Improving the Properties of Low Temperature Sintered Alumina Bodies with Granite Reject Additions

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 2212-2217
Author(s):  
Wilson Acchar ◽  
G.C.L. Silveira ◽  
Sonia Regina Homem de Mello-Castanho ◽  
Ana M. Segadães
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ornamental Stone ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Potential Use

The use of industrial waste materials as additives in the manufacture of ceramic products has been attracting a growing interest from researchers in recent years and is becoming common practice. The continued depletion of natural resources throws a new light on the potential use of some industrial wastes and natural sub-products as full-fledged alternative ceramic raw materials. This work describes the research carried out on the low temperature manufacturing of alumina bodies using, as additive, granite reject as-produced by an ornamental stone processing industry that saws granite stones into blocks and slabs in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This reject is produced in significant amounts and is discarded in sedimentation lagoons, landfill areas or simply thrown in rivers, resulting in environmental pollution. Samples containing up to 30 wt% granite reject and 5 wt% manganese oxide (constant) were uniaxially pressed and sintered in air in an electric furnace (1150-1350 °C, for 1 hour). Sintered test pieces were characterized by X-ray diffraction, apparent density, open porosity and flexural strength. The results showed that the addition of granite reject and manganese oxide enables low temperature sintering and remarkably improves the cold mechanical properties of the alumina body.

Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nkalih Mefire ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
R. Yongue Fouateu ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
N.A. Tapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clays ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.

Enamel Development and Application on the Pottery of Icoaraci

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Andre Wilson da Cruz Reis ◽  
Marlice Cruz Martelli ◽  
Roberto de Freitas Neves
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
The Village

The development of technology for the application of enamels on pieces of red pottery, in the handicraft sector, is an alternative to improve the quality of the ceramic body forming a waterproof layer that serves as a protection when used for foods and also to add a decorative effect and increase commercial value. This work develops an enameling technique in the production conditions of the artisans in the village of Icoaraci-PA/Brazil. The characterization of raw materials was performed by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, Thermogravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis. Steps for enamel preparation using commercial transparent frit and bottle glass, and the technique for applying the glaze and firing are presented. The results for the test pieces were very good with the application of transparent frit fired at 900 ° C for 3 hours.

Geopolymeric Cements Obtained by Alkaline Activation of Aluminosilicates from Industrial Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 899 ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozineide A. Antunes Boca Santa ◽  
Leticya Lais Coelho ◽  
Jarina Costa Moreira ◽  
Domingos Lusitâneo Pier Macuvele ◽  
Larissa M.F. Speranzini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Xrd Patterns

The development of geopolymer in this work prioritized the use of industrial wastes including bottom ash from the coal burning and metakaolin from purification and thermal treatment of waste paper. The main objective was the synthesis to obtaining geopolymer cement to verify the characteristics of the material. The alkaline activator used was a mixture of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in molar ratio of 12 and 15 M and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes were performed for characterization. The XRD patterns show changes in the microstructure of the feedstock. Through the micrographs it can be seen that the samples show various aspects of geopolimerization. Geopolymeric materials can be presented as a viable alternative to meet the great demand in the cement area and contribute to the utilization of industrial wastes.

scholarly journals Effects of Lizardite addition on technological properties of forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics prepared from natural magnesite and dolomite

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Manni ◽  
Achraf Harrati ◽  
Abdelilah El Haddar ◽  
Abdelwahed Chari ◽  
Ali Sdiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lizardite rich peridotite has never been used to prepare ceramic specimens, especially in Morocco. For this raison, potential use of naturally abundant lazirditic material from the Rif domain, as a supply for ceramic industry, has been evaluated. The effects of lizardite addition to magnesite and dolomite mixtures on the thermomechanical properties of the calcined ceramics were also detailed. To achieve this target, natural lizardite, magnesite and dolomite samples were collected in ultrabasic Beni Bousra massif. Those raw samples were used for the synthesis of a forsterite-monticellite rich ceramics. Both raw and sintered samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and fourier transform infrared. The obtained results showed that both magnesite and dolomite were mainly composed of MgCO3 and CaCO3. In contrast, lizardite sample showed high amounts of SiO2, MgO and Fe2O3. An increased amount of lizardite in the initial mixtures enhanced mechanical and dimensional properties of the prepared ceramic specimens, and subsequently, the production of ceramics with the required technological properties. Thus, the preparation of Moroccan lizardite-based ceramics is technically feasible, economically justifiable and socially desirable due to the contribution to the economic growth of the raw materials sector, especially ceramic industry.

