Trends in Precision Manufacturing Based on Intelligent Design and Advanced Metrology

2013 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Numan Durakbasa ◽  
Gokcen Bas ◽  
Jorge Martin Bauer ◽  
Günther Poszvek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
The One

ts of extreme importance in present time of worldwide international competition in industry and production engineering to safe time on the one hand and on the other keep an eye on increasingly higher costs of energy and raw materials. Comprehensive knowledge in the areas of market requirements, product and process development and design, intelligent metrology and end of life management are important presuppositions to achieve rapid, agile, waste free and cost-effective production of innovative, customized complex products using next-generation materials as well as to protect the environment by making zero emissions and improve environmental sustainability and reduce the use of energy by using intelligent manufacturing systems.

scholarly journals Pollution Prevention/Environmental Sustainability for Industry

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Bruce Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Production Operation ◽  
Prevention Act

It has been 30 years since, in the United States, the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 focused attention on reducing pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use [...]

Special Issue on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Yoshio Mizugaki
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems

Production engineering and manufacturing industries face difficulties in developing a new paradigm to cope with the post mass-production era. Consumers' preferences change very quickly and vary over a wide range of taste. A product's life cycle becomes shorter than shorter. Thus, rapid prototyping techniques have been requested, and some new concepts on manufacturing have been presented including Flexible Manufacturing System, Factory (or Flexible) Automation, Computer Integrated Manufacturing System, and Concurrent Engineering. After the termination of the cold war, many regional economies combined through international trade and dynamically evolved into global economies. Such change had significant effects on manufacturing industries and consequently on production engineering. As a new paradigm in the post mass-production era, the creation of manufacturing culture has been advocated by Prof. Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, President of University of Tokyo. It contains not only the movement towards standardization of conventional manufacturing knowledge but also the development of a global manufacturing system with use of computerization. At his advocation, the international research project of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) was initiated. This bimonthly journal is a special issue on the IMS project and similar topics widely covering intelligent manufacturing systems. The former part of the contents is the description of the IMS project. It consists of the commentary articles quoted from the IMS news and the latest reports of IMS international test cases. The Japan IMS center publishes the IMS news and strongly supports the IMS project itself with collaboration of Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan (MITI). The authors of these reports are primarily enrolled in the actual responsibility to promote their projects and newly write the articles for this journal. I would like to thank the IMS center and each author for their contributions to this special issue on the IMS project. The latter part of the contents consists of the articles on the STandard for the Exchange of Product model data (STEP) and some technical papers on manufacturing. A conference report on the 2nd Japan-France Congress on Mechatronics is also provided in this issue. I would like to thank all contributors for their cooperation in creating this special issue. As can be easily seen, this issue focused on the forthcoming advancement on production engineering and manufacturing through the movement of Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. As the editor of this special issue on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, I hope that the readers pay attention to this new movement and become involved in the near future.

scholarly journals Editor in Chief Commentary: Water - Recognizing the Indigenous Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry P. White
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Utilization Of Technology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
The One

Indigenous peoples have, since time immemorial, understood that water is central to the cycles of life. Yet, as many of the articles in this special issue on water in Indigenous communities point out, Indigenous peoples have real problems accessing safe water. Why? Indigenous peoples have always cared for the water and followed practices that, depending on their geography, varied by season to protect and conserve fresh safe water. They have celebrated it as witnessed by the ceremony and language used. Colonial practices have disrupted the care and knowledge passing in Indigenous communities. Cost-effective technology exists to deliver safe water to Indigenous communities. The issue is that utilization of technology and environmental sustainability rest on the social determinants of safe water. From a policy perspective, this means we have to look outside of Western technological solutions and come to listen to the other ‘story’ - the one that emanates from Indigenous Traditional Knowledge.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AS BYPRODUCT OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM AGRO-WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
V Manivasagan ◽  
K Susmitha ◽  
S Prabavathi ◽  
K Saranya ◽  
N G Ramesh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Renewable Feedstocks ◽  
Ethanol Pretreatment ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The present study aims to evaluate the potential of agro wastes such as apple pomace, Grasses, sugarcane bagasse as potential sources of bioethanol production. Bioethanol is the one of the recent increasing biofuels due to its positive impact on the environment and especially towards second generation of biofuels i.e. from non-food biomass. It’s produced from high sugar and starch containing raw materials and lignocellulosic biomass. Lignocellulose may be a complex mixture of carbohydrate that needs an efficient pretreatment for the assembly of fermentable sugar, after hydrolysis are fermented into ethanol. Pretreatment of lignocellulose has received considerable research globally thanks to economic and environmental sustainability of ethanol production. Microbes like Zymomonas mobilis, and Phanerochaete provide sufficient fermentation yield and can be utilized for fermenting lignocellulosic substrate. These microbes are isolated from the feedstock samples in the present study. A suitable media was also designed for the growth of the isolated microorganisms. The antioxidant tests were analyzed on the potential samples using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Lowering the cost of bioethanol production is one of the biggest challenges currently and can be greatly reduced by utilizing renewable feedstocks. Thus, making bioethanol is more economically competitive compared to fossil fuel.

scholarly journals Integration of Sustainability Into Early Design Through the Function Impact Matrix

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Devanathan ◽  
Devarajan Ramanujan ◽  
William Z. Bernstein ◽  
Fu Zhao ◽  
Karthik Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Product And Process

