Surface Induction Hardening of Steels: Process Modelling and Numerical Simulation

Heat treatments are widely used in industry to improve the surface behavior of components exposed to external mechanical actions and, therefore, undergoing wear phenomena. If compared to the conventional thermal treatments, induction hardening is an interesting candidate solution when the effect should be limited to the surface without affecting the microstructure and properties at the material core. Furthermore, this solution is appealing considering energy saving and cost reduction. In this process, an intense electric alternating current flows through a conductive coil enveloping the component to be treated. Such current generates a magnetic field and, as a consequence, eddy currents arise in the conductive work-piece providing a heat generation by the Joule effect. Due to this mechanism, the induction heating is characterized by faster heating rates with respect to the heating in a hot furnace. On the other hand, the induction hardening process requires a more challenging control of the operative parameters, namely the current density and frequency and the coil advancing speed. Numerical modeling and simulation are recognized as a very useful tool to predicting the effects induced by a treatment, avoiding undesired insufficient- or over-heating. The present work deals with a finite element numerical approach to the simulation of an induction hardening treatment of a steel component. The model is based on the subsequent solution of two numerical submodels. Firstly, the electro-magnetic field generated by the current flowing through a coil surrounding the processing part is inferred solving the Maxwell governing equations. Then, the magnetic field is used as input load for the subsequent heat transfer transient finite element model. The influence of the current density and frequency as well as other processing parameters on the magnetic and thermal fields is discussed.

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Magnetic Stimulation Of Excitable Tissue: Calculation Of Induced Eddy-currents With A Three-dimensional Finite-element Model

[1993] Digests of International Magnetics Conference ◽

10.1109/intmag.1993.642593 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

G.A. Mouchawar ◽

J.A. Nyenhuis ◽

J.D. Bourland ◽

L.A. Geddes ◽

D.J. Schaefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Finite Element Model ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Eddy Currents ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Element Model ◽

Excitable Tissue ◽

Dimensional Finite Element ◽

Three Dimensional Finite Element ◽

Stimulation Of

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Effect of a Time-Dependent Magnetic Field on the Corrosion of Nickel-Aluminum Bronze

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/2604 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 337-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hedda Nordby Krogstad ◽

Roy Johnsen ◽

Michael Coey

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Current Density ◽

Eddy Currents ◽

Time Dependent ◽

Anodic Current Density ◽

Aluminum Bronze ◽

Nickel Aluminum ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Increasing Temperature ◽

Nickel Aluminum Bronze

Nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) was anodically polarized in a solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl and exposed to a time-dependent magnetic field (TDMF) with an amplitude of 180 mT. The effect of a TDMF on the anodic behavior of NAB has been investigated as a function TDMF frequency (0 Hz to150 Hz) and the anodic polarization potential (−180 mVAg/AgCl to −25 mVAg/AgCl). The results show that the anodic current density at a fixed, anodic potential increases when NAB is exposed to a TDMF. The effect increases with frequency of the TDMF, and is highest for the lowest polarization potentials. At −180 mVAg/AgCl, the current density increased by 800% when the sample was exposed to a TDMF of 150 Hz. The increase in current density is explained in terms of joule heating resulting from the induced eddy currents in the NAB sample. The increased anodic reaction at increasing temperature was documented by recording polarization curves at 20°C, 40°C, and 60°C. The results emphasize a potential limitation of the use of NAB in close proximity to TDMFs in chloride-containing media.

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Electromagnetic Design of a Novel DC Lorentz Motor for Micromanipulation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.106 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 157-158 ◽

pp. 106-109

Author(s):

Xin Yan Qin

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Finite Element ◽

Design Method ◽

Element Model ◽

Electromagnetic Design ◽

Field Coupling ◽

Model And Simulation ◽

Simulation Results ◽

3D Finite Element Method ◽

Magnetic Field Coupling

In this paper, an electromagnetic design method for a novel DC Lorentz Motor for micromanipulation is described. To optimize permanent magnet (PM) array and minimize the magnetic field coupling among PMs, the distribution of magnetic field and the fluctuation of Lorentz force are obtained by the 3D finite-element method (FEM). Through the electromagnetic analysis, an optimized distribution and shape of PMs are found. Finally, the optimized DC Lorentz motor is manufactured. These simulation results are verified by those of the experiment results, which presents the finite element model and simulation results are reasonable.

