Application of CMC from Oil Palm Biomass as Anti-Redeposition Agent in Laundry Detergent

2019 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 224-229
Author(s):  
Nik Raihan Nik Him ◽  
Syaza Naurah Mohd Hidzir ◽  
Wan Hasamuddin Wan Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Palm Pressed Fibre ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Tga Analysis

This research was focused on the utilizing one of palm oil biomass; the palm pressed fibre (PPF) for producing CMC through etherification of cellulose with monochloroacetic acid. The gained CMC fibre based was tested for its potential as anti-redeposition agent. The main objective was to synthesize cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose value added product from oil palm biomass PPF using established standard method of ASTM (American Standard Test Method) and to run quality control studies for all sample such as viscosity of CMC, purity of CMC, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) Analysis. The effect of the CMC as anti-redeposition agent in laundry detergent making was focused as the main potential. The produced CMC was excellent in quality and has imitated the standard CMC with degree of substitution of 0.7 rather than 0.9. By using the TGA analysis, the moisture, volatile, carbon and ash content of the CMC was valued as 14.79%, 40.29%, 8.32% and 17.93%, respectively. 1% CMC added into three (3) different types of detergents against number of wash cycle to avoid soil redeposited back to our laundry load with Yr/Yo represents the whiteness retention in fabric swatches. Five wash cycles with duration of 10 minutes for each cycle was chosen since there was possibility that within minimum cycle of 1-2 detergent performance is still at its best. Detergent A + 1% (w/v) CMC has proved to give significant brightness of 59% better than Detergent A without CMC. CMC produced and reported in this paper has been proved to own such a potential and is expected to achieve interesting quality with better research exposure or maybe through a great pilot plant scale of CMC-antiredeposition-detergent with real dirty clothing-real washing machine test. Keywords. Palm Pressed Fibre; CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose);anti-redeposition

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Acoustical Performance of Oil Palm Mesocarp Natural Fiber

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanif Abdul Latif ◽  
Musli Nizam Yahya ◽  
Mohamed Najib Rafiq ◽  
Mathan Sambu ◽  
Mohd Imran Ghazali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Air Gap ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Synthetic Materials ◽  
Absorbing Material ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Impedance Tube Method

As the population increases, the demand of a comfortable environmental such as sound pollution is getting higher. Sound pollutions also have become worsen and creating concerns for many peoples. Due to this problem, synthetic materials as acoustic absorbers still applied as commonly acoustical panels and this material may hazardous to human health and contribute significantly a pollution to the environments. However, researchers have interested in conducting their research on natural fiber to be an alternative sound absorber. This study investigated the potential of oil palm Mesocarp fiber for sound absorbing material. The Mesocarp fibers were mixed with polyurethane (PU) as binder with ratio of 70:30. The thickness was varied in 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, and 40mm. This study also investigated the air gap of 5mm and 10mm in the sound absorption performance. Impedance Tube Method was used to measure sound absorption coefficient (a). The measurement was done on accordance with ASTM E1050-98, which is the standard test method for impedance and absorption of acoustical materials using a tube. The results showed that the optimum value for Mesocarp fiber is 0.93. The optimum value obtained at 5000 Hz. The influence of air gap increases the sound absorption especially from 250 Hz to 4000 Hz. These results indicate that fiber from Mesocarp is promising to be used sound absorbing material.

scholarly journals Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch stalk fibres on the physical properties of low-fat ice cream

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
D.M. Parid ◽  
A.S. Baharuddin ◽  
R. Kadir Basha ◽  
M.A. P. Mohammed ◽  
A. Mat Johari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
A Value ◽  
The One

