NDE/SHM of Underwater Structures: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 208-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
The People ◽  
Nondestructive Techniques ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Underwater Structures

Subsea infrastructures and broadly speaking any structure containing or surrounded by water such as water mains represent an important element of modern civilization. An arbitrary classification could consist of five groups: offshore structures that serve to extract oil or natural gas from the sea bead; communication cables; pipelines that carry oil and natural gas; naval vessels (ships and submarines); waterfront facilities such as piers, retaining walls, and docks. The occurrence of structural failure of any of these systems can have serious consequences for the people, the environment, and the economy. In this paper we describe the most important nondestructive techniques adopted to assess the health of offshore structures, pipelines, and marine facilities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Lebanese oil and gas exploration in the Mediterranean Sea: An overview and analysis of offshore platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Mohamad khaled Abed El Rahim ◽  
Moath Al Husban
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Oil Gas

Offshore structures are used around the world for many functions, and these structures vary according to the depth of the water, the depth of water and environmental conditions are the main factors that determine the type of platform and method of drilling, appropriate planning, manufacturing, transportation, installation, and start-up. At the beginning of the twentieth century, oil and natural gas were discovered in the Middle East, specifically in the Lebanese basin. This discovery opened the door for Lebanon and entered the club of oil states. This paper is a study and analysis of blocks No. 4 and No. 9 that may contain the largest amount of oil and natural gas in addition to studying and analysing the types of marine installations (fixed and movable) and provide the best suggestions for the type suitable platform for the process of extracting oil and natural gas from the Sea of Lebanon according to the depth of water and factors Natural. The option of a drillship for drilling is the most appropriate option, given the lack of sufficient information about the nature of the soil in the Lebanese Sea. The drillship is considered an optimal solution given for ease of movement and in the absence of oil, the cost is much lower than the installation of fixed platforms. Semisubmersible rig for drilling and Tension Leg Platform or Semisubmersible Platform as well as Subsea System for oil/gas extraction are good alternatives to be employed in the Lebanese oil/gas fields.

scholarly journals Oil and Natural Gas Management Policy in Realizing Equal Energy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Ulfatun Najicha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Equal Energy ◽  
The People ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Law

In its development, the management of oil and gas in Indonesia has undergone several policy developments. The enactment of Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas has become a new chapter in the regulation of oil and gas in Indonesia. This law wants to emphasize that national development must be directed to the realization of people's welfare by carrying out reforms in all fields of national and state life. This article finds that the law has affirmed the objectives of natural gas management to increase state income, create jobs, improve the welfare and prosperity of the people in a just and equitable manner, and maintain the environmental sustainability. However, gas management must be carried out carefully and should be free from liberalization schemes that can bring about social injustice and failure to achieve people's welfare. The Constitutional Court's decision, which has annulled the articles in the law, is imperative to do the legal reconstruction by ensuring laws that create happiness for the people.Keywords: Oil; Natural Gas; Equal Energy; Management Policy. 

scholarly journals Water and Wastewater Pipe Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring: A Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piervincenzo Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Networks ◽  
Water Mains ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

Civil infrastructures such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines ensure society's economic and industrial prosperity. Specifically, pipe networks assure the transportation of primary commodities such as water, oil, and natural gas. The quantitative and early detection of defects in pipes is critical in order to avoid severe consequences. As a result of high-profile accidents and economic downturn, research and development in the area of pipeline inspection has focused mainly on gas and oil pipelines. Due to the low cost of water, the development of nondestructive inspection (NDI) and structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies for fresh water mains and sewers has received the least attention. Moreover, the technical challenges associated with the practical deployment of monitoring system demand synergistic interaction across several disciplines, which may limit the transition from laboratory to real structures. This paper presents an overview of the most used NDI/SHM technologies for freshwater pipes and sewers. The challenges that said infrastructures pose with respect to oil and natural gas pipeline networks will be discussed. Finally, the methodologies that can be translated into SHM approaches are highlighted.

Analyzing the financial and economic momentum as a result of changes in the interest rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1673
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Interest Rate

Subject. The article discusses financial and economic momenta. Objectives. I determine financial and economic momenta as the interest rate changes in Russia. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and the method of statistical analysis. Results. The Russian economy was found to strongly depend on prices for crude oil and natural gas, thus throwing Russia to the outskirts of the global capitalism, though keeping the status of an energy superpower, which ensures a sustainable growth in the global economy by increasing the external consumption and decreasing the domestic one. The devaluation of the national currency, a drop in tax revenue, etc. result from the decreased interest rate. They all require to increase M2 and the devalued retail loan in RUB, thus rising the GDP deflator. As for positive effects, the Central Bank operates sustainably, replenishes gold reserves and keeps the trade balance (positive balance), thus strengthening its resilience during a global drop in crude oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effects were discovered to result from a decreased in the interest rate, rather than keeping it low all the time. Conclusions and Relevance. As the interest rate may be, the financial and economic momentum in Russia depends on the volatility of the price for crude oil and natural gas. Lowering the interest rate and devaluing the national currency, the Central Bank preserves the resource structure of the Russian economy, strengthens its positions within the global capitalism and keeps its status of an energy superpower, thus reinforcing its resilience against a global drop in oil prices.

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