Experiments and Regression Analysis of Grinding Hardened Layer Depth Based on Transverse Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Shun Xing Gao ◽  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Zhi Long Xu ◽  
Xiao Fan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
40Cr Steel

Based on orthogonal experiments, the influences of grinding process parameters including depth of cut (ap), workpiece infeed velocity (vw) and transverse regrinding value (Cr) on hardened layer depth (HLD) of 40Cr steel are studied in the grind-hardening process. The grind-hardening orthogonal experiments of 3-factors are performed on the 40Cr steel with the L16 (45) orthogonal table and the experimental optimization design theory. To understand quantitatively the effects of three grinding process parameters, the experimental data are modeled by regression. Among three grinding process parameters, the most important parameter is ap, followed by vw and Cr respectively. The experimental results indicate that HLD would increase with the increasing of the depth of cut and the decreasing of the workpiece infeed velocity in grind-hardening process, but HLD would decrease with the increasing of the interaction between the depth of cut and workpiece infeed velocity.

Experimental Research on Grind-Hardening of 65Mn Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 505-507 ◽  
pp. 787-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Gui Cheng Wang ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Shu Tian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Grinding Technique

Grind-hardening was done on 65Mn steel with a conventional surface grinder and a corundum-grinding wheel. Research was conducted to probe into microstructures and properties of the hardened layer under varied depth of cut and cooling conditions. Results show that the hardened layer does not change noticeably in their martensitic structures and micro-hardness, which is ranged between 810-870HV. When the depth of cut increases or the dry grinding technique is adopted, the hardened layer becomes thicker accordingly. Under the condition of dry grinding with the depth of cut 1.0mm, the hardened layer depth reaches 2.0mm. It can find applications in grinding and metal surface modification field.

Study on the Formation of Grind-Hardening of Steel AISI 1066

2007 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Gui Cheng Wang ◽  
B.L. Wang ◽  
K.M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Dry Grinding ◽  
Structures And Properties ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Grinding Technique

Grind-hardening was done on Steel AISI 1066 with a conventional surface grinder and a corundum grinding wheel, and research was conducted to probe into structures and properties of the hardened layer under varied depth of cut and cooling conditions. Results show that the hardened layer do not change noticeably in their martensitic structures and micro-hardness, which is ranged between 810870HV; But when the depth of cut increased or the dry grinding technique is adopted, the concentration of martensites and carbonides becomes lower, while the amount of residual austenites increases, and the completely hardened zone gets thicker. This conclusion serves as an experimental basis for the active control of properties of the grind-hardened layer of Steel AISI 1066.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Process Parameters on Bone Grinding Performance Based on On-Line Measurement of Temperature and Force Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Lihui Zhang ◽  
Lei Zou ◽  
Donghui Wen ◽  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Fanzhi Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Grinding Temperature ◽  
Skull Base Tumor ◽  
Grinding Performance ◽  
Expanded Endonasal Approach

This study investigates the effect of process parameters on neurosurgical bone grinding performance using a miniature surgical diamond wheel. Bone grinding is an important procedure in the expanded endonasal approach for removing the cranial bone and access to the skull base tumor via nasal corridor. Heat and force are generated during the grinding process, which may cause thermal and mechanical damage to the adjacent tissues. This study investigates the effect of grinding process parameters (including the depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed) on the bone grinding performance using temperature and force measurement sensors in order to optimize the grinding process. An orthogonal experimental design with a standard orthogonal array, L9 (33), is selected with each parameter in three levels. The experimental results have been statistically analyzed using the range and variance analysis methods in order to determine the importance order of the process parameters. The results indicate that the effect of the cutting depth on the grinding temperature and normal force is the largest, while the effect of the spindle speed on the tangential force is the largest. A high spindle speed would make the temperature rise to a certain extent; however, it significantly reduces the grinding force. At a certain spindle speed, a lower depth of cut and feed rate help to reduce the grinding temperature and force.

Study on Forming Mechanism of Surface Hardening in Two-Pass Grinding 40Cr Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 304-305 ◽  
pp. 588-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Cheng Wang ◽  
Ju Dong Liu ◽  
Hong Jie Pei ◽  
Z.H. Jia ◽  
Li Jie Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Creep Feed ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Quenched Steel ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Grinding Temperature Field ◽  
40Cr Steel ◽  
Martensite Structure

We had done the two-pass grind-hardening experiment on 40Cr steel using the conventional aluminum grinding wheel on a surface grinder, compared the structure and performance of the hardened layer of one-pass grinding with those of two-pass grinding and analyzed the forming mechanism of two-pass grinding hardened layers. The results show that there are a similar martensite structure and change rules of hardened layer of one-pass grinding and two-pass grinding in spite of the different of initial structures, for martensite has tempered by the action of the creep feed grinding temperature field. The depths of hardened layer, microhardness and wear resistance have further improved, but the maximal compressive residual stress and its influencing depth of hardened layer have decreased. The forming mechanism of the two-pass grinding hardened layer is the same as that of the grinding hardened layer of quenched steel.

