Variations of the Magnetic Permeability and Barkhausen Noise in a Welded Low Carbon Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Lefteris Statharas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

The present paper investigates the utilization of both the magnetic Barkhausen noise and permeability measurements for the nondestructive distinguish of the three welding zones in a welded low carbon steel.

scholarly journals Temper embrittlement of 9%Ni low carbon steel and nondestructive inspection by magnetic Barkhausen noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Sérgio S.M. Tavares ◽  
Fernanda F. Neves ◽  
Hugo R. da Igreja ◽  
Leosdan F. Noris ◽  
Odivaldo C. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

9% Ni and low carbon steel is used in cryogenic services in oil and gas industries. The final mechanical properties are adjusted by quenching and tempering heat treatments. However, the un-correct tempering may cause temper embrittlement, with drastic decrease of toughness at cryogenic temperatures. In this study, specimens tempered at 350°C, 400°C and 450°C showed very low toughness at low temperature (-196°C) due to temper embrittlement. Specimens slowly cooled from the tempering temperature (565°C, 585°C and 605°C) also showed toughness reduction in comparison with specimens tempered at the same temperature and cooled in water. The brittle fracture was characterized by intergranular cracks and cleavage. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) inspection was conducted to verify if this technique can be used to detect the temper embrittlement in 9Ni steels. The root mean square (RMS) of the MBN signal was higher in specimens as quenched and in specimens tempered in the temper embrittlement range (350°C-500°C) than in specimens which were correctly tempered (565°C-605°C and water cooled). Comparing specimens tempered at 565 and 585°C range and slowly cooled with those which were water cooled, the RMS(MBN) was higher in the former group, which presented the lower toughness. However, the MBN inspection could not separate specimens tempered at 605°C slowly and rapidly, which can be related to the higher austenite volume fraction measured in the specimen slowly cooled.

Comparison of the Magnetic Barkhausen Noise for Low Carbon Steel in Deformed and Annealed Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. de Campos ◽  
F. R. F. da Silva ◽  
J. F. C. Lins ◽  
E. F. Monlevade ◽  
M. Alberteris Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Correlation of the Barkhausen Noise with Metallurgical and Mechanical Characteristics of Welded Low Carbon Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polykseni Vourna ◽  
Aphrodite Ktena ◽  
Evangelos Hristoforou
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Welding Technique

The influence of Electron Beam welding technique on the microstructure, mechanical and magnetic properties of low carbon steels was presented and evaluated. Samples with dimensions of 12 cm x 6 cm x 1.5 mm were prepared from stock plate, installed on the welding table and welded at welding speeds and pulsed currents following a predesigned protocol. In order to examine the influence of welding on the magnetizing behavior of low carbon steel, magnetic Barkhausen noise were conducted on the surface of the welded samples. The results were further evaluated by examining the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded samples by using scanning electron microscopy and micro-hardness measurements, respectively.

B&W IRON

Alloy Digest ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Magnetic Permeability

Abstract B and W IRON is a thoroughly killed, low carbon steel having a combination of ductility, toughness and high magnetic permeability. It is recommended for applications where good magnetic characteristics are of primary significance, such as in the manufacture of electric motor and generator housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Fe-35. Producer or source: Babcock & Wilcox Company.

Effect of Uniaxial Stress on Magnetic Permeability and Magnetic Loss of Low-Carbon Steel in Weak Alternating Magnetic Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 678 ◽  
pp. 220-227
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang Li ◽  
Zan Dong Han
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Magnetic Loss ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Stress Increase ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Pressure Stress

The inverse magnetostrictive effect provides a chance to detect the stress by measuring some magnetic parameters. So it is important to learn the effect of stress on some magnetic parameters. A measuring system to measure magnetic permeability and magnetic loss and a device to load uniaxial tension and pressure stress were developed. The result shows that magnetic permeability and magnetic loss increase with uniaxial tension stress increase and decreases with uniaxial pressure stress increase. It is also concluded that the relative change of magnetic permeability and magnetic loss decrease with increase of the included angle between the directions of the stress and magnetic field. These results suggest that magnetic permeability and magnetic loss can be further used to evaluate the stress in low-carbon steel.

Steel Hardness Determination Using the Barkhausen Noise Effect

2011 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
Eirini Varouti ◽  
C. Giannouli ◽  
Z. Petrakou ◽  
K. Sapountzi
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Noise Effect ◽  
Duplex Steel ◽  
Non Destructive

The Barkhausen noise technique (BHN) has been used as a non destructive tool for the measurement of the hardness in various types of steel, namely low carbon steel, TRIP steel, Duplex steel and welding in low carbon steel. The steel samples have undergone different mechanical treatment, such as plastic deformation, cold rolling or welding. Hardness and microhardness have been determined in terms of Vickers standards. A remarkably linear dependence of the BHN on the Vickers hardness of the corresponding samples with an uncertainty in the order of 3-5% has been achieved, illustrating that the BHN may be used as a non destructive tool for determining the Vickers hardness in steels. Furthermore, BHN measurements have obtained on the welding area, along the thermally affected zone and the weld itself, illustrating the theoretically expected stress field distribution.

Evaluating Temper Embrittlement in HY-80 Steel Using Magnetic Barkhausen Noise and Microstructural Characterization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Roberts ◽  
Charles D’Ambra ◽  
Jason Schibler ◽  
Michele Manuel ◽  
Thomas W. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domain Walls ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Destructive Testing

Abstract HY80 steel is a low-carbon steel known for embodying high strength and toughness properties. This steel is used in submarine applications. Temper embrittlement, which is the reduction of fracture toughness, occurs in steels when subject to aging and drastic temperature fluctuations. These changes occur in submarines over time while in underwater environments. During temper embrittlement, impurity atoms and carbides migrate to grain boundaries, which make the steel more susceptible to fracture. A non-destructive testing (NDT) method is desirable to assess the temper embrittlement damage in HY80. Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) is of interest as being a potential NDT method for analyzing HY80. Focusing on microstructural characterization and its effect on MBN could have implications for establishing an MBN based method to detect varied stages of temper embrittlement in HY80 steel. In this research, samples of HY80 were prepared and heat treated for 16–336 hours to mimic various degrees of temper embrittlement. Microstructural changes with heat treatment were characterized and connected to the MBN produced at each holding time. Methods consisted of performing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and using an MBN measurement system. It was observed that as holding time increases, grain size increases and carbide density within the grains decreases. These carbides, which act as pinning sites, make it more difficult for domain walls to move, consequently affecting MBN energy.

Correlation of Structural Characteristics of Low Carbon Ferritic Steel with Magnetic Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 213-215
Author(s):  
A. Mpalliou
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Barkhausen Noise ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Back Scattering

The surface magnetic properties, namely Barkhausen noise and surface dc B-H loops and the microstructure of low carbon steel, namely electron back scattering diffraction, have been correlated in this paper, showing a good monotonic behavior.

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