yuan Hui Han ◽  
Fan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Phosphate Ester ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Diphenyl Phosphate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Delay Decomposition

Bisphenol A bis (diphenyl) phosphate ester (BDP) and a kind of intumescent flame retardant (IFR) were used for flame retarding of oil-extended hydrogenated styrene-butylenes-styrene (O-SEBS). The samples were systemically characterized by TGA, LOI, UL-94, FTIR and FESEM; The results showed that, as a kind of plasticized flame retardant, BDP can improve thermal decomposition temperature and delay decomposition velocity of O-SEBS; while the IFR retardant can promote residual chars with multi-micro holes on the surface of SEBS to inhibit flame; Synergistic flame retarding effects were produced by using BDP and the IFR retardant together, with 20% BDP and 20% IFR, the LOI is 24.5 and flame retardant level is UL-94 classification of V-1, with no dripping. Meanwhile, SEBS-g-MA as compatibility can prompt char residual and thermal property of O-SEBS.

Flame Retardant Effect of a Modified Intumescent Flame Retardant on a Rigid Polyurethane Foam

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Pei Bang Dai ◽  
Lin Ying Yang ◽  
Ting Zheng ◽  
Chang Qin ◽  
Qi Chen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Composite Foam ◽  
Composite Foams ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Pu Foams

A rigid polyurethane (PU) flame retardant composite foam was prepared by the compounding of polyols and diisocyanates with a modified intumescent flame retardant (MIFR). The MIFR was based on the three components of intumescent flame retardant normally used and was modified in a surfactant TX-10 solution. The flame retardancy of the PU flame retardant composite foams were evaluated by using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 (vertical flame) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When MIFR was fixed at 20.0 wt% in PU/MIFR composite foams, the MIFR could enhance the flame retardancy and pass V-0 rating of UL-94 test. The microstructures observed by SEM demonstrate that a suitable amount of MIFR can promote formation of compact intumescent charred layers in PU foams.

Synthesis of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant Oligomer and its Application in ABS Copolymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Xiao Ping Hu ◽  
Yu Yang Guo ◽  
Quan Min Xu ◽  
Hui Min Heng ◽  
Liang Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Combustion Behaviors ◽  
High Initial Temperature

A novel intumescent flame retardant oligomer containing phosphorous-nitrogen structure (PSPTR) was synthesized and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS). The thermal behavior of PSPTR was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The TGA data shows that PSPTR has a high initial temperature of thermal degradation and a high char residue of 41.18wt% at 700 . A novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system, which is composed of PSPTR and novolac phenol (NP), was used to impart flame retardancy of ABS. The combustion behaviors of the ABS/IFR composites were investigated by Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) and UL-94 tests. When the content of IFR (PSPTR:NP=1:1 mass ratio) is 30 wt%, the LOI value of ABS/IFR reaches 28.2, and the vertical burning test reaches UL-94 V-1 rating.

Preparation and Properties of Alginate Salt Fibers: An Inherent Flame-Retardant, Biodegradable Fiber

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Shan Kong ◽  
Quan Ji ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Spinning ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Combustion Property ◽  
Alginate Fiber ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Alginate calcium fibers were prepared through wet spinning with good tensile strength which can be used for cloth materials. The morphology, mechanical property and combustion property of alginate calcium fibers were investigated. Blending yarns and textile of alginate calcium fibers and combed cotton was fabricated with good hand feeling and strength. Alginate salt fiber was prepared with wet spinning machine designed according to viscose fiber spinning machine. The diameter of alginate calcium fibers was about 10-15µm in diameter with smooth surface. The tensile strength of alginate salt fiber was larger than 4.8 cN in the dry state. The value of Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) of alginate calcium fibers was 34%. The average heat release rates (HRR) of the alginate fiber is about 21 kW/m2 which was much lower than that of most synthetic and natural fibers analysized with Cone. Alginate calcium fibers is an inherent flame-retardant fiber.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a novel modified chitosan as an intumescent flame retardant for epoxy resin

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Haihua Yu ◽  
Xiuhang Xu ◽  
Yunfei Xia ◽  
Mingzhen Pan ◽  
Nighat Zarshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Melamine Phosphate ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
New Type ◽  
Limited Oxygen

AbstractAccording to the concept of fire life cycle assessment (LCA), a new type of intumescent flame retardant was designed and synthesized by chemically bonding chitosan, phosphorus pentoxide and melamine. The resultant compound, chitosan ethoxyl melamine phosphate (CEMP), was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 31P NMR, XRD and SEM. The performance of CEMP and organic montmorillonite (OMMT) was evaluated in the substrate of epoxy resin (EP) with limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimetric test (CCT), TGA and TG-IR. As a result, intumescent flame retardant EP (EP3) containing 30.6% LOI and V-0 rating was prepared by adding 3 wt% OMMT and 15 wt% CEMP. The CCT results indicated that CEMP and OMMT reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) to about one fourth that of pure EP and total heat release (THR), 1/2. Decomposition of EP and EP3 was traced from 100 to 600°C by TG-IR.

Flame Retardancy of Lanthanum Phosphinate in Combination with Intumescen Flame-Retardant in Polypropylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3366-3369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Halogen Free

The flame-retardant of Lanthanum phenylphosphinate(LaPi) was prepared and its combination with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) in polypropylene (PP) was analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the UL-94 test. Compared with using IFR alone, using the combination of LaPi and IFR gained the better classification in the UL 94 test thanks to the combination of the different mechanisms. When 20 wt% loading of flame retardant of LaPi and IFR, a halogen-free V-0 PP material was achieved with a LOI of 31%.

scholarly journals Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3656
Author(s):  
Hangfeng Yang ◽  
Hangbo Yue ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
Minzimo Song ◽  
Jianwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Sem Morphology ◽  
Limited Oxygen

A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC’s flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC’s flame retardancy and its mechanical property.

SEBS-based thermoplastic elastomers containing aluminum hypophosphite and melamine cyanurate: Thermal degradation, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Jianming Wu ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Chenguang Yao ◽  
Guisheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽  
Char Residue ◽  
Melamine Cyanurate ◽  
Char Layer ◽  
Phenylene Oxide ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hypophosphite

Aluminum hypophosphite combined with melamine cyanurate and poly(phenylene oxide) was applied to flame-retard TPE-S system (blends of SEBS and polyolefin). The flame-retardant properties of the TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO were investigated by LOI and vertical burning test (UL-94). The results indicated that TPE-S containing 16 wt% AHP, 20 wt% MCA, and 10 wt% PPO reached a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and its LOI value was 28.2%. It performed well in the cone calorimeter (reduction in peak heat release rate from 2001 to 494 kW m−2). Thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests showed that AHP and MCA acted in gaseous phase, while AHP and PPO helped to form char residue. The SEM graphs demonstrated that continuous and compact films cover bubbles of the char layer in TPE-S/AHP/MCA/PPO. The proposed flame-retardant mechanisms of such systems were summarized.

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