Seasonal Characteristics of Subsoil Salinity of Coastal Parks in Shanghai

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1710-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Peng Lü ◽  
Yue Che ◽  
Zhao Yi Shang ◽  
Kai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Coastal Parks

Vegetation in coastal parks is more sensitive and fragile to subsoil salinity. 600 subsoil samples in a newly-developed coastal park and 1800 subsoil samples in three old non-coastal parks in Shanghai, China were collected. The subsoil salinity of coastal park is 4.83 times higher than that of non-coastal parks. The average subsoil salinities in Spring and Winter are higher than that in Summer and Autumn. Collaborative vertical trend of subsoil salinity for four seasons is significant (p<0.05). Therefore, the ditches should be adjusted for salt elimination according to location of highly saline plaques, and seepage interception projects should be set up between green-space and unimproved land and the vegetation should be watered more frequently in Spring than that in other seasons.

scholarly journals Whole-soil warming alters microbial community, but not concentrations of plant-derived soil organic carbon in subsoil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrill Zosso ◽  
Nicholas O.E. Ofiti ◽  
Jennifer L. Soong ◽  
Emily F. Solly ◽  
Margaret S. Torn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Set Up

&lt;p&gt;Soils will warm in near synchrony with the air over the whole profiles following global climate change. It is largely unknown how subsoil (below 30 cm) microbial communities will respond to this warming and how plant-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) will be affected. Predictions how climate change will affect the large subsoil carbon pool (&gt;50 % of SOC is below 30 cm soil depth) remain uncertain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;At Blodgett forest (California, USA) a field warming experiment was set up in 2013 warming whole soil profiles to 100 cm soil depth by +4&amp;#176;C compared to control plots. We took samples in 2018, after 4.5 years of continuous warming and investigated how warming has affected the abundance and community structure of microoganisms (using phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), and plant litter (using cutin and suberin).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The warmed subsoil (below 30 cm) contained significantly less microbial biomass (28%) compared to control plots, whereas the topsoil remained unchanged. Additionally below 50 cm, the microbial community was different in warmed as compared to control plots. Actinobacteria were relatively more abundant and Gram+ bacteria adapted their cell-membrane structure to warming. The decrease in microbial abundance might be related to lower SOC concentrations in warmed compared to control subsoils. In contrast to smaller SOC concentrations and less fine root mass in the warmed plots, the concentrations of the plant polymers suberin and cutin did not change. Overall our results demonstrate that already four seasons of simulated whole-soil warming caused distinct depth-specific responses of soil biogeochemistry: warming altered the subsoil microbial community, but not concentrations of plant-derived soil organic carbon.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hypertension and Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Large Long Term Followed Up Cohort Hypertension Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
An le li ◽  
shuai zhu ◽  
zhi hao hu ◽  
qian peng ◽  
fang xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the first cause of death in Chinese residents [1]. Hypertension (HP) has been shown to be the single most important modifiable risk factor among multiple etiologies. The incidence of stroke has increased gradually and has begun occurring at a younger age in recent years [1-2]. There were few related studies on CVD of HP cohort. Objective: To explore CVD distribution and epidemic characteristics in followed-up hypertension patients.Methods: Using the Hypertension Follow-up Management System database in Jiading district in Shanghai. We designed a retrospective cohort study that included all followed-up hypertension patients between 2002 and 2020. The endpoint was the occurrence of CVD confirmed by the hospital; otherwise, the patients were tracked until September 30, 2020. Record information of every patient has been collected in the registration card and each followed-up record.Results: Among 166688 followed-up HP patients, the total cumulative incidence of CVD was 6.68% (male 7.02%, female 6.37%) during follow-up period, cumulative incidence of ischemic CVD, hemorrhagic CVD and unclassified stroke was respectively 4.76%, 0.40% and 1.53%. Cumulative incidence of CVD increased with age, the group under 30 was 0, and the group over 70 was the highest (9.24%). The higher blood pressure was, the higher prevalence of CVD was. The prevalence of CVD increased with duration of HP, 3.76% within one year and 11.34% after 10 years. The proportion of CVD cases in HP patients from April to June was the largest in the four seasons; the proportion of patients from October to December was the minimum.Conclusion: Hypertension patient was prone to falling cerebrovascular disease; the main type of disease was cerebral infarction. Male incidence was higher than female incidence. The cumulative incidence of CVD increased with age, blood pressure and duration of HP patients. It had seasonal characteristics, which was relatively high from April to June within year.

