In-situ application of dc electric field on ferroelectric substances in an electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
N. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Yagi ◽  
G. Honjo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Cooling Stage ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Very High ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

A technique of in-situ application of a dc electric field on a specimen in an electron microscope has been developed to directly observe dynamic phenomena due to the electric field. In the present technique a thickness of a specimen is so thin that a very high electric field can be applied; a few volt of the potential difference across the specimen of the order of 1000 Å thick gives a field as high as 105 V/cm. An additional field application electrode was incorporated not only in a specimen heating holder but also in a liquid helium cooling stage which had been constructed in our 1aboratory. Thus, the experiments could be performed in a wide temperature range of 13-1000K. Fig.la schematically depicts a specimen holder installed in the cooling stage. The detailed arrangement around a specimen is shown in Fig.1b. An electric potential is applied between electrodes of thin A1 films vacuum deposited on the both faces of the specimen.

scholarly journals Передача крутящего момента проводящей частице с использованием силы Лоренца

2022 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
А.И. Грачев
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Dipole Moment ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Conductive Particle ◽  
Particle Rotation ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cylindrical Particles

In the paper the concept of conductive particle rotation in DC electric field with including the Lorentz force providing generation of electric dipole moment of the particle is for the first time discussed. Some models of the torque transfer to spherical and cylindrical particles based on of the Hall effect at usual geometry and with additional electric field application and also in the case of implementation of the photoelectromagnetic effect are presented.

scholarly journals A High-Resolution Terahertz Electric Field Sensor Using a Corrugated Liquid Crystal Waveguide

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan-Lan Xu ◽  
Yi Gong ◽  
Ya-Xian Fan ◽  
Zhi-Yong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Defect Mode ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Electric Field Sensor ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Field Sensor ◽  
Field Sensing ◽  
Very High

Liquid crystals (LCs) can always reflect variable optical properties in a broad terahertz (THz) band under external electric or magnetic fields. Based on the measurements of these varying properties, we can realize electric and magnetic field sensing with very high sensitivity. Here, we theoretically and numerically demonstrate a type of electric field sensor in the THz frequency range based on the defect mode arising in a periodically corrugated waveguide with liquid crystals. The Bragg defect structure consisting of periodically corrugated metallic walls and a defect in the middle can provide a narrow transmitted peak with controllable bandwidth, which can be used for external field sensing when it is filled with LCs. The molecular orientation of nematic LCs (E7) is not only very sensitive to the applied DC electric field but also very crucial to the effective refractive index of E7. Changing the effective index can efficiently shift the frequency of the transmitted peak in the THz spectrum. The simulated results show that the sensitivity can reach as high as 9.164 MHz/(V/m) and the smallest resolution is 0.1115 V/m. The proposed sensor and its significant performance could benefit electric field sensing and extend the applications of THz technology.

scholarly journals A rapid method of cryofixation of tissues in situ for ultracryomicrotomy.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Chang ◽  
W J Mergner ◽  
R E Pendergrass ◽  
R E Bulger ◽  
I K Berezesky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Punch Biopsy ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Tissue Specimens

A device is described for the rapid freezing of tissue in situ by a punch biopsy approach using a specially designed cryogun with a highly thermal conductive specimen holder. The cryogun consists of a sampling device using a double, spring-loaded gun mechanism and a system of cryochambers. Ultrathin freeze-dried sections cut from samples obtained with this cryogun are relatively free of artifacts and have few ice crystals. Organelles are seen by natural contrast when cryosections of approximately 1000 A are observed with a transmission electron microscope or in the transmission mode of a scanning electron microscope. The construction of the cryogun is described along with a method of obtaining improved, ultrafast cryofixation of tissue specimens. The reliability of obtaining x-ray microanalysis measurements of diffusible ions where movement within cell compartments has been retained is discussed.

NON-LINEAR TRANSPORT IN VERY HIGH LANDAU LEVELS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON SYSTEMS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (12n13) ◽  
pp. 2684-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. ZUDOV ◽  
H.-S. CHIANG ◽  
A. T. HATKE ◽  
W. ZHANG ◽  
L. N. PFEIFFER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Electron Systems ◽  
Dimensional Electron ◽  
Electron Transitions ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Phonon Absorption ◽  
Very High ◽  
Two Dimensional Electron Systems

We study magnetoresistivity oscillations induced by microwave radiation or acoustic phonons in high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems subject to dc electric field. In microwave-irradiated samples the response is governed by combined electron transitions, composed of microwave absorption and scattering off impurities. In non-irradiated samples, acoustic phonon resonances are tuned by dc electric field. Here, we show that in both experiments scattering off impurities without microwave or phonon absorption plays an important role and might even dominate the response.

Effects of Electric Field on the Fracture Toughness (KIC) of PZT Ceramics

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Goljahi ◽  
David Pisani ◽  
John Gallagher ◽  
Christopher S. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Intensity Factor ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Critical Stress ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Ceramic PZT with a controlled crack was subjected to combined four point bending and longitudinal electric field loading to determine the fracture toughness (KIC) as a function of electric field. Application of a positive DC electric field (in the polarization direction) during mechanical loading was observed to reduce the critical stress intensity factor and application of a negative electric field increased the critical stress intensity factor.

scholarly journals The New Atmospheric Scanning Electron Microscope allows in situ observation of dynamic phenomena under atmospheric pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (S2) ◽  
pp. 330-331
Author(s):  
M Suga ◽  
H Nishiyama ◽  
Y Konyuba ◽  
Y Watanabe ◽  
S Iwamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena ◽  
Scanning Electron

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.

An ultrahigh vacuum and ultrahigh resolution transmission electron microscope

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M.L. McDonald ◽  
J.M. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultrahigh Vacuum ◽  
Pole Piece ◽  
Ultrahigh Resolution ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Point To Point

Interest in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) specimen environments in the transmission electron microscope (TEM) has grown considerably in recent years. The possibility of in-situ studies of atomically clean surfaces has been demonstrated by Yagi et.al., Wilson & Petroff & others. Most designs have involved a side entry specimen holder with cryopumping in the pole piece and are not easily compatible with ultrahigh resolution(UHR) due to size and stability requirements. We have designed a differentially pumped UHV specimen chamber for the JEOL 200CX (UHRTEM). It is intended to allow examination of clean thin specimens at pressures below 10-9 torr with a point to point resolution of 2.5 Å. Provisions for in-situ heating, cooling & deposition have been made. A unique part of this design is the relatively large volume sample chamber held at UHV (figsl&2). This design allows characterization of the atmosphere to which the sample is exposed & cleaning & preparation of samples out of the pole piece which is believed to be necessary for UHRTEM. Another possibility with this design is the transfer of a sample into the TEM from other chambers by use of a transfer case without exposing the sample to an atmosphere above 10-9 torr. Extra ports have been provided to accommodate future experiments.

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