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a food additive that plays an important role in the structure-forming of most food. The current extraction of CMC from wood has created competition with the wood industries. To ensure the sustainability of CMC, the search for alternatives to wood is critical. A study on the extraction of CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) stalk fibres (SCMC) was successfully carried out previously by the authors. In this study, the potential application of SCMC on low-fat ice cream properties was investigated. Liquid ice cream mix with SCMC had a higher viscosity (129.4 cP) when compared to the control sample (25.5 cP). However, the viscosity of liquid ice cream mix produced using SCMC was slightly lower than the one produced using the commercial CMC (360 cP). The overrun of the SCMC low-fat ice cream was slightly lower (35.2%) than the one produced using commercial CMC (41.5%). The resistance of SCMC and commercial CMC low-fat ice creams towards melting were about the same (60.28% and 58.75% respectively). The commercial CMC produced slightly harder (38.19 N) ice cream than the one with SCMC (28.88 N). Thus, the low-fat ice cream produced using SCMC is comparable with the low-fat ice cream produced using commercial CMC. This indicates the reliability of the extracted CMC from OPEFB stalk fibres to be applied in food, and thus creates a complete solution for the utilization of palm oil mill by-product to produce a value-added product.

Bio-Oils Characteristic from Oil Palm Biomass from Different Fast Pyrolysis Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 266-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Arshad Adam Salema ◽  
Ismail Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Value Added Products ◽  
Key Parameter

Pyrolysis is one of the effective ways to convert biomass into energy and value added products. Till date, no comparative study has been done on the characteristic of bio-oils of oil palm shell (OPS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) from various fast pyrolysis techniques. This includes fluidized bed, fixed bed, rotating cone, microwave and others. Thus, the main objective of this paper was to analyze the characteristics of OPS and EFB bio-oils obtained from these processing techniques. Temperature was found to be the key parameter for the quality of bio-oils. Besides the various pyrolysis techniques, the lignocellulosic constituents of oil palm biomass also influence the chemical composition of the bio-oils. Overall, chemical analysis of OPS and EFB bio-oil through GC-MS has shown variation in the amount of phenol and its derivatives.

scholarly journals Biomass Production from Oil Palm and Its Value Chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Umana S. Umana ◽  
Mbuotidem Sampson Ebong ◽  
Ekanem O. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

This work examined biomass production from oil palm and its value chain in Nsit Ibom Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State. This work identified the various biomass products derived from oil palm, the value chain of the various types of oil palm Biomass and the level of Utilization of the various oil palm biomass. Ten villages were selected using simple random sampling method. 380 questionnaires were collected out of 400 that were distributed which helped in generating data on the level of utilization of the various types of biomass derived from oil palm and the farming practices applied in the cultivation of oil palm. The first Hypothesis stated that the level of utilization of the various biomass products derived from oil palm in Nsit Ibom local government area is significant and was tested using Chi-Square. The second Hypothesis stated that the value chain of oil palm biomass is significantly related to the level of utilization in Nsit Ibom local government area and was tested using Multiple Correlation Analysis. From the test of hypothesis using 0.05 significant, there is a significant impact of oil palm biomass utilisation on rural livelihood in Nsit Ibom LGA. The Multiple Correlation Coefficient of 0.68 shows that there is a relationship between oil palm biomass and utilisation in Nsit Ibom LGA. 37.5% of respondents show that utilization of biomass from oil palm is extremely high. The major biomass generated are Empty Palm Bunch (EPB), Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) and Palm Pressed Fibre (PPF). The value added product are categorized into two: food and non-food products. Food product includes cooking Oil, Deep Frying Oils, Margarines and spreads Bakery fats, Cocoa butter, alternative fats, Confectionary fats, Ice cream fats, Infants nutrition fats and Other food applications while non-food product includes Cosmetics and personal care Soaps, Candles, Pharmaceuticals, Lubrications and agro-chemicals. Therefore, it was recommended that comprehensive training of farmers on palm oil processing technologies should be enhanced in order to enhance the utilization of its biomass. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2020-01-01-04 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Overview of pretreatment methods employed on oil palm biomass in producing value-added products: A review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9935-9997
Author(s):  
Rushan Diyanilla ◽  
Tuan Sherwyn Hamidon ◽  
Lisman Suryanegara ◽  
M. Hazwan Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
High Lignin Content ◽  
By Products ◽  
Value Added Products