scholarly journals Promoting Resilience and Health of Urban Citizen through Urban Green Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
Urban People ◽  
The Relationship

Urban green space (UGS) is considered as a key item of urban life. It is not only stimulating urban beauty but also help to promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. There is a debate on the role of UGS on people’s health and resilience. Therefore, this study intends to reveal the potential of UGS for promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. A PRISMA guided systematic review of literature has been conducted over the last 10 years. Finally, 29 most relevant documents have been identified from existing literatures. This study argues that UGS has a positive impact on promoting resilience and health of urban citizen. Though it is a little bit difficult to explain the extent of the relationship, but many studies support the interlink between UGS and health and resilience. This study also explores a number of resilience indicators that are directly connected with UGS promote adaptive, absorptive and transformative capacity of urban people. It recommends to set up UGS properly so that urban citizen get facilities from it and enhance their resilience.

Investigation on Dioxin Level of Flue Gas, Ambient Air, Vegetation and Soil Nearby Large-Scale MSWI in Taiwan

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 2508-2516
Author(s):  
Yan Hua Wang ◽  
Gui Wei Rao ◽  
Mei Lan Chen ◽  
Jian Yuan Yu ◽  
Guo Ping Chang-Chien
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Dioxin Level ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Set Up

We set up information about Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) level in flue gas, ambient air, banyan leaves and soil nearby Muzha MSWI, located in the north of Taiwan. Total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in flue gas are 0.0995, 0.0711ng I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively, in spring, autumn, all below the emission limit regulated by Taiwan EPA, 0.1ng I-TEQ/Nm3 . The mean PCDD/F concentrations in ambient air nearby Muzha MSWIs are 0.0283, 0.0357, 0.0391 and 0.05638pg I-TEQ/Nm3, respectively at four seasons. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in banyan leaves nearby are 3.86, 0.873ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn. The mean PCDD/F concentrations in soil nearby are 1.733, 2.061ng I-TEQ/kg, respectively in spring, autumn, much lower than the emission limit in soil regulated by Taiwan EPA, 1000ng I-TEQ/kg. By comparing the PCDD/F concentration of sample at upwind and downwind sampling sites, the PCDD/F influence from Muzha MSWI on nearby ambient air, vegetation and soil is not obvious.

scholarly journals The distribution and epidemic characteristics of cerebrovascular disease in followed-up hypertension patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An-le Li ◽  
Shuai Zhu ◽  
Zhi-hao Hu ◽  
Qian Peng ◽  
Xiang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Registration Card

AbstractTo explore distribution and epidemic characteristics of CVD in followed-up HP patients. Using the Hypertension Follow-up Management System database in Jiading district in Shanghai. We designed a retrospective cohort study that included all followed-up hypertension patients between 2002 and 2020. The endpoint was the occurrence of CVD confirmed by the hospital; otherwise, the patients were tracked until September 30, 2020. Record information of every patient has been collected in the registration card and each followed-up record. Among 223,097 observational followed-up HP patients, the total number of person years of observation was 4,244,421.25 person-year, 11,143 patients had developed CVD from hypertension before the deadline, the total incidence density was 0.00263 per person-year (male 0.00292; female 0.00238) and the complication ratio of CVD in HP patients was 4.99% (male 5.25%; female 4.76%) during follow-up period. The proportion of ischemic cerebrovascular, hemorrhagic cerebrovascular and unclassified stroke was respectively 71.18%, 5.95% and 22.87% in hypertensive CVD. Complication ratio of CVD increased with age, the group under 30 was 0, and the group over 70 was the highest (6.90%). The complication ratio of grad I, grad II and grad III blood pressure were respectively 4.79%, 4.96% and 6.13%. The complication ratio was 4.92% in only high systolic blood pressure patients; 17.23% in only high diastolic blood pressure patients; 4.59% in high systolic and diastolic blood pressure patients. The peak of complication ratio of CVD was 9–10 years after the registered and followed-up. The proportion of CVD cases in HP patients from April to June was the largest in the four seasons; the proportion of patients from October to December was the minimum. HP patient was prone to falling cerebrovascular disease; the main type of disease was cerebral infarction. Complication ratio in male incidence was higher than that in female. The complication ratio of CVD increased with age, blood pressure and duration of HP patients. It had seasonal characteristics, which was relatively high from April to June within year.

