Characterization of Water-Soluble Anions of PM2.5 Aerosols in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1644-1647
Author(s):  
Qiong Yu Liu ◽  
Jun Ting Jiang ◽  
Rui Qi Liu ◽  
Jun Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Particle Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Measured Water

The pollution characterizations of water-soluble anions of PM2.5(fine particle matter with aerodynamical diameter <2.5 m="" in="" wuhan="" economic="" and="" technological="" development="" zone="" china="" were="" studied="" during="" april="" 2013="" the="" concentration="" of="" pm="" sub="">2.5 and four kinds of water-soluble anions that consisted of fluoride (F-), chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), and nitrate (NO3-) were determined. The results indicated that the urban air quality in Wuhan was polluted by fine particle matter to some extent. During the monitoring period, there were 50% of the daily mean concentration of PM2.5exceeded the China second-class ambient air quality standards (75μgm-3). The concentrations of water-soluble anions in PM2.5followed the order of SO42-> NO3-> F-> Cl-. SO42-and NO3-were the dominant anions in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, and contributed more than 70% to the total measured water-soluble anions. The mean ratio of NO3-and SO42-in PM2.5was calculated to be 0.49, which indicated that coal combustion was the major source of PM2.5in Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, China.

scholarly journals Compliance and port air quality features with respect to ship fuel switching regulation: a field observation campaign, SEISO-Bohai

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 4899-4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Zhang ◽  
Fanyuan Deng ◽  
Hanyang Man ◽  
Mingliang Fu ◽  
Zhaofeng Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hourly Concentration ◽  
Low Sulfur

Abstract. Since 1 January 2017, ships berthed at the core ports of three designated “domestic emission control areas” (DECAs) in China should be using fuel with a sulfur content less than or equal to 0.5 %. In order to evaluate the impacts of fuel switching, a measurement campaign (SEISO-Bohai) was conducted from 28 December 2016 to 15 January 2017 at Jingtang Harbor, an area within the seventh busiest port in the world. This campaign included meteorological monitoring, pollutant monitoring, aerosol sampling and fuel sampling. During the campaign, 16 ship plumes were captured by the on-shore measurement site, and 4 plumes indicated the usage of high-SF (SF refers to the sulfur content of marine fuels). The average reduction of the mean ΔNOx∕ΔSO2 ratio from high-sulfur plumes (3.26) before 1 January to low-sulfur plumes (12.97) after 1 January shows a direct SO2 emission reduction of 75 %, consistent with the sulfur content reduction (79 %). The average concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm), NOx, SO2, O3 and CO during campaign were 147.85 µg m−3, 146.93, 21.91, 29.68 ppb and 2.21 ppm, respectively, among which NOx reached a maximum hourly concentration of 692.6 ppb, and SO2 reached a maximum hourly concentration of 165.5 ppb. The mean concentrations of carbonaceous and dominant ionic species in particles were 6.52 (EC – elemental carbon), 23.10 (OC – organic carbon), 22.04 (SO42-), 25.95 (NO3-) and 13.55 (NH4+) µg m−3. Although the carbonaceous species in particles were not significantly affected by fuel switching, the gas and particle pollutants in the ambient air exhibited clear and effective improvements due to the implementation of low-sulfur fuel. Comparison with the prevailing atmospheric conditions and a wind map of SO2 variation concluded a prompt SO2 reduction of 70 % in ambient air after fuel switching. Given the high humidity at the study site, this SO2 reduction will abate the concentration of secondary aerosols and improve the acidity of particulate matter. Based on the enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, vanadium was identified as a marker of residual fuel ship emissions, decreasing significantly by 97.1 % from 309.9 ng m−3 before fuel switching to 9.1 ng m−3 after regulation, which indicated a crucial improvement due to the implementation of low-sulfur fuels. Ship emissions were proven to be significantly influential both directly and indirectly on the port environment and the coastal areas around Bohai Bay, where the population density reaches over 650 people per square kilometer. The results from this study report the positive impact of fuel switching on the air quality in the study region and indicate a new method for identifying the ship fuel type used by vessels in the area.

scholarly journals Bioavailability and Risk Profile of Toxic Metals in Size Segregated Particulate Matter at different Traffic Junctions of Northern India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Tiwari ◽  
Akshay Botle ◽  
Prabal Singh ◽  
Ajay Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Rural Pollution

Abstract Air quality at two traffic junctions representing GLA (highway pollution) and Iradatnagar (rural pollution) was evaluated In India. Present study aimed to determine the concentration of size-segregated PM with characterization of metals at different traffic junctions (Agra and Mathura). PM2.5-1.0 and PM1.0-0.5 was measured with the help of Cascade SioutasImpactor during the study period December to January 2018.The size fraction of PM2.5-1.0 was found higher at GLA (350.92µg/m3) followed by Iradatnagar site (329.12µg/m3) whereas average value of size fraction of PM1.0-0.5 was found higher at Iradatnagar site (361.01µg/m3) in comparison with GLA (313.47µg/m3) respectively. The average PM2.5 concentration in all the sampling sites was found 7-8 higher times than National Ambient Air Quality Standards (60µg/m3) (NAAQS, India). Twelve Metals (Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pband Zn) subsequently determined by ICP-OES. Al, Ba, Ca, and Mg, were found higher comparison to other metals. Metals source identification was done by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The average value of HQs was found higher for PM1.0-0.5 size fraction. HQ values were recorded higher for GLA sampling site it was 7.95 for PM2.5-1.0 and 9.50 for PM1.0-0.5 fraction. Overall, the observed HQs values far exceeded the acceptable level. The trend of average value of carcinogenic risk factor was found higher than prescribed limit (1*10-6) for an adult and child respectively.

scholarly journals Insignificant Impact of the “Stay-At-Home” Order on Ambient Air Quality in the Memphis Metropolitan Area, U.S.A.

