Designers’ Willingness Assessment to Use Recycled and Salvaged Materials in Landscape Architecture

2014 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 138-141
Author(s):  
Zahra Balador ◽  
Zahra Raeisi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
The Other ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Statistical Results

Using salvages and reused materials is an effort to conserve energy and other resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions; on the other hand, these materials cost a fraction of the price of new. The information generated by this study revealed several useful material management guidelines. Statistical results shows that designers who are educated about these products and how they can be used, are interested in using recycled materials, and can potentially decrease the amount of trash being produced on a much larger level. All information was obtained from product brochures, manufacturer websites, visiting construction sites, statistical analysis and conversations with designers.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Excavation on Residential Construction Sites

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Forsythe ◽  
Grace Ding
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Residential Construction ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Flat Base ◽  
Footprint Area ◽  
Cut And Fill

Despite considerable research concerning the manifestation of greenhouse gases in the usage of buildings, little has been done concerning emissions arising from the construction process itself. This paper specifically examines emissions arising from cut and fill excavation on residential construction sites. Even though such excavation is often seen as being economical in terms of providing a flat base for concrete raft slab construction, the environmental consequences of this approach need to be considered more fully in terms of impact on the environment. This is particularly important when steeply sloping sites are involved and for different soil types. The paper undertakes a study that quantitatively assesses the cumulative greenhouse gas emissions caused by cut and fill excavation on 52 residential projects in Australia for a range of slope and soil types. The paper presents results from the study and concludes that greenhouse gas emissions increase as site slope increases; the building footprint area (as distinct from Gross Floor Area), exposes the need to reduce the area of the building to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; excavation of rock soils creates higher emissions than other soil types; and cut and fill excavation on steeply slope sites increase emissions. Potential alternative construction includes suspended floor construction systems which involve less excavation. 

Allocation Optimization Problem for Peruvian Food Bank

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos-Caycho ◽  
Renzo A. Benavente-Sotelo ◽  
Yasser A. Hidalgo-Gómez ◽  
Christian A. Blas-Bazán ◽  
Pamela Ivonne Borja-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Food insecurity is a recurrent condition in which members of a household do not have enough food to cover their nutritional needs; this condition contributes to increasing social vulnerability of those affected. In Peru, there are more than 9 million people who suffer this condition, which generates malnutrition and anemia, mostly in children. On the other hand, the waste of food is associated with production the large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions that affect global warming. According to reports in Peru, 20% of what is food produced becomes waste. This scenario in terms of food for Peruvians represents 3 billion calories in wasted food that could feed 2 million people. The Peruvian Food Bank manages food donations, ensuring this food can reach people in need through humanitarian aid entities. This applied research work uses the tools of operations research to determine a solution to the problem of maximizing the combination of food orders to be distributed based on their total nutritional value to the beneficiaries, seeking maximum coverage and minimum logistic costs.

scholarly journals The Production of Gaseous Biofuels Using Biomass Waste from Construction Sites in Recife, Brazil

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Sergio Peres ◽  
Eduardo Loureiro ◽  
Humberto Santos ◽  
Fabio Vanderley e Silva ◽  
Alexandre Gusmao
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Lower Heating Value

Due to climate change problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions generated by fossil fuels and from waste disposition, fuel alternatives for power generation are being extensively researched. Currently, in Brazil and in many countries, wood waste is disposed in landfills. However, due to lignin, one of the major constituents of biomass, which prevents wood waste from suffering microbial degradation, there is no significant mass degradation, even over decades, when landfilled. Hence, landfilling is not a solution to discard wood waste. Hence, one of the solutions to get rid of the great amount of wood waste is to use it as feedstock in waste-to-electricity (WTE) projects. WTE projects are in high demand in the world, as they can replace fossil fuels and they reduce two major environmental problems (greenhouse gas emissions due to the use of fossil fuels and the accumulation of waste in landfills), while generating biofuels and/or electricity. One of the residues that can be used in WTE projects is biomass residue from construction sites (CCbiowaste). CCbiowaste could be converted into gaseous biofuels through pyrolysis or gasification. These gaseous biofuels can be used in Otto engines connected to an electricity generator (gensets) to produce electricity and/or heat (cogeneration applications). Hence, the objective of this research was to characterize (physically, chemically, and energetically) civil construction biomass wastes (CCbiowaste), produced in a residential building construction site in Recife, Brazil, and to use these wastes in a bench-scale gasifier to produce gaseous biofuels at the temperatures of 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. The gaseous fuels were collected in the gasifier and analyzed in a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) to determine their composition and heating values. The lower heating value (LHV) results varied from 8.07 MJ∙m−3 to 10.74 MJ∙m−3 for 700 °C to 900 °C gasification temperature. These gaseous fuels were tested in an adapted Otto cycle engine connected to an electricity generator to prove the feasibility of this application. The highest total energy per ton of biomass was obtained for mixed wood and Pinus at 900 °C, with approximately 13 GJ∙ton−1. Hence, the use of CCbiowaste can become an option for the reuse of wasted wood instead of simply dumping in a landfill.

