The Influence of Coal and Reduction Process Parameters in Producing Iron Nugget

2013 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Adji Kawigraha ◽  
Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo ◽  
M. Amryl Asy'ari ◽  
Andre Yosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Iron Metal ◽  
Iron Nugget ◽  
Weak Peak

Limitation of iron ore reserve having high quality ore and of energy has enhanced development in iron and steel producing technology and method. The ITmk3 process is one of iron making technology that can cope with the problems. It uses composite pellet as feeding material. In this process the ratio between iron and carbon are very important. Carbon holds an important role in the reduction process of iron. The transformation from iron oxides to iron metal will complete if composite pellet contains enough carbon. This paper discusses the influence of carbon ratio in iron reduction process. Nickel saprolite and coal are used as iron and carbon source. They are grinded, crushed, sieved, mixed and formed in cylinders. The weight ratios of ores to coal are 1:1 and 2:1. The reduction held in a furnace at 1100OC for 60 minutes and 1250OC for 120 minutes. The results show that the reduction could not complete. Weak peak of FeNi is due to reduction process do not immediately follow the dehydroxylation process.

Effect of gangue composition on iron nugget production from iron ore–coal composite pellet

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 917-925
Author(s):  
Shi-han Zhang ◽  
Guang Wang ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Jing-song Wang ◽  
Qing-guo Xue
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
Iron Nugget

The Carbon Deposition during Iron Ore Reduction in Carbon Monoxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Shu Hua Geng ◽  
Wei Zhong Ding ◽  
Shu Qiang Guo ◽  
Xiong Gang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Carbon Deposition ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Ore Reduction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Ore Reduction

Iron ore reduction and carbon deposition in pure CO was investigated by using thermogravimetric (TG) method over the temperature range of 0-1200°C. The results of the work may be summarized as follows: in CO stream, carbon deposition occurred below 900°C, no carbon deposition was found above 1000°C. X-Ray analysis of the reacted sample indicated that the carbon deposition occurred with the iron was reduced. The iron reduction process and carbon deposition occurred simultaneously. The rate of carbon deposition changed with the transformation of iron oxides. The specific surface area and pore structure of reduced samples were analyzed. The specific surface area changed with the amount of carbon deposition.

The Effects of Reduction Parameter to Composite Pelet of Iron Ore and Coal Using Single Conveyor Belt Hearth Furnace

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽  
Andi Rustandi ◽  
Yudha Pratesa ◽  
Rianti Dewi Sulamet-Ariobimo ◽  
Bagus Hadi Prabowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
Hearth Furnace ◽  
Composite Pellet ◽  
Direct Reduction Iron ◽  
Composite Pellets

Iron ores should be separated from oxygen and impurities which are coming along during the mining process. The separation process is known as reduction. There are two types of reduction process, and the most common is direct reduction process (DRP). There are several parameters in DRP which will determine the quantities of the product known as direct reduction iron (DRI). This worked discussed the effect of reduction temperature and pellet heap to the quantities of DRI using single conveyer belt Hearth furnace. The worked was done in laboratory scale using composite pellets with 14 mm in diameter. The ratio of iron ore to coal in the composite pellet is 1 to 1. The reduction process temperatures are 500oC, 700oC and 900oC. The reduction time is 25 minutes. While the pellets heap are also varied to 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 9 layers. The results show that DRI was formed in 700OC and the quantities of DRI are in line with the reduction temperatures and layers of composite pellets heap.

scholarly journals Fate of titanium in alkaline electro-reduction of sintered titanomagnetite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Bjareborn ◽  
Tanzeel Arif ◽  
B Monaghan ◽  
Christopher Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Iron Metal ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Iron Titanate ◽  
Commercial Iron ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Preferential Alignment

Direct electrochemical reduction of iron ore in concentrated NaOH electrolyte has been proposed as a potential route to substantially reducing the global steel industry’s CO2 emissions. Here, we report the solid-state electro-reduction of sintered pellets formed from titanomagnetite ironsand. This commercial iron ore contains ∼4 wt.% Ti which is directly incorporated within the magnetite lattice. At 110 °C, these pellets are electrochemically reduced and exhibit a well-defined reaction front which moves into the pellet as the reaction progresses. The electro-reduction process selectively produces iron metal, whilst the Ti content is not reduced. Instead, Ti becomes enriched in segregated oxide inclusions, which are subsequently transformed to a sodium iron titanate phase through taking up Na+ from the electrolyte. These inclusions adopt an elongated shape and appear to exhibit locally preferential alignment. This suggests that they may nucleate from the microscopic titanohematite lamellae which naturally occur within the original ironsand particles. The expulsion of contaminant Ti-oxides from the final reduced metal matrix has implications for the potential to development of an industrial electrochemical iron-making process utilising titanomagnetite ore. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

scholarly journals Fate of titanium in alkaline electro-reduction of sintered titanomagnetite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Bjareborn ◽  
Tanzeel Arif ◽  
B Monaghan ◽  
Christopher Bumby
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Front ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Iron Metal ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Iron Titanate ◽  
Commercial Iron ◽  
Ti Content ◽  
Preferential Alignment