Nature-Inspired Approach Using Seasonal Comparison of Wind Speed With Spectral and Statistical Analysis

2022 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Tahir Cetin Akinci ◽  
Ramazan Caglar ◽  
Gokhan Erdemir ◽  
Aydin Tarik Zengin ◽  
Serhat Seker
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Wind Speed Data ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy Systems

Seasonal analysis of wind speed includes elements of its evaluation and analysis for wind energy production in complex geographical areas. These analyses require wind energy systems to be set up, integrated, operated, and designed according to seasonal differences. Istanbul wind speed data were collected hourly and analyzed seasonally. When the results of the analysis are examined, no significant increase in seasonal transitions was observed, while certain changes were observed between summer and winter. Here, statistical analysis, Weibull distribution function, and signal processing-based PSD analysis for wind speed is performed. In addition, correlation analysis was made between the seasons. Although significant results were obtained in signal-based analyses, results were obtained for seasonal transitions in correlation analyses. Seasonal spectral densities were calculated in the spectral analysis of wind speed data. This study has important implications in terms of extraction of seasonal characteristics of wind speed, resource assessment, operation, investment, and feasibility.

scholarly journals One year of Raman-lidar measurements in Gual Pahari EUCAARI site close to New Delhi in India: seasonal characteristics of the aerosol vertical structure

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 31123-31151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Komppula ◽  
T. Mielonen ◽  
A. Arola ◽  
K. Korhonen ◽  
H. Lihavainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Delhi ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Extinction Coefficients ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Lidar Ratio ◽  
One Year

Abstract. One year of multi-wavelength (3+2) Raman lidar measurements at Gual Pahari, close to Delhi, were analysed. The data was split into four seasons: spring (March–May), summer (June–August), autumn (September–November) and winter (December–February). The vertical profiles of backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio and their variability during each season are presented. The measurements revealed that, on average, the aerosol layer was at its highest in spring (5.5 km). In summer, the vertically averaged (between 1–3 km) backscatter and extinction coefficients had the highest averages (3.3 Mm−1 sr−1 and 142 Mm−1 at 532 nm, respectively). Aerosol concentrations were slightly higher in summer compared with other seasons, and particles were larger in size. The autumn showed the highest lidar ratio and high extinction-related Ångström exponents (AEext), indicating the presence of smaller probably absorbing particles. The winter had the lowest backscatter and extinction coefficients, but AEext was the highest, suggesting still a large amount of small particles.

scholarly journals BULL BEEF PRODUCTION: THE 'TUAPAKA' EXPERIENCE

1988 ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. Mcrae
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A bull-beef system based on buying 8 week old replacement calves and selling bulls at 15-20 months of age was set up prior to the winter of 1983. A commercial venture, it was set up to provide information on calf-to-20-month bull beef systems. Average carcass weights (CW) at slaughter have been 212 kg, 231 kg, 237 kg and 208 kg for the four seasons reported. The margin per ha (sales less replacement costs) in each of those years has been $798, $1380, $875, and $720 respectively. Data collected regularly on average pasture cover and animal livewetght are used to allow management to respond appropriately lo climatic variability, especially through the autumn and winter, and ensure that liveweight (LW) targets are met before summer dry spells. Keywords: pasture cover, target liveweights, profitability

Seasonal characteristics of CO2fluxes above urban green space in the Pearl River Delta, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
孙春健 SUN Chunjian ◽  
王春林 WANG Chunlin ◽  
申双和 SHEN Shuanghe ◽  
张锦标 ZHANG Jinbiao
Keyword(s):  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
The Pearl River

Study on Seasonal Characteristics of PM 2.5 in Harbin

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1246-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Kun Huang ◽  
Guang Zhi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Natural Emissions ◽  
Seasonal Characteristic ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Distribution Trends

In order to investigate the seasonal characteristic of PM2.5, PM2.5 were collected in four seasons. This study investigates the elemental characteristics of PM2.5. The results show that the distribution trends of Ca, Na, and Mg are consistent and they are the highest in summer, lowest in winter. S is lower in summer and higher in autumn and winter, which is also caused by heating in autumn and winter. Si is higher in winter and lower in autumn, fly ash emissions from coal combustion is the main reason. Zn and K have a significant seasonal variation which is influenced by environmental factors in different seasons. Al and Fe mainly come from industrial emissions and natural emissions, Al is higher in summer and lower in winter, Fe is higher in winter lower in autumn. Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni, Mn, Sr, V, As, and Ba concentrations have lower content in four seasons, which indicates that emissions sources of these elements are more stable.

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