CALCULATING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A CHEMICAL PLANT: A CASE STUDY OF AKZONOBEL

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL STEIN ◽  
ANSHUMAN KHARE
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Production And Consumption

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the key requirements for sustainable production and consumption, but while the Canadian chemical industry has been very successful in reducing emissions to water and air, and while non- CO2 greenhouse gas emissions have been minimised as well, reduction of CO2 emissions has been less successful. The industry itself forecasts that further reduction of CO2 emissions will be minimal. On the other hand concerns about global warming are increasing, while at the same time the chemical industry increases its commitment to sustainability. Determining the carbon footprint of a chemical plant and of its products will help to identify more emissions reduction possibilities and is a necessary step for the further reduction of the chemical industry's environmental impact. Carbon footprint determination is a corporate goal for AkzoNobel, an international coatings and specialty chemicals company, but the carbon footprint is not yet established for many products, and the information available from the chemical industry is scarce. This paper presents a case study of AkzoNobel's Saskatoon Plant and its attempt to calculate and analyse the carbon footprint of the plant and its main products which are used in the potash industry.

Causes and consequential costs of anthropogenic climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
David Novak ◽  
Christian Synwoldt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
The One

On the one hand, this paper examines the costs directly caused by climate change, also com- paring the possible costs for preventing damage; on the other hand, it compares the effects of the radiation propulsion caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on anthropogen- ic heat generation through the use of all types of fuels. In addition to the global warming ef- fect caused by anthropogenic heat radiation, there are also local heat islands that are affect- ed by a much greater rise in temperature. Purpose: A cost comparison of the damage caused by climate change and a quantitative com- parison of the direct heat development through the use of fuels with the radiative forcing through anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.Design / methodology / approach: In both cases, the research method is based on the analysis of public databases such as the International Energy Agency (IAE), as well as published lit- erature on global energy supply and the Federal Statistical Office. Results: The expected consequential damage caused by climate change will probably present most states with insoluble financial burdens. The radiation propulsion from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions makes an 80 times greater contribution to global warming than the anthropogenic heat generation from all types of fuels. Research / practical implications: Future research should show the consequences for the economy and the acquisition of money on the one hand and on the other hand include the ef- fects of global warming and the heat islands, both of which lead to a loss of habitat. Originality / Value: This paper has both the expected follow-up costs in view as well as the causes and effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals An assessment of the wind power dynamics in the European coastal environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Rusu ◽  
Alexandra Diaconita ◽  
Alina Raileanu
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Future Time Period

The objective of the proposed work is to assess the possible wind power dynamics along the European coastal environment in the context of the very predictable future development of the offshore wind energy extraction. From this perspective, 15 reference points have been selected in the Baltic, Mediterranean and Black seas, representing 5 representative locations for each sea, respectively. The proposed analysis is based on the wind fields provided by a Regional Climate Model (RCM) for the future time period 2021-2050. These data are processed and analysed considering the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. In the first RCP scenario (4.5), an enhancement of the greenhouse gas emissions until 2040 is considered followed afterwards by a decline. On the other hand, the second scenario assumes that the greenhouse gas emissions enhancement will continue during the entire 21st century and after. The first scenario is considered as the most realistic approach, while the second as the most pessimistic. Furthermore, in order to complete the picture an analysis of the historical wind data coming from the same RCM for the past 30-year period 1976-2005 is also carried out. In this way, a more comprehensive image of the wind power dynamics in the some relevant locations from the European coastal environment is provided. In order to enlarge the perspective, the analysis of the historical data is also extended for some locations in the North Sea, where wind farms already operate. The results indicate a slight enhancement of the average wind power in most of the locations considered. This enhancement appears to be stronger for RCP8.5 than for RCP4.5. On the other hand, the maximum wind power is expected to have much higher peaks for RCP8.5 and this especially concerns the western side of the Black Sea. The work is still on going and the analysis will be extended in both space and time covering more coastal locations and the time period until the end of the 21 st century.

Allocation Optimization Problem for Peruvian Food Bank

2021 ◽  
pp. 670-684
Author(s):  
Ricardo Campos-Caycho ◽  
Renzo A. Benavente-Sotelo ◽  
Yasser A. Hidalgo-Gómez ◽  
Christian A. Blas-Bazán ◽  
Pamela Ivonne Borja-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Bank ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Maximum Coverage ◽  
Nutritional Needs

Food insecurity is a recurrent condition in which members of a household do not have enough food to cover their nutritional needs; this condition contributes to increasing social vulnerability of those affected. In Peru, there are more than 9 million people who suffer this condition, which generates malnutrition and anemia, mostly in children. On the other hand, the waste of food is associated with production the large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions that affect global warming. According to reports in Peru, 20% of what is food produced becomes waste. This scenario in terms of food for Peruvians represents 3 billion calories in wasted food that could feed 2 million people. The Peruvian Food Bank manages food donations, ensuring this food can reach people in need through humanitarian aid entities. This applied research work uses the tools of operations research to determine a solution to the problem of maximizing the combination of food orders to be distributed based on their total nutritional value to the beneficiaries, seeking maximum coverage and minimum logistic costs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document