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunrong Jia ◽  
Xianqiang Fu ◽  
Debra Bartelli ◽  
Larry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Baseline Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
At Home

The lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been reported to reduce ambient air pollution in many cities globally. This study aims to examine whether air pollution dropped in Memphis, a typical U.S. metropolitan city and transportation hub, during the lockdown from 25 March to 4 May, 2020. Daily air pollution data measured at five representative monitoring stations in the Memphis Metropolitan Area were downloaded from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Air Quality System. The mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone during the lockdown were compared with the baseline concentrations measured during the same periods in 2017–2019 using linear regression models. The average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduced by 57% in this region during the lockdown compared to that during 1–24 March, 2020. The mean (± standard deviation) concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and ozone were 7.5 ± 2.6 μg/m3, 16.5 ± 9.4 ppb, and 44.5 ± 8.4 ppb, respectively, during the lockdown. They did not statistically differ from the baseline concentrations, nor were they lower than the mean concentrations in the prior month (25 February–24 March, 2020), after accounting for meteorological conditions. The lack of effect could be explained by the small contribution of traffic emissions to air pollution. The results suggest that the “stay-at-home” order had an insignificant impact on reducing air pollution in Memphis.

Characterization of Ambient Air Quality in Selected Urban Areas in Uganda: A Low-Cost Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deo Okure ◽  
Engineer Bainomugisha ◽  
Nancy Lozano-Gracia ◽  
Maria Edisa Soppelsa
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Cost Approach

Respiratory Symptoms and Spirometric Observations in Relation to Atmospheric Pollutants in a Sample of Urban Population

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Satish Kumar ◽  
C.E. Prasad ◽  
N. Balakrishna ◽  
K. Visweswara Rao ◽  
P. Uma Maheswara Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean

The prevalence of respiratory problems and the ventilatory functions in subjects belonging to three sample areas with different levels of pollution was studied to ascertain if there is any association between air pollutant levels and abnormal ventilatory functions. The predominant activity existing in that area served as the basis for stratification of the city into industrial (Group I), commercial (Group II) and residential (Group III) areas. Ambient air quality data of suspended particulate matter SPM, SO2 and NOx of the three sample areas were measured using standard methods. 216 men included in the study were administered the American Thoracic Society - Division of Lung Diseases ATS-DLD respiratory questionnaire, clinically examined and subjected to routine laboratory investigations. Spirometry and salbutamol reversibility tests were performed as per the ATS guidelines 1991. The mean and peak levels of SPM in the commercial area and the peak levels in the residential area were higher than the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The mean and peak levels of NOx and SO2 in all the three areas were lower than the NAAQS. A high prevalence of ∼ 30-50% of respiratory symptoms was reported in the present study. Respiratory and ventilatory abnormalities were higher in the commercial areas, which are associated with the higher mean and peak levels of SO 2 and the peak levels of NOx. The pollution control measures should also aim at the peak levels of pollutants as they have been shown to exacerbate the respiratory symptoms in the present study. Asia Pac J Public Health 2000;12(2): 58-64

scholarly journals Preliminary Results of Air Pollution Status in Selected Roadsides in Jalingo, Taraba State Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Maxwell Obia Kanu ◽  
Terkaa Victor Targema ◽  
Gideon Maumee Abednego
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Mean Concentration

The rapid increase in vehicular activities in the past two centuries contributes vastly to air pollution levels. In as much as Social interactions and economic growth are well enhanced by vehicular transportation in many developing countries, it is unfortunate that exhausts from vehicles contribute immensely to ambient air quality especially in the urban areas. The concentrations of carbon monoxides (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in selected roadsides in Jalingo have been assessed. Four roads were used as sample locations where the concentration of CO2 and CO were measured using an air quality meter for four weeks. The mean concentration of CO2 and CO obtained were respectively as follows: 542.25 ppm and 7.49 ppm for the roadblock, 540.05 ppm and 5.55 ppm for Hammaruwa way, 598.81 ppm and 17.42 ppm for market road, and 463.80 ppm and 1.08 ppm for Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) road (control). Based on the acceptable limit of CO2 (600 ppm), the Roadblock road, Hammaruwa way, and the NLC/control road are safe. Only the market road had value that exceeded the acceptable limit, and it may be attributed to high vehicular activities on the roadsides. Therefore, more alternative roads should be constructed in other to minimize traffic congestion and also, the use of nose masks should be encouraged. For the CO, all the sites are safe because they fall within the acceptable level of CO (1-70 ppm).

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