The Potential of Starch as an Eco-Friendly Binder in Injection Moulding of 316L Stainless Steel for Medical Devices Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor‘aini Wahab ◽  
Mohd Afian Omar ◽  
Nor Amalina Nordin ◽  
Rosliza Sauti

Two starch/wax based binders were formulated for metal injection moulding of 316L stainless steel. The formulations difffer in term of the starch type which substitute the backbone polyethelene. Feedstock having powder loading of the stainless steel powder up to 65 vol.% can be injection moulded successfully. Solvent debinding was performed in water at a temperature of 60°C for 3 hours and followed by immersion n-heptane for duration of 2 hours to remove the residual wax. The remaining binder was thermally extracted at 4500 with heating rate of 3°C/min, with no defects. The parts were then sintered in vacuum atmosphere within a temperature range of 1300°C to 1380°C. Approximately, 6.8 g/cm3theoretical density, hardness of 188.8 HV and tensile strength of 229.3 MPawere achieved for cassava starch/wax based binder while rice starch/wax based binder possessed 8.6g/cm3theoretical density, hardness of 385 HV and tensile strength of 462.1 MPa.

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 1088-1091
Author(s):  
Mei Yuan Ke

Warm compacting behavior and sintering performance of 316L stainless steel powders were studied. Results showed that green density and strength of samples made in warm compaction were much higher than that in cold compaction. Under pressure of 700MPa, green density and strength in warm compaction were 7.01 g•cm-3and 30.7MPa, which were higher than cold compaction by 0.19 g•cm-3and 10.7MPa. When sintered in hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes, sintered density, tensile strength and elongation all increased with the rise of sintering temperature. At 1300°C, Sintered density, tensile strength and elongation were 7.42 g•cm-3, 545MPa, 28.0%, respectively.


2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Afian Omar

Bahan pengikat pengacuan yang terdiri daripada polietilina glikol (PEG) dan polimetil metakrilate (PMMA) telah dihasilkan untuk proses pengacuan suntikan logam. Penyediaan bahan suapan adalah secara kaedah basah di mana PMMA adalah dalam bentuk emulsi dengan saiz serbuk antara 0.1 µm hingga 0.2 µm. Oleh itu, untuk menghindarkan proses pengeringan, satu kaedah baru penyediaan bahan suapan dalam bentuk percampuran kering telah dilakukan. Untuk ini, PMMA yang digunakan adalah terdiri daripada serbuk PMMA komersial berjenama Elvacite yang mempunyai saiz serbuk 100 µm dan juga serbuk PMMA yang didapati daripada proses pengeringan emulsi yang dikisar dan diayak hingga ke saiz serbuk 53 µm. Bahan suapan tersebut telah dicampur ke dalam mesin pencampur bilah sigma selama dua jam pada suhu 120°C. Bahan suapan kemudian disemperit panas sebelum dilakukan proses pengacuan. Keputusan uji kaji menunjukkan dalam semua kes, didapati PMMA telah menyerak secara tidak sekata. Ini seterusnya meningkatkan lagi bahan teracu untuk mengampul semasa proses pengurasan dan menyebabkan bahan tersinter mempunyai banyak keliangan. Walau bagaimanapun, adalah dirumuskan bahawa dengan menggunakan serbuk PMMA yang bersaiz lebih kecil, produk yang lebih baik akan diperolehi. Kata kunci: Percampuran kering, pengacuan suntikan logam, pengsinteran, bahan suapan, serbuk keluli tahan karat 316L An injection moulding binder, which is composed of poly ethylene glycols (PEGs) of various molecular weights and poly methylmethacrylate (PMMA), has been developed for injection of metal powders. Feedstocks have been prepared using a wet process with PMMA introduced in the form of an emulsion with particles of 0.1 to 0.2 µm in size. To eliminate the drying process, an attempt has been made to prepare the feedstock using a dry mixing process using 316L stainless steel powder as a model material. For this, the PMMA used was either a commercial powder, Elvacite, with a particle size of up to 100 m or a powder obtained by drying the emulsion and grinding the resultant cake, followed by classification using 53 µm sieves. The feestock constituents were mixed into a sigma blade mixer for 2 hours at mixing temperature of 120°C. The feedstock was then hot extruded using piston injection moulding machine prior to being moulded. It was found in all cases that PMMA was poorly dispersed. This resulted in an increased tendency for the moulded bars to swell on being leached and the sintered bars to have a substantial residual porosity. This study suggests that by using small particles of PMMA powder, an acceptable product could be obtained. Key words: Dry mixing, metal injection moulding, sintering, feedstock, 316L stainless steel powder