The issue of environmental sustainability, which is unprecedented in both magnitude and complexity, presents one of the biggest challenges faced by modern society. Design engineers can make significant contributions by incorporating environmental awareness into product and process development. It is critical that engineers make a paradigm shift in product design from centering on cost and performance to balancing economic, environmental, and societal considerations. Although there have been quite a few designs for environment (or ecodesign) tools developed, so far, these tools have only achieved limited industrial penetration. The present-day methods are either too qualitative to offer concrete solutions and not effective for designers with limited experience or too quantitative, costly, and time consuming. Thus, current ecodesign tools cannot be implemented during the early design phases. This paper develops a novel, semiquantitative ecodesign methodology that is targeted specifically toward the early stages of the design process. The new methodology is a combination of environmental life cycle assessment and visual tools such as quality function deployment, functional-component matrix, and Pugh chart. Since the early design process is function-oriented, a new visual tool called the function impact matrix has been developed to correlate environmental impacts with product function. Redesign of office staplers for reduced carbon footprint has been selected as a case study to demonstrate the use of the proposed approach. Life cycle assessment results confirm that the new stapler design generated using this methodology promotes improved environmental performance.

scholarly journals Reciclagem e sustentabilidade ambiental: a importância dos processos logísticos

TRANSPORTES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Souza
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Logistics ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Materials Recycling ◽  
The Right ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Proper Disposal

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Cresce a consciência que os recursos do planeta são finitos e, caso não se tomem providências para o controle da poluição e do aquecimento global, é possível que em longo prazo a vida na terra se torne inviável. Em função deste fato, surge nos meios acadêmicos um grande interesse em torno da “Logística para Reciclagem”, que pode ser definida como: O processo de planejamento, implementação e controle da eficiência e eficácia e dos custos, dos fluxos de matérias-primas, produtos em estoque, produtos acabados e informação relacionada, desde o ponto de consumo até um ponto de reprocessamento, com o objetivo de recapturar valor ou realizar a deposição adequada. O modelo proposto neste trabalho tem por objetivo destacar a importância dos processos logísticos para que as atividades de reciclagem de materiais sejam eficientes e ajudem a garantir a sustentabilidade ambiental. Foi feita uma aplicação simulada para a região de Florianópolis e municípios adjacentes.</p><p><em>Palavras-chave: </em>reciclagem; sustentabilidade ambiental; processos logísticos.</p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The conscious that the resources of our planet are finite is growing up, and life on earth might be unviable, if the right providences are not taken. Due to this fact, a big interest about “Recycling Logistics” has arisen. Recycling Logistics, as well as reverse logistics, is traditionally defined as: The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost effective flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption to an reprocessing point for the purpose of recapturing value or proper disposal. The model proposed in this paper was applied in the region of Florianópolis and adjacent municipalities and aims to highlight the logistics for the activities of materials recycling and their importance to environmental sustainability.</p><p><em>Keywords: </em>recycling; environmental sustainability; logistics processes.</p>

The Belt and Road Initiative and Sino-Russian economic cooperation: Is there one more chance for us?

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Petr M. Mozias
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
The One ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Current Stage

China’s Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.

scholarly journals End-of-Life Alternatives of Glass Reinforced Polyester Boat Hulls Compared by LCA

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 096369351802700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Önal ◽  
Gökdeniz Neşer
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Vacuum Infusion ◽  
Infusion Method

Glass reinforced polyester (GRP), as a thermoset polymer composites, dominates boat building industry with its several advantages such as high strength/weight ratio, cohesiveness, good resistance to environment. However, proper recovering and recycling of GRP boats is became a current environmental requirement that should be met by the related industry. In this study, to propose in a cost effective and environmentally friendly way, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out for six scenarios include two moulding methods (namely Hand Lay-up Method, HLM and Vacuum Infusion Method, VIM) and three End-of-Life (EoL) alternatives(namely Extruding, Incineration and Landfill) for a recreational boat's GRP hulls. A case study from raw materials purchasing phase to disposal/recycling stages has been established taking 11 m length GRP boat hull as the functional unit. Analysis show that in the production phase, the impacts are mainly due to the use of energy (electricity), transport and raw material manufacture. Largest differences between the methods considered (HLM and VIM) can be observed in the factors of marine aquatic ecotoxicity and eutrophication while the closest ones are abiotic depletion, ozon layer depletion and photochemical oxidation. The environmental impact of VIM is much higher than HLM due to its higher energy consumption while vacuum infusion method has lower risk than hand lay-up method in terms of occupational health by using less raw material (resin) in a closed mold. In the comparison of the three EoL techniques, the mechanical way of recycling (granule extruding) shows better environmental impacts except terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation and acidification. Among the EoL alternatives, landfill has the highest environmental impacts except ‘global warming potential’ and ‘human toxicity’ which are the highest in extrusion. The main cause of the impacts of landfill is the transportation needs between the EoL boats and the licenced landfill site. Although it has the higher impact on human toxicity, incineration is the second cleaner alternative of EoL techniques considered in this study. In fact that the similar trend has been observed both in production and EoL phases of the boat. It is obvious that using much more renewable energy mix and greener transportation alternative can reduce the overall impact of the all phases considerably.

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