It has been widely shown that particle crushing increases the compressibility of granular materials. For a particular crushable material and given test conditions, an empirical relation can be established between the breakage ratio and the plastic work. Along these lines, constitutive models have been developed based on the effect of grading evolution during crushing. In parallel, due to corrosive attacks of the humid environment at the tip of microcracks within solid grains, the mechanical behavior of crushable granular materials depends also on the water content: the higher the material humidity, the higher the particle crushing. However, the experimental data on the relation between loading–wetting conditions and the breakage ratio are still quite scarce. In this paper, we present experimental results on crushable sand to study the effect of flooding under isotropic, oedometric, and triaxial stress paths. The main objective of this study is to obtain a consistent framework for the effect of water based on the breakage ratio. Our results have shown that, for a given initial density and stress path, the dry material after flooding reaches the equivalent behavior of the initially wetted material in terms of compression curve, particle crushing, and creep compressibility index, regardless of the point of flooding. Moreover, the relation between the breakage ratio and the final void ratio is unique and depends neither on the stress path, the water content, the point of flooding, nor the loading condition (time of creep or relaxation), but exclusively on the initial density and on intrinsic parameters. These findings could improve the prediction of the effect of water and time on the mechanical response of crushable granular materials through constitutive models based on grading evolution.
Study of mechanical response in embossing of ceramic green substrate by micro-indentation