Low-Temperature Self-Mixing Combustion Synthesis of Spinel LiMn2O4: Effect of Igniting Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 440-443
Author(s):  
Gui Yang Liu ◽  
Jun Ming Guo ◽  
Bao Sen Wang ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Li Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Higher Temperature

In this paper, a low-temperature self-mixing combustion synthesis method was introduced to prepare spinel LiMn2O4. Low-melting raw materials and fuel (acetate salts as starting materials and urea as fuel) were molten to a homogeneous liquid mixture at ~100°C. The mixture was then ignited and calcined at a higher temperature, final products were obtained. The products were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electric microscope (SEM). XRD analysis indicated that product with higher purity was obtained at 550°C for 5h when the molar ratio of Li:Mn:urea=1:2:4. The impurity Mn2O3 was appeared in the products when the igniting temperature >600°C, and the content of Mn2O3 increased with the increasing igniting temperatures. SEM investigation indicated that the particles of the products were small and agglomerated. The igniting temperature monitoring indicated that the combustion reaction rate increased with increasing igniting temperature, and this did not favor for the formation of LiMn2O4.

Micro X-Ray Diffraction Study of Polycrystalline MgB 2 Wire and Evaluation of Carbon Doping Effect Via Low-Temperature Sintering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Maeda ◽  
Dipak Patel, Dr. ◽  
Hiroaki Kumakura, Dr. ◽  
Gen Nishijima, Dr. ◽  
Akiyoshi Matsumoto, Dr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Carbon Doping ◽  
Doping Effect ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

The Application of X-Ray Diffraction at Elevated Temperatures to Study the Mechanism of Formation of Sodium Tripolyphosphate

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
E. L. Moore ◽  
J. S. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Phase ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Form ◽  
High Temperature Form

AbstractHigh-temperature X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to study the condensation reactions which occur when sodium orthophosphates are heated to 380°C. Crystalline Na4P2O7 and an amorphous phase were formed first from an equimolar mixture of Na2HPO4·NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 at temperatures above 150°C. Further heating resulted in the formation of Na5P3O10-I (high-temperature form) at the expense of the crystalline Na4P4O7 and amorphous phase. Crystalline Na5P3O10-II (low-temperature form) appears after Na5P3O10-I.Conditions which affect the yield of crystalline Na4P2O7 and amorphous phase as intermediates and their effect on the yield of Na5P3O10 are also presented.

scholarly journals Waste and Solar Energy: An Eco-Friendly Way for Glass Melting

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Isabel Padilla ◽  
Maximina Romero ◽  
José I. Robla ◽  
Aurora López-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Melting ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Aluminum Industry

In this work, concentrated solar energy (CSE) was applied to an energy-intensive process such as the vitrification of waste with the aim of manufacturing glasses. Different types of waste were used as raw materials: a hazardous waste from the aluminum industry as aluminum source; two residues from the food industry (eggshell and mussel shell) and dolomite ore as calcium source; quartz sand was also employed as glass network former. The use of CSE allowed obtaining glasses in the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO system at exposure time as short as 15 min. The raw materials, their mixtures, and the resulting glasses were characterized by means of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis. The feasibility of combining a renewable energy, as solar energy and different waste for the manufacture of glasses, would highly contribute to circular economy and environmental sustainability.

scholarly journals Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽  
Eduardo Garzón ◽  
Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽  
George N. Angelopoulos ◽  
Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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