1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Anwar ◽  
P. F. Messer ◽  
B. Ellis ◽  
H. A. Davies

2014 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istikamah Subuki ◽  
Junaidah Jai ◽  
Ismail Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Norita Hassan ◽  
Mohd Afian Omar

Owing to several steps involved in metal injection moulding (MIM) process, it is important to understand the interactions between metal powder and binder mixture particularly during mixing, injection moulding and debinding. A polar organic compound generally forms hydrogen bonds more readily with metal powder because of acid-base interactions. In this study, the interaction of local binder system comprised of; palm stearin (PS) and thermoplastic natural rubber (TPNR) with conventional binder; polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and paraffin wax (PW) and mixed with 316L stainless steel powder were investigated. The results showed that all the binder have high interaction with 316L stainless steel that make, the resulting the bonding sufficiently strong and suitable for MIM process. Keywords: Chemical interaction, Injection Moulding, Binder, Rheology


Author(s):  
Xinfeng Kan ◽  
Dengcui Yang ◽  
Zhengzhi Zhao ◽  
Jiquan Sun

Abstract Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology is used to create metal parts in this paper. A binder formula is developed for 316L stainless steel powder, composed of polypropylene (PP), styrene ethylene butylene styrene (SEBS) and paraffin wax (PW). The binder is mixed with the 316L stainless steel powder to produce mixture which is then extruded into filament. The optimum binder formula, PP:SEBS:PW=5:2:2, is obtained by orthogonal experiment. After optimization, mixture viscosity is reduced, filament tensile strength is guaranteed, rigidity is improved. The filament can be printed by a desktop FFF printer to obtain green parts. Binder within the green parts can be sufficiently removed by solvent and thermal debinding, and the shape of printed parts can be maintained well. After sintering, shrunken 316L stainless steel parts can be created, some pores distributed inside. With finer metal powder, the relative density of sintered part can be increased to 96%. The research ideas of this paper can provide effective methods for the development and optimization of binder.


2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Mei Yuan Ke

Effects of Sintering atmosphere and temperature on properties of warm compacted 410L stainless steel powder were studied. Sintered density, hardness, tensile strength and elongation were measured. Results showed that in order to achieve high comprehensive properties, the optimal sintering temperature was 1230°C for 410L stainless steel powder. At the same sintering temperature, density and hardness sintered in vacuum were much higher than that sintered in cracked ammonia while tensile strength sintered in cracked ammonia were much higher than that in vacuum. When sintered in vacuum at 1230°C, sintered density was 7.45 g•cm-3, hardness was 65 HRB, tensile strength was 410 MPa and elongation was 29.5%. When sintered in cracked ammonia atmosphere at 1230°C, sintered density was 7.26 g•cm-3, hardness was 97 HRB, tensile strength was 515 MPa and elongation was 3.8%.


2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3664-3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Qing Song Wei ◽  
Guang Ke Lin ◽  
Xiao Zhao ◽  
Yu Sheng Shi

316L stainless steel parts were manufactured via selective laser melting . This work stu- dies the effects of powder characteristics such as particle size and particle shape composition on the density. It shows that the powder with a broad size distribution and using spherical fine powder can lead to an increase in the density of the loose powder and thus the densification of the laser melted powder. The aerosol powder forms parts of lower oxygen content well, and the density can reach to 90%.


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