Formation and Control of 40Cr Grind-Hardening

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Cheng Wang ◽  
Hong Jie Pei ◽  
Jin Yu Zhang ◽  
Chun Yan Zhang ◽  
Qin Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Forming Mechanism ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Variation Characteristics ◽  
And Control

Grind-hardening machining is not only a complex process coupling mechanical, dynamical and thermal effects, but a process containing distinct changes of microstructure and properties of the workpiece grinded surface layer. Under the defined experimental conditions, an empirical formula was constituted to describe the relation between hardened layer depth and grinding parameter of grind-hardening layer, and the multi-parametric optimization was conducted. A commercial FEM software package was used to simulate the grind-hardening process. The distribution and variation characteristics of the temperature and microstructure in the grinded surface layer of workpiece were obtained and the forming mechanism of the grind-hardened layer is revealed.

Performance Analysis of Cylindrical Grinding Process Parameters Using Grey Relational Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Author(s):  
C. Thiagarajan ◽  
S. Ranganathan ◽  
P. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

The present research work involves investigating the cylindrical grinding process parameters of Al/SiC metal matrix composites during machining. The effect of grinding process parameters on grinding force, surface roughness and grinding temperature were investigated experimentally using L27 orthogonal array. Grinding process was carried out using different combination of wheel velocity, workpiece velocity, feed rate and depth of cut. The significant grinding process parameters have been determined by using ANOVA. The grey grades identify the optimum level grinding process parameters. From the grey relational grade, low wheel velocity, medium workpiece velocity, medium feed rate and medium depth of cut gives the best results.

Study on Depth and its Uniformity of 65Mn Steel Grind-Hardened Layer

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhen Zhuang ◽  
Lian Fen Liu ◽  
Y.Z. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment Method ◽  
Table Speed ◽  
Significant Factors

On the basis of orthogonal experiment method, the grind-hardening of 65Mn steel had been carried out on a conventional surface grinder with alumina grinding wheel, the influence of depth of cutap, table speedvw, grinding modegm, and interaction between depth of cut and table speedavon depth and its uniformity of grind-hardened layer of 65Mn steel were investigated. The results show that, theapis the significant factor influences the average depth of grind-hardened layer and the significance ratio of experiment factors from most to least as followed:ap>vw>gm> av; thegmand thevware the significant factors influence the depth uniformity of grind-hardened layer and the significance ratio of experiment factors from most to least as followed: gm>vw>ap>av. The fairly uniformity of grind-hardened layer with good economy can be obtained when using grinding conditions that theap= 0.6mm, thevw= 0.4m/min, and thegm=up grinding + down grinding in practical applications.

Influence of Depth of Cut on Grind-Hardened Layer and Its Uniformity

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Fen Liu ◽  
Jie Zhen Zhuang ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Hardened Zone ◽  
Grind Hardening

The grind-hardening of steel 65Mn had been carried out on a conventional surface grinder with alumina grinding wheel, the influence of depth of cut on the microstructure and the microhardness of workpiece, the depth and its uniformity of grind-hardened layer were studied. The results show that the completely hardened zone of grind-hardened layer is composed of fine acicular martensites, residual austenites and a little carbide. The variety of depth of cut has no obvious influence on the microstructure and the microhardness of completely hardened zone of grind-hardened layer. The maximum depth of grind-hardened layer and the depth uniformity of grind-hardened layer of workpiece increases with the increase of depth of cut ap.

GENETIC ALGORITHM-BASED OPTIMIZATION FOR SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN CYLINDRICALLY GRINDING PROCESS USING HELICALLY GROOVED WHEELS

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (Supp02) ◽  
pp. 1850031
Author(s):  
ULAŞ ÇAYDAŞ ◽  
MAHMUT ÇELİK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Revolution Speed ◽  
Optimization Of Process Parameters ◽  
Rsm Model

The present work is focused on the optimization of process parameters in cylindrical surface grinding of AISI 1050 steel with grooved wheels. Response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques were merged to optimize the input variable parameters of grinding. The revolution speed of workpiece, depth of cut and number of grooves on the wheel were changed to explore their experimental effects on the surface roughness of machined bars. The mathematical models were established between the input parameters and response by using RSM. Then, the developed RSM model was used as objective functions on GA to optimize the process parameters.

An Approximate Solution of Energy Partition in Grind-Hardening Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Wen Bo Bi ◽  
Ru Bo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Present Model ◽  
Energy Partition ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Approximation Solution ◽  
Integral Approximation ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Grind Hardening ◽  
Thermocouple Method ◽  
Background Temperature ◽  
Natural Thermocouple

In order to estimate the energy partition within the workpiece, an integral approximation solution of energy partition is found in the grind-hardening process. Heat transfer models of the abrasive grain, workpiece, chips and fluid were analyzed by using the integral approximation method. The present model can calculate the energy partition with and without film boiling in the grinding zone. The temperature underneath the surface of the workpiece was measured using semi--natural thermocouple method. The workpiece background temperature calculated by the present model agreed very well with the experimental results. Energy partition model can be used to calculate the grinding temperature for controlling thermal damage and predicting the harden layer depth in grinding.

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