Direct electrochemical reduction of iron ore in concentrated NaOH electrolyte has been proposed as a potential route to substantially reducing the global steel industry’s CO2 emissions. Here, we report the solid-state electro-reduction of sintered pellets formed from titanomagnetite ironsand. This commercial iron ore contains ∼4 wt.% Ti which is directly incorporated within the magnetite lattice. At 110 °C, these pellets are electrochemically reduced and exhibit a well-defined reaction front which moves into the pellet as the reaction progresses. The electro-reduction process selectively produces iron metal, whilst the Ti content is not reduced. Instead, Ti becomes enriched in segregated oxide inclusions, which are subsequently transformed to a sodium iron titanate phase through taking up Na+ from the electrolyte. These inclusions adopt an elongated shape and appear to exhibit locally preferential alignment. This suggests that they may nucleate from the microscopic titanohematite lamellae which naturally occur within the original ironsand particles. The expulsion of contaminant Ti-oxides from the final reduced metal matrix has implications for the potential to development of an industrial electrochemical iron-making process utilising titanomagnetite ore. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Study on Direct Reduction Process of Cylindrical Briquetting Hematite

2020 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Andinnie Juniarsih ◽  
Anistasia Milandia ◽  
Actur Saktianto ◽  
Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Direct Reduction Process ◽  
Rate Study

There are two types of iron resources such as primary iron ore and iron sand. In general, primary iron ores use as raw materials in iron and steel making and can reduce directly. In Direct reduction process, Fe2O3 (hematite) is converted to metallic iron by the removal of oxygen. This work presents a heat transfer rate study for direct reduction process of iron ore cylindrical briquette. An investigation has been carried out of different reduction parameter such as different sizes cylindrical geometry over temperatures ranging from 700°C to 1100°C for reaction time from 10 minutes to 1 hour. The result was indicated that the value of the heat transfer rate decreases in the core and outer parts of the cylinder briquettes.

scholarly journals An Analytical Way to Comparing the Affective Parameters on Iranian Pellet Strength

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Y. Shajari ◽  
A. Reyhanizadeh ◽  
N. Towhidi ◽  
Z. S. Seyedraoufi ◽  
H. Bakhtiari
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Sponge Iron ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Iron Ore Pellets ◽  
Ore Pellets ◽  
Iron And Steel Production

Iron ore pellets are the raw materials for direct reduction process of iron ore to sponge iron pellets and is an important step in the iron and steel production chain. Many of the defects in direct reduction and steel making processes could be identify in the iron ore processing stage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to select the correct suppliers of iron ore pellets for direct reduction units based on criteria affecting the strength of cooked pellets, which played a key role in optimizing the production criteria of sponge iron and ultimately increasing production efficiency in the steelmaking stage which can be very effective. For this purpose, using the hierarchical analysis model, the parameters affecting the strength of pellets have been identified and studied by experts of several iron and steel production units, and finally, for example, several iron ore pellet production plants have been compared and ranked. According to AHP decision criteria, particle size is the most important parameter affecting the strength of cooked pellets.

Thermodynamic study of reduction process of Bapy deposit iron ore concentrate by coal of Karazhyra deposit

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-271
Author(s):  
I. A. Rybenko ◽  
B. A. Edil’baev ◽  
O. I. Nokhrina ◽  
I. D. Rozhikhina ◽  
E. V. Protopopov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
Iron Ore Concentrate

In modern ferrous metallurgy, direct reduction of iron from iron ore materials is becoming increasingly common. In order to assess the feasibility of using a particular technology, it is necessary to obtain information on the reduction processes of iron oxides. Taking into consideration that experimental research is usually expensive, a computational experiment is optimal, which allows to draw conclusions about the behavior of the studied objects on the basis of modeling high-temperature processes in complex thermodynamic systems with physicochemical transformations under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. As a modeling tool, the Terra software complex created at the Moscow State Technical University named after N. E. Bauman was used. As a result of thermodynamic studies boundaries of redox processes are identified and optimal temperature and consumption of reducing agent were determined, which provide maximum degree of iron reduction. The results of simulation of iron reduction process from iron ore concentrate obtained during concentration of iron ore of Bapy deposit, by coal of Karazhyra deposit (Kazakhstan) are presented. Dependencies of composition and volume of gas phase, formed as a result of volatile coal components emission in the process of heating, degree of iron reduction at various coal consumption rates on the temperature was established. It was found that the complete reduction of iron occurs at a coal consumption of 25 kg/100 kg of concentrate and a temperature of 1013 K, and the further increase in the consumption of the reducing agent leads only to a change in the ratio of CO and SO2 in the gas phase towards a decrease in the oxidative potential and an increase in the temperature of completion of the reducing process.

The global iron industry and the Anthropocene

2020 ◽  
pp. 205301962098233
Author(s):  
Kevin Mallinger ◽  
Martin Mergili
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Rock Overburden

Iron ore is the most mined metal and the second most mined mineral in the world. The mining of iron ore and the processing of iron and steel increased sharply during the 20th century and peaked at the beginning of the 21st century. Associated processes along the iron ore cycle (mining, processing, recycling, weathering) such as the massive displacement of rock, the emission of waste and pollutants, or the weathering of products resulted in long-term environmental and stratigraphic changes. Key findings link the iron ore industry to 170 gigatons of rock overburden, a global share of CO2 with 7.6%, mercury with 7.4%, and a variety of other metals, pollutants, and residues. These global changes led to physical, chemical, biological, magnetic, and sequential markers, which are used for the justification of the Anthropocene. The potential markers vary significantly regarding their persistence and measurability, but key findings are summarised as TMPs (Technogenic Magnetic Particles), SCPs (Spheroidal Carbonaceous fly ash Particles), POPs (Persistent Organic Particles), heavy metals (vanadium, mercury, etc.), as well as steel input and steel corrosion residues.

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