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Characterization of rotor losses in permanent magnet machines

COMPEL The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering ◽

10.1108/compel-01-2020-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1215-1226

Author(s):

Antomne Caunes ◽

Noureddine Takorabet ◽

Sisuda Chaithongsuk ◽

Laurent Duranton

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Permanent Magnet ◽

High Speed ◽

Permanent Magnets ◽

Eddy Currents ◽

Computing Time ◽

Element Model ◽

Permanent Magnet Machines ◽

Content Type ◽

Rotor Losses

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a synthesis of the analysis and modeling of the rotor losses in high speed permanent magnets motors. Design/methodology/approach Three types of losses are as a result of eddy currents in the conductive parts of the rotor. The analysis includes their characterization and the setup of a numerical model using finite element method. The adopted methodology is based on the separation of the losses which allows a better understanding of the physical phenomena. Each type of losses will be modeled and computed separately. Findings It is possible to make a precise estimate of the different losses in the rotor while keeping a relatively short computing time. Research limitations/implications The analysis is applied on a high-speed permanent magnet motor for avionic application. The model is validated with the commercial finite element model (FEM) software Flux2D. Originality/value The developed model allows an important save in terms of CPU-time compared to commercial FEM software while staying accurate. The separation of each losses and their sources is important for motor engineers and was requested for them to improve the designs more easily.

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Finite element method analysis of the influence of the skin effect, and eddy currents on the internal magnetic field and impedance of a cylindrical conductor of arbitrary cross-section

Proceedings 1995 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering ◽

10.1109/ccece.1995.528122 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.I. Costache ◽

M.V. Nemes ◽

E.M. Petriu

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Finite Element Method ◽

Finite Element ◽

Cross Section ◽

Eddy Currents ◽

Skin Effect ◽

Arbitrary Cross Section ◽

Finite Element Method Analysis ◽

Cylindrical Conductor ◽

Method Analysis

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Magnetic field analysis of a switched reluctance motor using a two dimensional finite element model

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics ◽

10.1109/tmag.1985.1063910 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1883-1885 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

R. Arumugam ◽

D. Lowther ◽

R. Krishnan ◽

J. Lindsay

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Finite Element ◽

Switched Reluctance Motor ◽

Element Model ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Switched Reluctance ◽

Magnetic Field Analysis ◽

Reluctance Motor ◽

Dimensional Finite Element

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Comparison Orthogonal Tube Turning Data Versus Finite Element Simulation Using LS Dyna

Volume 2B: Advanced Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2013-63803 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Vishnu Vardhan Chandrasekaran ◽

Lewis N. Payton

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Metal Cutting ◽

Tool Material ◽

Element Model ◽

Rake Angle ◽

Machining Process ◽

Work Piece ◽

Orthogonal Machining ◽

Work Material ◽

Cut Depth

The current study focuses on building a 2-Dimensional finite element model to simulate the orthogonal machining process under a dry machining environment in a commercially available FEA solver LS DYNA. One of the key objectives of this thesis is to carefully document the use of LS Dyna to model metal cutting, allowing other researchers to more quickly build on this work. Actual force data is obtained using an Orthogonal Tube Turning apparatus that has been statistically validated to an accuracy of 99+%. The work material used in this study is Aluminum 6061-T6 alloy. The tool material is tool steel, which is modeled as a rigid body. A Plastic Kinematic Material Hardening model is used to define the work material. Chip formation is based on the effective failure plastic strain. A constant coefficient of friction between the tool and work piece is used, obtained from the actual experimental results. The simulation is carried out with the same constant velocity, different rake angles and depth cuts as in the real world experiment. The cutting force and thrust force values obtained for each combination of rake angle and cut depth are validated against the experimental data obtained at Auburn University. The resulting model is considered valid enough to use for sensitivity analysis of the metal cutting process in aluminum alloy 6061-T6 in the university environment. The model is available publicly to any university from a website provided.

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