Autonomous Decentralized FMS and its Efficient AGVs Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 539-544
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Yamamoto ◽  
Takayoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Hypothetical Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Automatic Guided Vehicles ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Production Situation

This paper describes Autonomous Decentralized FMS (AD-FMS) and its method to control automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) by using a memory. The aim is to increase the reasoning efficiency of a system the authors call reasoning to anticipate the future (RAF) which controls AGVs in AD-FMS. This RAF applies hypothetical reasoning to the number of next actions that can be considered for the AGV (competing hypotheses). However, if the number of agents included in the hypothetical reasoning process in the RAF is increased, the number of next actions that are considered as competing hypotheses also increases. As a result, the replacement of true and false hypotheses and number of repetitions of discrete production simulations produced by these replacements are increased, giving rise to the problem of decreased reasoning efficiency of the RAF. The present article reports a method to solve these problems. The reported method, the authors call ranking by oblivion and memory (ROM), is based on the idea that when a production situation occurs that is the same as one in the past, the same destination as in the past is more likely to be selected; that is, it has a high probability of being selected as the true hypothesis. By applying the ROM to AD-FMSs constructed on a computer, it was found that under all conditions the ROM reduced the number of hypothesis replacements to half that of a conventional system, demonstrating the validity of this system.

The unification of European law: a pipedream?

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. VAN CAENEGEM
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
European Law ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Historian ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Gift

The unification of European law – if it is ever achieved – belongs to the future, but much of this present article will be devoted to the past. This makes me look like the ancient Roman king Janus, upon whom the god Saturn bestowed the gift of seeing the future as well as the past, which led to his famous representation, in his Roman temple, as a man with two faces. As a professional historian I am, of course, concerned with past centuries, but the future of Europe and European law concerns me as a citizen of the Old World.

Intelligent AGV Control of Autonomous Decentralized FMS by Oblivion and Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 447-448 ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidehiko Yamamoto ◽  
Takayoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing System ◽  
Automatic Guided Vehicles ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Priority Ranking ◽  
The Future ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Production Conditions

This paper describes a method to control Autonomous decentralized Flexible Manufacturing System (AD-FMS) by using a memory to determine a priority ranking for competing hypotheses. The aim is to increase the reasoning efficiency of a system the author calls reasoning to anticipate the future (RAF) which controls automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) in AD-FMSs. The system includes memory data of past production conditions and AGV actions. The system was applied to an AD-FMS that was constructed on a computer. The results showed that, compared with conventional reasoning, this reasoning system reduced the number of hypothesis replacements until a true hypothesis was reached.　

scholarly journals Human Capital Management: The German Way

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Stein
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Present Article ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
German State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

The German discourse on Human Capital Management (HCM) has a long history which resulted in the manifoldness of notions connected with HCM. The exact specification of the meaning of HCM basically depends on the frame of reference used: the frame of the past, of the present or of the future. The present article which concentrates on the German aspects of the HCM debate is aimed at systematizing this discourse by outlining the past and present HCM development in Germany as well as its future perspectives. It will result in a synoptic view, summing up the German state-of-the-art HCM.

scholarly journals Ethical Dimension of Time in Plato’s Apology of Socrates

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-138
Author(s):  
Artur Pacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time

The aim of the present article is to analyse the Apology in its aspect of time. When defending himself against the charges, Socrates appeals to the past, the present and the future. Furthermore, the philosopher stresses the meaning of the duration of time. Thus, the seems to suggest that all really important activities demand a long time to benefit, since they are almost invariably connected with greater efforts. While the dialogue proves thereby to be an ethical one, the various time expressions also gain an ethical dimension.

scholarly journals Testing two competing hypotheses for Eurasian jays’ caching for the future: planning versus compensatory caching

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Amodio ◽  
Johanni Brea ◽  
Benjamin G. Farrar ◽  
Ljerka Ostojic ◽  
Nicola S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
The Future ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Food

