Characteristic Electrical Actuation of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride): Various Electrical Functions in Relation with the Dielectric Plasticizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Hirai ◽  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Takafumi Ogiwara ◽  
Daijiro Tsurumi ◽  
Keiichi Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Creep Deformation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Anode Surface ◽  
Electrical Actuation ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Bending Actuator ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been found to be actuated by applying dc electric field, accompanying colossal strain on the anode surface, particularly when plasticized with large amount of plasticizer [1]. We call the plasticized PVC as PVC gel for convenience in this paper. The deformation has been explained only phenomenologically. However, impedance spectroscopy revealed recently the some fundamental mechanism of the actuation, that is, the deformation depends on the dielectric nature of the materials. The colossal increase of dielectric constant was induced in the gel in the low frequency range. The dependency is strongly depends on the nature of the plasticizer and its content. The phenomena observed as electrical actuation of the PVC gels were (1) Creep deformation on the anode surface, (2) Creep induced bending motion, (3) Tacking to the anode, (4) Contractile deformation, and (5) Vibrational motion by dc electric field application. Creep deformation and the excellent transparency of the gel can be utilized for focus controllable lens. Tacking force can be applied various in combination with bending deformation. Bending actuator has been successfully applied micro-finger actuator and passed for hundreds thousands times continuous operation. In this paper, we will introduce not only the various features of the actuation, but also will get into the some detailed mechanism of the deformation.

scholarly journals Передача крутящего момента проводящей частице с использованием силы Лоренца

2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
А.И. Грачев
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Conductive Particle ◽  
Particle Rotation ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cylindrical Particles

In the paper the concept of conductive particle rotation in DC electric field with including the Lorentz force providing generation of electric dipole moment of the particle is for the first time discussed. Some models of the torque transfer to spherical and cylindrical particles based on of the Hall effect at usual geometry and with additional electric field application and also in the case of implementation of the photoelectromagnetic effect are presented.

In-situ application of dc electric field on ferroelectric substances in an electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
N. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Yagi ◽  
G. Honjo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Cooling Stage ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Very High ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

A technique of in-situ application of a dc electric field on a specimen in an electron microscope has been developed to directly observe dynamic phenomena due to the electric field. In the present technique a thickness of a specimen is so thin that a very high electric field can be applied; a few volt of the potential difference across the specimen of the order of 1000 Å thick gives a field as high as 105 V/cm. An additional field application electrode was incorporated not only in a specimen heating holder but also in a liquid helium cooling stage which had been constructed in our 1aboratory. Thus, the experiments could be performed in a wide temperature range of 13-1000K. Fig.la schematically depicts a specimen holder installed in the cooling stage. The detailed arrangement around a specimen is shown in Fig.1b. An electric potential is applied between electrodes of thin A1 films vacuum deposited on the both faces of the specimen.

Effects of Electric Field on the Fracture Toughness (KIC) of PZT Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Goljahi ◽  
David Pisani ◽  
John Gallagher ◽  
Christopher S. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Ceramic PZT with a controlled crack was subjected to combined four point bending and longitudinal electric field loading to determine the fracture toughness (KIC) as a function of electric field. Application of a positive DC electric field (in the polarization direction) during mechanical loading was observed to reduce the critical stress intensity factor and application of a negative electric field increased the critical stress intensity factor.

Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy in ZnO Varistor Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 24-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Cheng ◽  
Sheng Tao Li ◽  
Jian Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Temperature Region ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Zno Varistor ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dc Electric Field

There are two kinds of charges in dielectric materials, one is bound charge, and the other is free charge. Bound charge will introduce dielectric relaxation under applied AC electric field, which will be detected with dielectric spectroscopy. Free carrier will introduce DC conduction through the sample from one electrode to the other under DC electric field. But what can we do to obtain AC and DC properties of dielectric materials at the same time? In this paper, dielectric characteristics of ZnO varistor ceramics in a wide range of frequency and temperature are reported. DC conductivity is observed at low frequency and high temperature region and grainboundary Schottky barrier is obtained further. Dielectric loss peaks are observed at high frequency and low temperature region and single grainboundary electric breakdown voltage is calculated. At the end of the paper, the advancing trend of dielectric spectroscopy is discussed.

ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF UREA/SIO2 NANOCOMPOSITE SUSPENSIONS MODIFIED BY N, N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4782-4789 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMAS BELZA ◽  
VLADIMIR PAVLINEK ◽  
IVO KURITKA ◽  
PETR SAHA ◽  
OTAKAR QUADRAT
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Field Application ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
The Difference

In this study, electrorheological (ER) behaviour of silica nanocomposite suspensions treated with urea and N , N – dimethylformamide (DMF) in DC electric field has been investigated. While the ER effect of the neat silica itself was very low, the modification of silica nanoparticles improved compatibility of the solid and liquid phase and increased considerably ER activity of the system. In contrast to maximum possible concentration about 5 wt.% of neat silica due to particle aggregation 20 wt.% suspension of treated particles with low field-off viscosity could be prepared. The dielectric measurements showed that with increasing amount of urea deposited on the silica particles both the difference between the limit values of the relative permittivities and the relaxation frequency increased. This indicates a great influence of both particle polarizability and the rate of rearrangement of the ER structure in the electric field on the ER intensity. After DMF addition the changes in dielectric properties reflected the higher ER activity. At higher particle loading (25 wt.%) mutual particle interaction increased and field-off viscosity steeply rose. The comparison of the behavior of 20 and 25 wt.% suspensions of modified particles showed that even if high yield stress at higher particle content under electric field application sets in, its relative increase indicating the ER efficiency due to high field-off value may be much lower than at lower suspension loading.

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