The Geochemical Characteristics of Constant Elements of Red Mudstones in the Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 765-770
Author(s):  
Li’an Liu ◽  
Nian Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Dongying Depression ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Fourth Member

The statistical analysis of constant elements of red mudstones in the lower part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (S4) in Dongying Depression shows that the red mudstones in the lower S4 of Dongying Depression can be classified into three major types based on the characteristics of their constant elements, which is closely relevant to the sedimentary structures of red mudstones. Among the three types of red mudstones, two types originate from one single source area while the other type embraces the characteristics of multi-sources.

The Characteristics of Palaeogeomorphology in Ek1 and the Lower Part of Es4 of the Paleogene in Dongying Depression and its Significance to Petroleum Geology

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Li An Liu ◽  
Jian Bo Han
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Geology ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
The South ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Northern Basin ◽  
Dongying Depression ◽  
Contour Graph ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Fourth Member

By using the data of drilling and logging and other materials, the contour graph of the thickness of the remnant strata can be worked out. After the compaction restoration of the graph, the original sedimentary thickness of the First Member of Kongdian Formation(Ek1) and the Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation ( lower Es4) can be obtained and their palaeogeomorphology can be reconstructed. The research results show that palaeogeomorphology has an obvious control on the sedimentary systems of Ek1 and lower Es4. In the areas with higher mountains and steeper slopes in the northern basin, there mainly develop nearshore subaqueous fans while in the south of the basin, there mostly develop alluvial fans.

scholarly journals A Novel Redox Indicator based on Relative Abundances of C31 And C32 Homohopanes in the Eocene Lacustrine Dongying Depression, East China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Jiang ◽  
Haiping Huang ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Zheng Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
East China ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Dongying Depression ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fourth Member

Abstract A suite of oils and bitumens from the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es) in the Dongying Depression, East China was geochemically characterized to illustrate the impact of source input and redox conditions on the distributions of pentacyclic terpanes. The fourth member (Es4) developed under highly reducing, sulfidic hypersaline conditions, while the third member (Es3) formed under dysoxic, brackish to freshwater conditions. Oils derived from Es4 are enriched in C32 homohopanes (C32H), while those from Es3 are prominently enriched in C31 homohopanes (C31H). The C32H/C31H ratio shows positive correlation with homohopane index (HHI), gammacerane index (G/C30H), and negative correlation with pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio, and can be used to evaluate oxic/anoxic conditions during deposition and diagenesis. High C32H/C31H ratio (> 0.8) is an important characteristic of oils derived from sulfidic, hypersaline anoxic environments, while low values (< 0.8) indicate non-sulfidic, dysoxic conditions. Extremely low C32H/C31H ratios (< 0.4) indicate strong oxic conditions of coal depsoition. Advantages to use C32H/C31H ratio as redox condition proxy compared to the HHI and gammacerane indexes are wider valid maturity range, less sensitive to biodegradation influence and better differentiation of reducing from oxic environments. Preferential cracking of C35-homohopanes leads HHI to be valid in a narrow maturity range before peak oil generation. No C35 homohopane can be reliably detected in the Es4 bitumens when vitrinite reflectance is > 0.75%, which explains the rare occurrence of high HHI values in Es4 source rocks. Gammacerane is thermally more stable and biologically more refractory than C30 hopane, leading G/C30H ratio more sensitive to maturation and biodegradation than C32H/C31H ratio. Meanwhile, both HHI and gammacerane index cannot differentiate level of oxidation. The C32H/C31H ratio can be applied globally as a novel redox proxy in addition to the Dongying Depression.

The Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements of Red Mudstones in the Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation in Dongying Depression and its Geological Significance

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 763-767
Author(s):  
Li’an Liu ◽  
Nian Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Wind Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dongying Depression ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Eolian Deposits ◽  
Fourth Member

The comprehensive analysis of rare earth elements (REEs) of red mudstones in the lower part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (S4) in Dongying Depression shows that the red mudstones in the lower S4 of Dongying Depression originate from multi-sources. Red mudstones can be classified into three major types based on the characteristics of their sedimentary structures, which are closely relevant to REEs of red mudstones. The three types of red mudstones are obviously different in distribution: the first type is close to eolian deposits, indicating their relevance to wind action in formation; the second type, partly similar to the first type, has obvious differences with the first type, which can be deduced that it is formed through secondary transformation; the third type embraces the alluvial characteristics, suggesting its good inheritance of the surrounding parent rocks in the distribution of REEs.

scholarly journals Proposal of an Adaptive Neurofuzzy System to Control Flow Power in Distributed Generation Systems

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helbert Eduardo Espitia ◽  
Iván Machón-González ◽  
Hilario López-García ◽  
Guzmán Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Voltage Control ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
The Other ◽  
Charge Variation ◽  
Flow Power ◽  
Dynamics Identification ◽  
Neurofuzzy Systems

Systems of distributed generation have shown to be a remarkable alternative to a rational use of energy. Nevertheless, the proper functioning of them still manifests a range of challenges, including both the adequate energy dispatch depending on the variability of consumption and the interaction between generators. This paper describes the implementation of an adaptive neurofuzzy system for voltage control, regarding the changes observed in the consumption within the distribution system. The proposed design employs two neurofuzzy systems, one for the plant dynamics identification and the other for control purposes. This focus optimizes the controller using the model achieved through the identification of the plant, whose changes are produced by charge variation; consequently, this process is adaptively performed. The results show the performance of the adaptive neurofuzzy system via statistical analysis.

Was This in Your Statistics Textbook? IV. Frequency Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
D. J. Finney
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Contingency Tables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Jumping To Conclusions ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Measure Of Association

SUMMARYObservations that are frequencies rather than measurements often call for special types of statistical analysis. This paper comments on circumstances in which methods for one type of data can sensibly be used for the other. A section on two-way contingency tables emphasizes the proper role of χ2 a test statistic but not a measure of association; it mentions the distinction between one-tail and two-tail significance tests and reminds the reader of dangers. Multiway tables bring new complications, and the problems of interactions when additional classificatory factors are explicit or hidden are discussed at some length. A brief outline attempts to show how probit, logit, and similar techniques are related to the analysis of contingency tables. Finally, three unusual examples are described as illustrations of the care that is needed to avoid jumping to conclusions on how frequency data should be analysed.

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