AbstractPrevious research reported that corvids preferentially cache food in a location where no food will be available or cache more of a specific food in a location where this food will not be available. Here, we consider possible explanations for these prospective caching behaviours and directly compare two competing hypotheses. The Compensatory Caching Hypothesis suggests that birds learn to cache more of a particular food in places where that food was less frequently available in the past. In contrast, the Future Planning Hypothesis suggests that birds recall what-when-where features of specific past events to predict the future availability of food. We designed a protocol in which the two hypotheses predict different caching patterns across different caching locations such that the two explanations can be disambiguated. We formalised the hypotheses in a Bayesian model comparison and tested this protocol in two experiments with one of the previously tested species, namely Eurasian jays. Consistently across the two experiments, the observed caching pattern did not support either hypothesis; rather it was best explained by a uniform distribution of caches over the different caching locations. Future research is needed to gain more insight into the cognitive mechanism underpinning corvids’ caching for the future.

Errors in National Institute Forecasts of the Balance of Payments

1970 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Major ◽  
M. J. C. Surrey
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
National Income ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Recent Issue ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future

A recent issue of the National Institute Economic Review contained an article in which errors in the National Institute's forecasts of the national income accounts were analysed. One of those who reviewed the article criticised it on the grounds that the author ‘does not make an assessment of the balance of payments forecasts, which really is like putting on Lear without the King’. On the strength of his own ‘fairly crude’ comparison between these forecasts of the balance of payments and the official estimates of what actually happened, he went on to suggest that the errors in the former in the ‘crucial’ years of 1960, 1967, and 1968 were ‘large enough to … make one doubt whether balance of payments forecasting, whether short- or medium-term, is really a possible or worthwhile exercise’. The present article, already planned when the earlier one appeared, is an attempt to fill the gap on the stage. It aims to provide a rather more refined basis for judging the worth of such forecasts, and perhaps at the same time to improve the prospect that some of the grosser errors of the past may be avoided in the future.

scholarly journals The Thomas-Nolt Dispute: Some Lessons about Induction

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hitchcock
Keyword(s):  
High Probability ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Background Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Evidence

I resolve an apparently unresolved dispute about how probable uniform experience makes an extrapolation from it, and draw some general lessons about such enumerative induction. Uniform experience does not necessarily confer a high probability on an extrapolation of or generalization from that experience. Rational extrapolation or generalization typically involves a lot of specific background information, though not necessarily a general assumption that nature is uniform or that the future will resemble the past. And new evidence which is highly likely on one hypothesis but highly unlikely on any of its competitors does not necessarily make the former hypothesis highly probable.

scholarly journals Testing two competing hypotheses for Eurasian jays’ caching for the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Amodio ◽  
Johanni Brea ◽  
Benjamin G. Farrar ◽  
Ljerka Ostojić ◽  
Nicola S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bayesian Model Comparison ◽  
The Future ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Specific Food

AbstractPrevious research reported that corvids preferentially cache food in a location where no food will be available or cache more of a specific food in a location where this food will not be available. Here, we consider possible explanations for these prospective caching behaviours and directly compare two competing hypotheses. The Compensatory Caching Hypothesis suggests that birds learn to cache more of a particular food in places where that food was less frequently available in the past. In contrast, the Future Planning Hypothesis suggests that birds recall the ‘what–when–where’ features of specific past events to predict the future availability of food. We designed a protocol in which the two hypotheses predict different caching patterns across different caching locations such that the two explanations can be disambiguated. We formalised the hypotheses in a Bayesian model comparison and tested this protocol in two experiments with one of the previously tested species, namely Eurasian jays. Consistently across the two experiments, the observed caching pattern did not support either hypothesis; rather it was best explained by a uniform distribution of caches over the different caching locations. Future research is needed to gain more insight into the cognitive mechanism underpinning corvids’ caching for the future.

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