Oil palm biomass is readily available in Malaysia. However, its high lignin content makes it undesirable for further processing. Pretreatment is employed to reduce the amount of lignin. Many resources exist on pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic biomass, but there are few articles specifically on oil palm biomass. Therefore, this review focuses on pretreatment methods for oil palm biomass, comparing their main strengths and limitations. Furthermore, this review tabulates different pretreatment conditions utilized, combinations of pretreatment methods, the resulting yields, and the potential applicability in producing value-added products. Because the main limitation of pretreatment is the formation of toxic compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, this review also discusses chemical detoxification methods for oil palm biomass residues. According to this review, among all types of oil palm biomass, oil palm empty fruit brunch is the most widely studied, and alkaline pretreatment is the most popular of all pretreatment methods. Combination of pretreatment methods is suitable for biomass with greater lignin content, to increase delignification efficiency. Furthermore, a combination of overliming and activated carbon treatment removes the maximum amount of toxic by-products.

scholarly journals The potential of biomass waste in Malaysian palm oil industry: A case study of Boustead Plantation Berhad

2021 ◽  
Vol 1192 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
N H S Jafri ◽  
D N Jimat ◽  
N F M Azmin ◽  
S Sulaiman ◽  
Y A Nor
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The oil palm industry is known as the primary producer of biomass in Malaysia. The massive production of oil palm biomass has resulted in a significant waste disposal problem. This study aims to assess the potential of waste derived from oil palm plantations and processing mills to be transformed into value-added products for various applications. The study was conducted on three oil palm estates managed by Boustead Rimba Nilai Berhad using data on the generation rates of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), crude palm oil (CPO), and oil palm biomass waste from 2018 to 2020. The availability of FFB, CPO, empty fruit bunches (EFB) and excess fibers, and palm oil mill effluents (POME) in 2030 was predicted using a forecasting approach, with trend analysis as the tool of choice. From 2018 to 2020, the output of FFB, EFB and excess fibers, as well as POME grew by 16%, 14%, 23%, and 14% respectively. Based on trend analysis, the projection of FFB, CPO, EFB and excess fibers, and POME outputs in 2030 is expected to be 80%, 56%, 92%, and 56% respectively, which are greater than the figures recorded in 2020. The state of the palm oil industry in Malaysia was described in this study and also highlighted the potential of oil palm biomass in various industries and as a source of green energy. Oil palm biomass can be commercialized in a wide range of value-added products.

scholarly journals Obtaining of medical textiles based on viscose and chitosan with simultaneously improved sorption and antibacterial properties by using dielectric barrier discharge

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Matea Korica ◽  
Ana Kramar ◽  
Zdenka Peršin ◽  
Bratislav Obradović ◽  
Milorad Kuraica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Medical Textiles

This study aimed to obtain textile based on viscose and chitosan with simultaneously improved sorption and antibacterial properties. For that reason, before functionalization with chitosan, the viscose fabric was modified by nonthermal gas plasma of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to introduce into its structure functional groups suitable for improved adsorption of chitosan. Functional groups' content of unmodified and DBD modified viscose fabric was determined by the calcium acetate method, while their influence on the surface charge, as well as the success of the functionalization of viscose fabrics with chitosan, was evaluated by measuring the zeta potential. Morphological, sorption and antibacterial properties of unmodified and DBD modified viscose fabrics, before and after functionalization with chitosan, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, capillary rise method, and standard test method ASTME 2149-01: 2001, respectively. The obtained results showed that the treatment with DBD contributed to the simultaneous improvement of sorption and antibacterial properties of viscose fabric functionalized with chitosan, making it suitable for the production of high value-added medical textiles.

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